PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I B Masters

Publications and source records attributed to I B Masters.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Abnormalities of surfactant in children with recurrent cyanotic episodes.

The mechanism of recurrent cyanotic episodes in infants and children is not known, but a deficiency of surfactant is a possible cause. We have measured the amount of surfactant collected by bronchoalveolar lavage from two children with recurrent cyanotic episodes and from two controls with anatomical airway obstructions. We also assessed the physical properties of the surfactant by changing the surface area (A) of a monolayer and measuring its surface tension (gamma). The cases had lower amounts of surfactant extracted, which could explain some of the abnormalities of the gamma/A loops. However, the finding that the cases had reversed loops (ie, the surface tension is higher during monolayer compression than during expansion) shows that there is also a qualitative abnormality. These features suggest a possible diagnostic test if not a mechanism for this disorder.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1992

Single daily dose ceftriaxone therapy in epiglottitis.

Ceftriaxone as a single daily intravenous dose for 5 days was used to treat seven patients with proven Haemophilus influenzae epiglottitis. All children responded favourably. The serum levels achieved exceeded the MIC by up to 1500 times at the trough level during and for up to 24 h after the completion of the treatment. Side effects were mild and transient and did not disrupt the continuity of the treatment. Ceftriaxone potentially offers a number of clinical and economic advantages in the management of epiglottitis.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1990

Single breath versus panting technique in salbutamol delivery through a 750 mL spacing device.

Spacing devices have been widely advocated for asthmatic patients having difficulty actuating metered aerosols and co-ordinating inspiration. Studies have generally supported the slow inspiration/breath hold technique. This requires conscious respiratory control. Such control is often not possible in young children; consequently panting techniques are widely recommended. The panting technique has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the bronchodilator effectiveness of panting and the single breath maneuver, each followed by a breath hold, and each at functional residual capacity (FRC), using a Volumatic Space. The study design was a randomly allocated cross-over assessment of bronchodilator response for each technique. The drug dosage was controlled by limiting the inspired volumes of gas (single and cumulative) to the pretested inspiratory capacity. Two hundred micrograms of salbutamol was delivered into the spacer. Twenty-one patients were entered in the study and 15 (mean age +/- SD = 10.9 +/- 3.3 years) completed the protocol. There was no significant difference in bronchodilator response between the two groups. We conclude that the panting and the single breath techniques are equally effective in children of this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Errors in low flow oxygen delivery systems.

Accurate delivery of low flow oxygen is essential for the management of infants with chronic respiratory failure. Twenty-seven examples of one low flow oxygen meter were tested. Measured flows were found to differ greatly from indicated settings, particularly at 250 mL/min settings. Knowledge of such errors as well as improved quality control are essential for appropriate management of oxygen therapy.

Oxygen Inhalation Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Disturbance in respiratory mechanics in infants with bronchiolitis.

The passive flow-volume and partial forced expiratory flow-volume techniques were used to assess pulmonary function in 14 spontaneously breathing infants with acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Two additional infants were studied while paralysed and ventilated. During the acute stage of the illness there was a significant reduction in forced expiratory flow rates and an increase in respiratory resistance. Although the mean thoracic gas volume for the group was increased, five infants did not compensate for their airways obstruction by hyperinflation. Curvilinear passive flow-volume curves were seen in three of the 14 non-ventilated infants and in both ventilated infants. At follow up three to four months later all passive flow-volume curves were linear. There was a significant reduction in hyperinflation and an increase in forced expiratory flow rates, but values still differed significantly from those in normal infants.

Bronchiolitis↗
PubMed1988

Single breath airway occlusion measurements of compliance and resistance utilizing a mechanical ventilator.

A simple manipulation of the outflow valve of a Baby Bird MKII ventilator was used to measure passive lung mechanics by the airway occlusion technique. The results showed satisfactory reproducibility and comparison with other techniques at intra and interstudy level. This technique may have important clinical ramifications as it allows measurements of passive lung mechanics to be made without the need for cumbersome valves or handling of the airway. This convenience could also allow for concomitant plethysmographic lung volume assessments.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1987

Effect of ipratropium bromide on respiratory mechanics in infants with acute bronchiolitis.

The effect of nebulized ipratropium bromide in 14 infants (mean age: 20 weeks, range: 4-41) with acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis was examined. A modified rapid chest compression technique was used to obtain partial expiratory flow-volume curves and maximum flow at functional residual capacity. Passive respiratory mechanics were assessed by brief occlusion at end inspiration. Thoracic gas volume was measured in a body plethysmograph. No significant difference was found in forced and passive respiratory mechanics pre- and post-ipratropium bromide. No subgroups could be identified. These results do not support the use of ipratropium bromide in acute viral bronchiolitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal study of lung mechanics in normal infants.

Lung mechanics and partial forced expiratory flows were measured serially in seven normal infants during the first year of life. Lung mechanics were measured by the end inspiratory occlusion technique and partial forced expiratory flows by the rapid chest compression method. Thoracic gas volume, compliance, and partial forced expiratory flows measured at functional residual capacity progressively increased with age and correlated with height cubed. Respiratory system resistance progressively fell whereas volume-corrected flows remained fairly constant over the study period. These findings provide longitudinal lung function data and support the concept of isotropic lung growth.

Forced Expiratory Flow Rates↗