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Biomedical subjects

I Bosaeus

Publications and source records attributed to I Bosaeus.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal and colonic segmental transit time evaluated by a single abdominal x-ray in healthy subjects and constipated patients.

Gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) and segmental colonic transit times were studied in 56 healthy subjects by repeated daily ingestion of 10 radiopaque markers followed by abdominal x-ray. A seven-day procedure including marker intake for 6 days and a single radiograph on day 7 was found to be a simple method to differentiate between rapid, normal and prolonged transit. Addition of 20 distinguishable markers on day 6 helped to describe transit profiles. Healthy women had longer GITT than men (median 2.4 and 1.9 days, respectively) measured as mean 50% excretion time for the ingested doses of markers. For comparisons with patients percentiles for transit were calculated. In constipated patients the 7-day method demonstrated prolonged GITT as well as transit dysfunction in separate colonic segments. The method seems convenient for clinical use in diagnostic as well as therapeutic studies of colonic transit.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of exchanging polyunsaturated fat for carbohydrate on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients.

The effects of exchanging sunflower oil for isocaloric amounts of starch hydrolysate on bile acid and cholesterol excretion was studied in six ileostomy subjects. Enteral diets were used to minimize the influence of dietary fibre. Continuous drips of two low-cholesterol liquid enteral formulas, one medium-fat polymeric and one low-fat peptide diet, both containing sunflower oil, were administered for 4-d periods through nasogastric tubes in random order. Ileostomy sterol excretion was quantified by GLC. On the low-fat diet (more carbohydrate) compared to the medium-fat diet (more sunflower oil), net cholesterol excretion was lower in all subjects (P less than 0.05). Bile acid excretion tended to be higher (n.s.), so that mean net sterol excretion remained unchanged. The observations suggest that the consequences on total small bowel sterol excretion of replacing polyunsaturated fatty acids with carbohydrate are small or absent.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cholelithiasis and urolithiasis in Crohn's disease.

In a consecutive series of 107 patients operated on for Crohn's disease involving the distal ileum, the overall incidence of gallstones was 17% and of renal stones 12%. Whereas the frequency of gallstone disease was 9% in patients with minor resections, patients with more than 100 cm diseased or resected small bowel had a frequency of 35%. The probability of gallstone development in both sexes was calculated to be approximately 50% after 20 years of distal ileopathy. The frequency of renal stone disease in patients with minor resection was comparable to that of a population in Sweden but was significantly commoner in patients with resection of more than 100 cm (28%), provided they were not colectomized. The high frequency of stone disease after resection of distal ileum is attributed to metabolic disturbances due to steatorrhea and bile salt malabsorption.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1987

Body composition in the elderly estimated with an electrical impedance method.

The purpose of the present study was to test the reliability and validity of a new electrical impedance method for estimating body composition in 35 healthy persons and patients in different sex and age groups, and to obtain basal data on the size of different body composition compartments in elderly individuals in health and disease. The reliability studies showed no significant differences with the new method in intraindividual comparisons before and after changing the positions of the electrodes, drinking of water, and overnight fasting, as well as at a double estimation on 2 consecutive days. The results with this method are compared to results from measurements of total body potassium and total body water, and from a four-compartment model technique using total body potassium and total body water. We conclude that the method has an acceptable reliability and validity and should be of great value not only in field studies but also in clinical practice. Data on body composition with the electrical impedance method are obtained from 147 individuals in different groups, namely healthy females, 80-81-year-old males, female patients from a nursing home, and patients of both sexes from a day care unit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Dietary habits in relation to incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in women: a 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Dietary intake as initially estimated by means of a 24-h recall has been related to the incidence of ischemic heart disease, stroke, and overall mortality during a 12-yr follow-up period in a prospective study of 1462 women representative of the general population. Energy intake was inversely correlated to the 12-yr incidence of myocardial infarction. The correlation was independent of age, indices of obesity, smoking habits, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and physical activity. No correlation was found between dietary intake and incidence of stroke or overall mortality, nor was any correlation found between end-points and intake of fish, energy percentage of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. These observations suggest that suboptimal intake of nutrients may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Low-fat versus medium-fat enteral diets. Effects on bile salt excretion in jejunostomy patients.

Nine jejunostomy patients were given three low-residue enteral diets in random order through a nasogastric tube. Total bile salt excretion in the jejunostomy contents was 13-17% lower (p less than 0.05) on low-fat diets than on a medium-fat diet. Cholate excretion was 14-20% lower, but chenodeoxycholate excretion showed no difference on the low-fat diets. The study supports the idea of a lower excretion of bile salts to the colon as an explanation of reduced diarrhoea when a low-fat diet is prescribed to patients after ileal resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of wheat bran and pectin on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients.

The effect of addition of pectin or wheat bran to a constant low-fibre diet on bile acid and cholesterol excretion from the small intestine has been studied in ileostomy patients. The study was designed to minimize bacterial alteration of ileostomy contents. An addition of 15 g of citrus pectin increased bile acid excretion by 35 per cent (P less than 0.05) and net cholesterol excretion by 14 per cent (P less than 0.05) in six patients, while 16 g of wheat bran to another six patients caused no consistent change. Ileostomy fat excretion increased on the diet with added pectin (P less than 0.05) but not on that with bran. The results support the concept of dietary fibre exerting its effects on lipid metabolism by altering intestinal excretion of sterols.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hydrogen (H2) breath test and gastric bacteria in acid-secreting subjects and in achlorhydric and postgastrectomy patients before and after antimicrobial treatment.

Sixteen patients with pentagastrin-fast achlorhydria and 12 patients who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy (at least 3 years previously) were compared with 10 acid-secreting volunteers and 13 patients with endoscopically proven peptic disease. The concentration and type of gastric bacteria were analysed in achlorhydrics, Billroth II patients, and patients with peptic disease. A 6-h hydrogen (H2) breath test after a standardized meal was performed in all subjects. The mean concentration of gastric bacteria was significantly higher in achlorhydrics and Billroth II patients than in patients with peptic disease. End-expiratory H2 excretion was elevated in achlorhydrics and Billroth II patients to levels significantly exceeding those of acid-secreting volunteers and patients with peptic disease. In achlorhydrics, total bacterial concentration in gastric juice was correlated to H2 excretion between 60 and 180 min after the meal. Treatment of achlorhydric and postgastrectomy patients with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole lowered H2 breath concentrations in both groups and reduced symptoms in achlorhydrics. Elevated end-expiratory H2 levels after a test meal indicate upper gastrointestinal bacterial overgrowth in achlorhydrics and in postgastrectomy patients.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1985

The hydrogen (H2) breath test. Sampling methods and the influence of dietary fibre on fasting level.

Three end-expiratory breath hydrogen (H2) sampling methods were compared in a patient group (n = 12) and a laboratory staff group (n = 12) on two separate occasions. H2 samples obtained with each method showed significantly different concentrations (p less than 0.001) but no significant differences in coefficient of variation when individual triplicate samples were evaluated. There was a high correlation between the breath H2 concentrations obtained by the three methods (r = 0.93-0.96). Fasting breath H2 values after an overnight fast and an unrestricted diet the day before the investigation were compared with values obtained after an overnight fast and a low-fibre diet the day before the test in two patient groups (n = 39 and 39) with a comparable distribution of diagnoses and in one group of healthy volunteers (n = 17). Fasting breath H2 concentrations were significantly lower after a low-fibre diet in the patient groups (p less than 0.005) and in healthy volunteers (p less than 0.02). We conclude that each of the three end-expiratory sampling methods can be chosen for use in H2 breath tests depending on suitability and convenience and that a low-fibre diet the day before the H2 breath test lowers fasting breath H2 concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of an elemental and two polymeric diets in colectomized patients with or without intestinal resection.

The absorption of nutrients and minerals from the small bowel on enteral diets of different composition has been studied in seven ileostomy patients without or with only minor (< 100 cm) distal small bowel resection (group A) and in nine patients with major (> 100 cm) resections, i.e. jejunostomies (group B). In group A, a moderate-fat polymeric diet (MF) was compared to a peptide-based low-fat elemental diet (PD). Nitrogen and potassium absorption was higher on the MF, while the absorption of other nutrients and minerals studied did not differ. In group B a low-fat polymeric diet (LF) was also tested. Jejunostomy volumes were higher on the PD diet compared to the polymeric diets, as were losses of sodium and potassium. Nitrogen absorption was lower on the PD diet. Comparison of the MF and LF polymeric diets showed equal energy losses, while jejunostomy volumes and sodium losses were higher on the MF diet. Calcium absorption was higher and balance better on the LF diet. We conclude, that (a) elemental diets offer no nutritional advantages in enteral feeding of patients with intact or impaired small bowel function, and (b) we suggest that a low-fat polymeric diet could replace elemental diets in patients with malabsorption.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Intestinal transit time in constipated and non-constipated geriatric patients.

Intestinal transit was measured by following a radioisotope capsule through the gut. The transit in 16 elderly patients with chronic constipation was compared with that in 16 patients of the same age and with 10 healthy younger people without constipation. Although the constipated patients generally had a slower total transit time through the gut, some old and young people without constipation also showed a slow total transit. Constipated patients had a significantly slower transit only through the rectosigmoidal part of the colon. It is also suggested that old age per se does not imply an increased transit time.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Total body water and total body potassium in patients with continent ileostomies.

Total body water and total body potassium were studied in 14 patients submitted to proctocolectomy six to 10 years after they had been provided with a continent ileostomy. Total body water was determined with an isotope dilution technique using tritiated water as a tracer. Total body potassium was determined by counting the gamma radiation from the naturally present nuclid 40K in a total body counter. The results were compared with 'normal values' produced by multiple regression analysis of data from 476 healthy controls which had been published earlier from the same laboratory. The investigations showed no signs of water or potassium depletion in patients with continent ileostomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a low-fat diet and antidiarrhoeal agents on bowel habits after excisional surgery for classical Crohn's disease.

The effect of dietary restriction and/or antidiarrhoeal agents on the bowel habits in relation to amount of ileal resection was studied in 63 patients after excisional surgery for classical Crohn's disease. Satisfactory function, i.e. one to three bowel movements per day was achieved in all patients with a moderate distal ileal resection (less than 100 cm) after such treatment. One quarter of these patients preferred codein phosphate or diphenoxylate and about one half a low fat diet, either alone or in combination with the above mentioned drugs. About one quarter did not need any form of anti-diarrhoeal therapy. In patients with a more extensive distal small bowel resection (greater than 100 cm), codein phosphate or diphenoxylate was mostly ineffective to control diarrhoea. However, by means of a low fat diet satisfactory bowel habits were achieved in the majority of these patients, although many of them had to combine this treatment with additional amounts of anti-diarrhoeal drugs. Thus, the result was considered unsatisfactory only in three of the 17 patients receiving such a treatment. Two of these patients were previously cholecystectomized however, and the third patient had been subjected to an almost 80% small bowel resection. Low fat diet appears to be an effective therapy for regulation of the disturbances in bowel function occurring after ileal resection and has a particularly important place in patients with extensive resections.

Antidiarrheals↗
PubMed1981

Hyperoxaluria in malabsorptive states.

During the last 10 years it has become apparent that hyperoxaluria often is present in malabsorptive states. This secondary hyperoxaluria could be explained by an increased uptake of dietary oxalate due to malabsorption of fatty acids and bile salts. Dietary prescriptions, including a low fat diet is advocated in the treatment of hyperoxaluria in Crohn's disease or after small bowel resection.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1979

Transit time in constipated geriatric patients during treatment with a bulk laxative and bran: a comparison.

Transit time, as estimated from the passage through the gut of an isotope (131I)-containing capsule, was studied in 10 constipated, geriatric in-patients on a bulk laxative regimen and during treatment with wheat bran. The patients received a conventional bulk laxative (Vi-Siblin, 6 g twice daily) during a period of 8 weeks. The bulk laxative was then replaced by bran (10 g twice daily) during the following 8-week period. Measurements of transit time were taken after 4 and 6 weeks on each regimen. The mean transit time was 126 h for the bulk laxative regimen and 89 h for the bran treatment, the difference being statistically significant. The decrease in transit time for the bran treatment was essentially due to a faster passage through the rectosigmoid part of the bowel. Less additional laxative therapy was needed during bran treatment than during the bulk laxative treatment. The favourable properties of bran may tentatively be explained by the effects remaining in the distal part of the colon. A slight but significant lowering of the serum calcium level and a significant increase of the total iron-binding capacity of the serum were found after 7 weeks of bran administration, whereas no change was observed after 42 weeks. No significant change was demonstrated in serum iron during bran treatment.

Aged↗