Biomedical subjects

I Brill

Publications and source records attributed to I Brill.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Effectiveness of an intervention promoting the female condom to patients at sexually transmitted disease clinics.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated a behavioral intervention designed to promote female condoms and reduce unprotected sex among women at high risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). METHODS: The effect of the intervention on barrier use was evaluated with a pretest-posttest design with 1159 female STD clinic patients. RESULTS: Among participants with follow-up data, 79% used the female condom at least once and often multiple times. More than one third of those who completed the study used female condoms throughout follow-up. Use of barrier protection increased significantly after the intervention, and high use was maintained during a 6-month follow-up. To account for attrition, the use of protection by all subjects was projected under 3 conservative assumptions. The initial visit and termination visit projections suggest that use increased sharply after the intervention and declined during follow-up but remained elevated compared with the baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Many clients of public STD clinics will try, and some will continue, to use female condoms when they are promoted positively and when women are trained to use them correctly and to promote them to their partners. A behavioral intervention that promotes both female and male condoms can increase barrier use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Brain tumors among electronics industry workers.

We evaluated the relation between work experience in the United States operations of an electronics company and brain tumor mortality, focusing on video display terminal (VDT) development jobs. Subjects were 149 brain tumor cases and 591 matched controls selected from a company registry of all employees dying between 1975 and 1989. Company databases and interviews with company personnel constituted the basis for work histories, including information on whether subjects had held VDT development jobs. Subjects who worked at plants with hardware or VDT development operations had slightly but imprecisely elevated odds ratios (OR). The study found no meaningful association between VDT development work and brain tumor mortality. Other results included an elevated OR for 10 or more years of employment in engineering/technical jobs [OR = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-3.0] or in programming jobs (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.1-7.0). The OR for glioma for all subjects who had accrued 5 years of programming work 10 years before the case's death was 3.9 (95% CI = 1.2-12.4). These associations were limited in large part to one of four division groups. Also, only male programmers experienced an elevated OR. These patterns indicate that the associations may be due to chance, although unidentified causal exposures present in a subset of engineering/technical and programming jobs cannot be ruled out.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A case-control study of leukemia among petroleum workers.

This case-control study evaluates the relationship between leukemia and the work histories of active and retired employees of a large petroleum company. The study includes 69 cases with leukemia and 284 matched controls. Employment in production-related work in the oil and gas division was associated with myelogenous leukemia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .97 to 4.2) and particularly with acute myelogenous leukemia (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1 to 7.3). The association with acute myelogenous leukemia was strongest for subjects in the highest tertile (32+ years) of duration of employment in oil- and gas production-related work (OR = 8.7, 95% CI = 2.0 to 37), and there was a consistent trend of increasing ORs with increasing duration of employment (P = .01). No clear association was observed for refining division work and leukemia. This is the first epidemiologic study reporting a positive association between oil and gas field work and acute myelogenous leukemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The development of encapsulated filtering blebs.

The development of an encapsulated filtering bleb (Tenon's cyst) complicated 56 of 409 consecutive filtering operations (13.7%) performed during a 40-month period after January 1983. Fifteen eyes (27.8% of encapsulated blebs) required surgical revision. The recognition of bleb encapsulation occurred 20.4 +/- 12.7 days (mean +/- standard deviation) postoperatively. Prolonged duration of beta-adrenergic antagonist therapy was associated with an increased frequency of bleb encapsulation (180.6 +/- 128.5 weeks without encapsulation, 229.0 +/- 129.3 weeks with encapsulation, P less than 0.009). Bleb encapsulation occurred in 42 of 272 eyes with previous argon laser trabeculoplasty, but in only 4 of 85 eyes without any previous anterior segment laser (P less than 0.01). Encapsulated filtering blebs developed in 4 of 12 (33.3%) eyes with congenital glaucoma and 4 of 9 (44.4%) eyes with juvenile glaucoma (P less than 0.0002). The intraocular pressures (IOPs) in the eyes with encapsulated filtering blebs were significantly elevated at 1, 2, and 3 postoperative weeks, and at final follow-up compared with eyes without bleb encapsulation.

Adolescent↗