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Biomedical subjects

I Brumpt

Publications and source records attributed to I Brumpt.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in patients with risk factors].

Studies of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (EXCB) included in the approval documents of levofloxacin (LVF) were reviewed in light of the good conditions of use defined by the French marketing approval and the AFSSAPS recommendations. The approval documents included two American studies comparing LVF 500 mg/d for 5-7 days with cefaclor 750 mg/d for 7-10 days or cefuroxime axetil (CXM) 500 mg/d for 7-10 days. A new descriptive analysis of efficacy was performed on a population meeting the recommendation criteria for antibiotic treatment in patients with clinical signs of obstruction. This analysis was stratified by number of risk factors (RF) for the following aggravating conditions: age above 65 years, diabetes or corticosteroid therapy. In the American studies, clinical efficacy, measured by rate of success in the total population, in the EXCB population requiring antibiotic therapy with or without risk factors, and in the EXCB population with at least one and at least two of the above-cited risk factors was 93.4% (351/376), 93.0% (268/288), 90.4% (122/135) and 94.4% (34/36) respectively with LVF and 92.2% (354/384), 92.5% (273/295), 87.7% (128/146) and 79.3% (23/29) respectively with the compared drugs. In the European study, the clinical efficacy in the total population, in the EXCB population requiring antibiotic therapy with or without risk factors, and in the EXCB population with at least one and at least two of the above-cited risk factors was 81.9% (195/238), 82.4% (182/221), 78.9% (112/142) and 75.0% (27/36) respectively with LVF and 72.5% (166/229), 74.0% (154/208), 73.1% (95/130) and 58.3% (21/36) respectively with the compared drugs. The efficacy of levofloxacin is thus confirmed for EXCB with signs of obstruction. When stratifying for RF, the efficacy of LVG persists with increasing numbers of RF, a result not observed with the compared drugs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Overview of electrocardiographic and cardiovascular safety data for sparfloxacin. Sparfloxacin Safety Group.

During the preclinical development of sparfloxacin, prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval was observed in dogs. Subsequently, the effect of sparfloxacin on the QTc interval in man was studied in Phase I studies in healthy volunteers. An independent Safety Board was established to evaluate the electrocardiograms, provide an assessment of the clinical consequences of prolongation of the QT interval, and advise on the design of current and future studies. Results of Phase I and Phase III studies have been consistent and indicate that the increase in QTc interval associated with sparfloxacin is moderate (3% on average) and that patients with renal or hepatic impairment are not at increased risk. Few serious adverse cardiovascular events have been reported during post-marketing surveillance of sparfloxacin and all have occurred in patients with an underlying cardiac condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Influence of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin.

Pefloxacin and rifampin are frequently associated in the antibiotic therapy of deep-seated, and especially bone-located, infections. The influence of rifampin, a potent drug metabolism enzyme inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin was studied in a randomized crossover trial involving eight young healthy male volunteers. Every volunteer received either pefloxacin alone (period A) or pefloxacin after a 10-day induction by rifampin (period B) given as a 900 mg daily oral dose, and both periods were separated by a 3-week washout period. During both periods, pefloxacin was given during 3 days as a 400 mg b.i.d. oral dose (six doses) followed by a 400 mg intravenous dose on the fourth day. The kinetics of pefloxacin are significantly influenced by rifampin: The minimum (12-hour) plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve, and elimination half-life decreased respectively from 4.26 +/- 1.57 to 2.70 +/- 1.00 mg/L, 78.91 +/- 22.82 to 57.81 +/- 16.69 mg.hr/L, 14.46 +/- 3.46 to 10.08 +/- 2.44 hours (p less than 0.05). The renal clearance of pefloxacin was unchanged, but the plasma clearance increased from 94.04 +/- 39.04 to 126.82 +/- 47.36 ml/min (p less than 0.05). The plasma clearance of N-demethyl and N-oxide metabolites were similar for both periods, but the cumulative renal excretion (0 to 96 hours) decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) for period B versus period A. This definite but moderate inductive effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin does not suggest a dose modification of pefloxacin in therapeutic association with rifampin, but pefloxacin assay in plasma seems to be advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women: new therapeutics].

Some twenty years ago, its was generally agreed that bacterial cystitis should be treated for 7 to 10 days, but since that time numerous clinical studies have suggested that shorter, single-dose or three-day treatments were possible. The single-dose chemotherapy of bacterial cystitis in women is a new and different approach with several prerequisites: strict clinical indication; use of a microbiologically and pharmacokinetically appropriate agent whose effectiveness has been demonstrated by clinical trials; close clinical and microbiological follow-up after treatment. Amoxicillin, aminoglycosides and above all drugs with prolonged urinary excretion, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and notably fluoroquinolones (including pefloxacine), have proved to be effective as single-dose treatment of bacterial cystitis in women. In patients whose cystitis relapses at very short intervals, continuous or intermittent low-dose antibacterial prophylaxis may be contemplated, using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim alone or a quinolone. American authors have suggested, in some special cases, a patient-administered single-dose therapy at home as soon as the first signs of relapse appear.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Antibacterial activity of pefloxacin in the urine during the 7 days following a single 800 mg oral dose].

Antibacterial activity of pefloxacin was studied in the urine after a single 800 mg oral dose in ten healthy female volunteers. Urine was collected in 9 periods: 0-6 h, 6-12 h, 12-24 h, 24-28 h, 48-72 h, 72-96 h, 96-120 h, 120-144 h, 144-168 h. Pefloxacin concentrations were assayed in all samples by a microbiological method and by HPLC. Urine antibacterial activity was determined towards five bacterial strains isolated in urine: 2 E. Coli strains, one sensitive and the other resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal-A), 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal-B), 1 Staphylococcus saprophyticus and 1 Streptococcus faecalis; MIC's of pefloxacin against these strains were respectively 0.015, 0.25, 1, 0.50 and 2 micrograms/ml. Pefloxacin mean concentrations as determined by the microbiological method were 91.8 +/- 11.9, 71.7 +/- 7, 44.5 +/- 4.3, 24.4 +/- 4 and 5.4 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml in the five first urine samples; low levels were present in the urine until the 7th day in 8 volunteers. HPLC results completed the already known data concerning pefloxacin elimination and metabolism; unchanged pefloxacin was excreted at the highest concentration during the 6 first hours; then demethylpefloxacin was eliminated at higher levels than pefloxacin with a ratio of 2/1 after the 24th hour. These two compounds were detectable in the urine during 5 to 7 days; oxodemethylpefloxacin and N-oxyde-pefloxacin were present in lower amounts and during a shorter period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

A seroepidemiological survey in the Gezira, Sudan, with special reference to arboviruses.

A serological survey in the Gezira area of the Sudan confirmed that malaria and schistosomiasis were highly endemic. Of other parasitic infections amoebiasis was common but Toxoplasma was less than found in a previous survey. Poliomyelitis and measles infection were universal and there was an extremely high incidence of infection with hepatitis B. Of arboviruses infection with flaviviruses was frequent and more than with alphaviruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Biological activity of hepatitis B antigens in cell culture.

Direct interference by purified hepatitis B surface antigen or virus particles was not demonstrated in tissue culture. Significant levels of interferon were not induced. The surface antigen did not block the adsorption of other viruses.

Adsorption↗