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Biomedical subjects

I Burton

Publications and source records attributed to I Burton.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sample preparation procedures for biological atomic force microscopy.

Since the late 1980s, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been increasingly used in biological sciences and it is now established as a versatile tool to address the structure, properties and functions of biological specimens. AFM is unique in that it provides three-dimensional images of biological structures, including biomolecules, lipid films, 2D protein crystals and cells, under physiological conditions and with unprecedented resolution. A crucial prerequisite for successful, reliable biological AFM is that the samples need to be well attached to a solid substrate using appropriate, nondestructive methods. In this review, we discuss common techniques for immobilizing biological specimens for AFM studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Is oral azithromycin effective for the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in cardiac transplant recipients?

Anecdotal evidence suggests that azithromycin is effective for the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in solid-organ transplant recipients. We present the cases of two heart transplant patients who insidiously developed gingival hyperplasia, likely because of immunosuppression with cyclosporine, which was treated with azithromycin. Evidence supporting the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in solid organ transplant recipients was searched for, identified, and then critically assessed. While no data were found specifically evaluating azithromycin in cardiac transplant patients, there were nine pertinent papers identified that evaluated the clinical question of interest in the renal transplant population [Wahlstrom et al. (1995) The New England Journal of Medicine 332, 753; Boran et al. (1996) Transplantation Proceedings 28, 2316; Gomez et al. (1997) Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 12, 2694; Ljutic (1997) Dialysis & Transplantation 26, 787; Puig et al. (1997) Transplantation Proceedings 29, 2379; Nash et al. (1998) Transplantation 65, 1611; Nowicki et al. (1998) Annals of Transplantation 3, 25; Wirnsberger et al. (1998) Transplantation Proceedings 30, 2117; Citterio et al. (2001) Transplantation Proceedings 33, 2134]. These studies and case reports are summarized. While more evidence is required to support routine use of azithromycin for the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in cardiac transplant recipients, preliminary published evidence from renal transplant patients is certainly favourable.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Vigam-S, a solvent/detergent-treated intravenous immunoglobulin, in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

The efficacy of Vigam-S, a highly purified intravenous immunoglobulin, was investigated by an open, noncomparative study in 20 adults with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Fifteen patients responded to the initial 3-day infusion of 0.4 g kg(-1) day(-1) by exhibiting an incremental increase in platelet count of >or= 30 x 10(9) L(-1), in eight of whom platelet count normalized (> 150 x 10(9) L(-1)). The peak platelet count for responders on day 4 was 163 x 10(9) L(-1) (baseline = 18 x 10(9) L(-1)). No benefit was derived from an extra 2 days infusion in nonresponders. Further treatment (either a single 0.8 g kg(-1) dose or another 3-day infusion) given to responders when platelet counts fell below 30 x 10(9) L(-1) was effective on eight of 14 occasions. Increases in total serum IgG concentration (to a mean peak of 25.3 g L(-1)) were not correlated with platelet response. There was no evidence of seroconversion to virus markers, or of alteration in renal function, following Vigam-S infusion. Most adverse events were mild and transient; however, three patients had severe headache and vomiting (possible aseptic meningitis syndrome) and one had marked superficial thrombophlebitis. Therefore Vigam-S provides effective and well tolerated therapy in the management of adults with ITP although individual patient response remains difficult to predict.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of iron status in cystic fibrosis patients.

We investigated the use of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), together with more traditional measurements such as iron, transferrin and ferritin, to assess iron status in 70 adult cystic fibrosis patients. sTfR concentration was measured using particle-enhanced immunonephelometry. We found that 69% of subjects as determined by transferrin saturation had iron deficiency, but only 29% as determined by sTfR and 11% as determined by ferritin. We found a significant correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and both ferritin (r = 0.38, P = 0.0001) and transferrin saturation (r = -0.54, P < 0.0001). In addition, because the CRP concentration was elevated in 64% of subjects, we feel that the transferrin saturation was overestimating, and the ferritin underestimating, iron deficiency in these patients. The sTfR concentration, on the other hand, is unaffected by the acute-phase response and was therefore thought to be the most useful test for detecting iron deficiency in this group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Recurrence of Crohn's disease after primary excisional surgery.

The problems associated with recurrent Crohn's disease were examined in a series of 168 patients who had undergone primary resection for this condition at the General Infirmary at Leeds from 1939 to 1968 inclusive. The overall recurrence rate was 34.2%. The risk of recurrence was less in patients with involvement mainly of large bowel rather than small. It was also affected by the age of the patient, being greatest in children or adolescents, less in adults, and least in those over 60 years of age. Recurrent disease was most commonly found in the small bowel proximal to an anastomosis, and usually manifested itself either in the first year or two after surgery or some five to 15 years later. Patients with ;early' recurrence had a shorter history of symptoms at operation, and a graver outlook than those with ;late' recurrence. The status of recurrent cases was much better than might have been anticipated in so far as nearly 70% of them were considered at review to be in very good or good general health. Moreover the risk of further recurrence after a second or third operation was found to be no greater than after a first operation.

Adolescent↗