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Biomedical subjects

I Claesson

Publications and source records attributed to I Claesson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Detection of urographic scars in girls with pyelonephritis followed for 13-38 years.

We report the detection and progression of renal scars in girls prospectively followed from their first recognized urinary tract infection. There were 107 infection-prone subjects with a median age of 7.1 years at the first and 21.7 years at the last urography. Of 51 females who ultimately had lesions, 38 had established scars at the first urography. In 18 subjects, new scars were found in previously undamaged kidneys, 5 already with unilateral scarring. There had been a normal urography after the 5th birthday in 8 of those with later scarring. Worsening of scarring was seen in 10 of the 38 subjects with established scars. The renal damage was in most cases slight or moderate. By stepwise logistic regression analysis, grade of reflux and number of pyelonephritic attacks correlated with scarring, and number of pyelonephritic attacks with new scars and worsening of the lesions. In summary, of the females who ultimately had renal lesions, one-third developed new scars. In most of those with established scars at the first urography, the focal character of lesions suggests that most were also acquired. Since reflux and number of pyelonephritic attacks were identified as risk factors, prevention of renal deterioration should be possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Girls prone to urinary infections followed into adulthood. Indices of renal disease.

This study describes blood pressure and renal function, as well as indices of renal disease, in females with and without renal scarring followed from their first urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood. Of the 111 patients with a median follow-up time of 15 years, 54 had renal scarring (reflux nephropathy) on urography, which was severe in 19 and moderate in 35. The glomerular filtration rate was lower in patients with severe renal scarring and correlated with renal area on urography. However, the filtration rate was decreased below the lower reference limit in only 7 patients, with a lowest value of 70 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The diastolic blood pressure was higher in women with severe scarring. Hypertension of at least 140/90 mmHg was diagnosed in 3 of 54 (5.5%) females with renal scarring, 2 before and 1 at the follow-up examination. The excretion of albumin in urine was low and not correlated to filtration rate. Tubular enzymes in urine were similar in all groups. Thus the renal function was well preserved and the incidence of hypertension low. Within this range of renal function, the level of albumin in urine did not predict the degree of renal scarring.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1995

Urinary infection, reflux and renal scarring in females continuously followed for 13-38 years.

This study describes the pattern of urinary tract infections (UTI) in 87 females prospectively followed for a median of 23 years from their first recognized symptomatic infection in childhood. At 16 years of age they were selected for follow-up into adulthood because of renal scarring (reflux nephropathy) in 45 and recurrent UTI in 42. The attack rate (number of urinary tract infections per individual per observation year) was highest during the 1st year of life (1.9), with a gradual decrease to the lowest rate (0.2) at age 11-15 years. A moderately increased attack rate (0.4), was seen in the late teens, extending through to the mid twenties. The proportion of infections having a pyelonephritic character decreased with age and number of infection episodes, but not in females with severe renal scarring. Pyelonephritic infections were correlated with vesicoureteric reflux, and renal scarring to low age at the index infection, total number of pyelonephritic episodes and reflux. Females with renal scarring continued to have a high proportion of pyelonephritic recurrences after 10 years of age, implying that they risk progressive renal disease and should be closely followed into adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Radiologic findings in the kidney of children with severe reflux. Five-year comparative study of conservative and surgical treatment].

The renal findings revealed by intravenous urography (IVU) in 306 children (73 boys, 233 girls) are reported. The children were seen at eight European centres and enrolled in an international study comparing medical and surgical management of children with urinary tract infection and severe vesico-ureteric reflux who were followed for 5 years. In all, 155 children were randomly allocated to medical and 151 to surgical treatment. The protocol and the investigative techniques were standardized, and randomization, data collection and analysis were performed centrally in Essen, Federal Republic of Germany. At entry 149 (49%) had established renal scarring (79 medical, 70 surgical). Presence of normal kidneys (105), areas of thinned parenchyma (52) and grade of reflux were also evenly distributed. IVU was repeated at 6, 18 and 54 months, and serial urine culture, 99mtechnetium-dimer-captosuccinic acid scans and plasma creatinine estimations were performed. Follow-up was complete in 272 children (89%). In 174 children (57%: 90 medical, 84 surgical) there was renal growth without morphological change. New renal scars developed in 19 children treated medically and 20 treated surgically; 12 (5 medical, 7 surgical) developed in previously normal kidneys. Six followed postoperative obstruction. No significant difference in outcome was found between medical and surgical management in terms of the development of new renal lesions or the progression of established renal scars.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Five-year study of medical or surgical treatment in children with severe reflux: radiological renal findings. The International Reflux Study in Children.

The renal findings on intravenous urography (IVU) are reported in 306 children (73 boys, 233 girls) from eight European centres entered into an international study comparing medical and surgical management of children with urinary tract infection and severe vesico-ureteric reflux followed for 5 years. One hundred and fifty-five children were randomly allocated to medical and 151 to surgical treatment. Protocol and investigative techniques were standardised and randomisation, data collection and analysis were performed centrally in Essen, Germany. At entry 149 (49%) has established renal scarring (79 medical, 70 surgical). Children with normal kidneys (105), areas of thinned parenchyma (52) and grade of reflux were also evenly distributed. IVU was repeated at 6, 18 and 54 months and serial urine culture, 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans and plasma creatinine estimations were performed. Two hundred and seventy-two children (89%) completed this follow-up. In 174 children (57%), (90 medical, 84 surgical) there was renal growth without morphological change. New renal scars developed in 19 children treated medically and 20 surgically; 12 (5 medical, 7 surgical) developed in previously normal kidneys. Six followed post-operative obstruction. No significant difference in outcome was found between medical or surgical management in terms of the development of new renal lesions or the progression of established renal scars.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Effect of clean intermittent catheterisation on radiological appearance of the upper urinary tract in children with myelomeningocele.

Of the 102 consecutive children with myelomeningocele who were treated by intermittent catheterisation between 1977 and 1985, 89 were investigated with regard to the development of the upper urinary tract. The median follow-up period was 6.7 years. Dilatation and vesicoureteric reflux were assessed by means of repeated urography and voiding cystourethrography. Of the 49 children with normal radiology at the start of catheterisation, all but 2 remained normal. In 27 with isolated dilatation of the upper urinary tract or reflux at the start, 17 subsequently became normal. Dilatation together with reflux was seen in 13 patients at the start; 3 became normal, 4 still had reflux and in 6 patients both dilatation and reflux persisted. Intermittent catheterisation thus had a positive effect on the upper urinary tract in the vast majority of cases. In children with both dilatation and reflux, however, there is a risk of deterioration and they should be followed up closely.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Respiratory sequelae and lung function after whooping cough in infancy.

The lung function of 31 children, aged 6-13 years, who had whooping cough as infants and 32 control children matched for age, sex, and residence area were compared in a community based cohort study. Family history of obstructive airway disease, smoking habits in the family, atopy, and other background factors examined were similar in the two groups. The ratios of recalled repeated acute respiratory infections did not differ among the groups. Children in the control group were slightly more involved in physical activities. History of obstructive airway disease, findings on chest radiography, and distribution of immunoglobulin concentrations, including IgE, did not differ significantly. Lung function before and after exercise and after inhalation of salbutamol were not different. No impairment of small airways was detected. Our data do not support the hypothesis that whooping cough in itself is a causal factor for later obstructive respiratory disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Long-term follow-up of infants under intensive care with tracheotomy during the period 1956-1965.

Twenty-seven infants who survived intensive care during early infancy in the pioneering period of neonatal intensive care (1956-1965) were investigated after 8-17 years. The selection criterion was maintenance of a tracheotomy for more than 15 days during the first 12 months of life. A variety of clinical, physiological, radiological and psychiatric sequelae was found. Respiratory symptoms were the dominating problem during the post-tracheotomy period. The long-term follow-up revealed that these symptoms had a strong tendency to subside. At the time of the follow-up, as many as 20 children (74%) did not experience any functional impairment.

Child Development↗
PubMed1978

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VIII. Clinical course during a 3-year follow-up.

A 3-year follow-up of 116 schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria, treated or untreated is reported. It is concluded that bacteria isolated from girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria do not commonly cause symptomatic pyelonephritis and that the risk of developing renal damage as a result of asymptomatic bacteriuria in a schoolgirl with a roentgenographically normal urinary tract seems to be small. It is also suggested that for the majority of these patients therapy is not necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

IV. skeletal development from birth to 7 years.

The skeletal development of 212 randomly selected Swedish urban children has been investigated as part of a prospective longitudinal study of growth and development. Radiograms of the hand and wrist were taken at specified ages. Up to the age of seven years 2.191 radiograms were assessed. When comparing the timing of the first ossification of the various bones in the present study and an older Swedish investigation a secular trend was found. In contrast to a North-American growth study, there was a striking similarity of the pattern of the first ossification in the two Swedish investigations for both sexes separately. However, the relative sex differences of the ossification were quite similar in the North-American growth study and the present investigation. In comparison with British children the skeletal development of Swedish children was advanced at all ages, the advancement being greater for epiphyseal bones than for carpal bones.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1976

V. a new method for the assessment of skeletal maturity- the mat- method (mean appearance time of bone stages).

By means of probit analysis of the age at the appearance of the various bone stages according to Tanner-Whitehouse and using a logarithmic time concept (logarithmic conceptional age), a new approach to the evaluation of skeletal maturity has been elaborated. The maturity score of each bone stage corresponds to th4 mean maturity level of the observation of being within each stage. The individual maturity level is calculated by averaging the maturity scores of the stages of the various bones and is then evaluated is standard deviation scores by comparing with teh Gaussian fitted distribution of averages maturity scores of the age of the child examined. Special conditions apply for the scoring of a first and a last bone stage in a sequence, which will introduce less bias in the estimation of individual skeletal maturity with the MAT-method than with the TW-method. Ossification during early infancy can be evaluated and sequence polymorphism be detected by using the bone stage chart of the MAT-method.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of varying ultrasonic attenuation.

This paper aims to investigate a method of estimating the attenuation and its variation. It is treated as an estimation problem by using modelling techniques known from communication theory. The model includes magnitude and position of specular echoes, a random description of echoes from diffuse reflectors, and a parametric characterization of attenuation. By processing the observed signal only in the time domain, low complexity calculation algorithms are achieved. Results obtained using simulated data indicate that the method works well on both broad-band and narrow-band signals.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro effects of free 211At,211At-albumin and 211At-monoclonal antibody compared to external photon irradiation on two human cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to perform various 211At irradiations of importance for the evaluation of 211At-radioimmunotherapy, and compare the effect with that of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All irradiations were performed on low-concentration single-cell suspensions. Growth assays using 96-well plates were used to estimate apparent cell survival. Centrifuge tube filters were used to estimate the cell uptake and binding of 211At. RESULTS: A relative biological effect (RBE) of 12 +/- 2 (Colo-205) and 5.3 +/- 0.7 (OVCAR-3) was found from 211At-albumin irradiations. There was a 174 +/- 28 times higher free 211At concentration in the cell fraction than in the surrounding medium. For 211At-MAb, an 8,000-30,000 times higher concentration in the cell fraction was achieved, compared to the medium. Corrected for the uptake, an average of 31 +/- 2 ([211At]-astatine) or 26 +/- 5 ([211At]-MAb) decays per cell were required for 37% survival of Colo-205 cells. An average of 19 +/- 3 decays ([211At]-astatine) were required per OVCAR-3 cell. CONCLUSIONS: Cell uptake and binding of 211At was unexpectedly high, possibly favouring its therapeutic use. The binding is probably to the cell surface. The RBE is 5.3 +/- 0.7 for OVCAR-3 and 12 +/- 2 for Colo-205 cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cell growth kinetics of the human cell line Colo-205 irradiated with photons and astatine-211 alpha-particles.

Cell growth kinetics following Astatine-211 (211At, alpha-particle emitter) and photon irradiation were studied for the human colorectal cell line Colo-205. A growth assay using 96-well plates was chosen. The growth kinetics could be simulated by assuming certain fractions of cells with various proliferative capacities, i.e. from none up to 5 cell doublings, in addition to the defined survivors with remaining unlimited clonogenic capacity. No significant difference in cell growth characteristics was seen between 211At and photon irradiation. The cell doubling time, as calculated from the increment in optical density, was compared with the results from BrdU experiments in the early phases of growth (Tpot = 18.5 +/- 0.6 h for LDR (low dose rate) photon irradiated and 20.3 +/- 0.8 hours for sham-irradiated cells 40-45 hours post-irradiation) confirming the transient accelerated growth of irradiated cells. No statistically significant difference in growth was found between LDR, MDR (medium dose rate) and HDR (high dose rate) photon irradiation.

Alpha Particles↗