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Biomedical subjects

I Clausen

Publications and source records attributed to I Clausen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (orbital pseudotumors): diagnosis and therapy].

BACKGROUND: Pseudotumors of the orbit comprise a group of idiopathic inflammatory processes and are, except for endocrine orbitopathy, the most common reason for exophthalmos in adults. Orbital pseudotumors, also called idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (IOIS), can be determined from orbital involvement in systemic fibrosing diseases. Finding the correct diagnosis can be challenging. Due to the topographic relations of the orbit to neighbouring structures, a multidisciplinary cooperation is highly recommended. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 42-year-old woman with unilateral exophthalmos. Additionally we found impaired motility of the affected bulbus, ptosis and reduction of visual acuity. Orbital MR imaging demonstrated dense fibrotic masses filling the whole orbita including the extraocular muscles as well as the optic nerve. Tissue specimens were extracted while performing orbital decompression via a lateral orbitotomy. Histological examination revealed a lymphatic infiltration and fibrotically destroyed tissue containing the lacrimal gland. After surgical decompression, oral steroid therapy and immunotherapy, a recovery of the visual loss could be seen. CONCLUSIONS: Intraorbital fibrosclerosing pseudotumors often require a difficult long-term treatment. Therapeutic options are steroid therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. The diagnostic steps include blood tests, ultrasound, CT and/or MRI as well as histological differentiation. Solid tumors and orbital involvement in diseases of the hematopoetic system have to be excluded. Since intraorbital fibrosis can be accompanied by manifestations in various other organs, a complete investigation of the body and thorough follow up are crucial.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Conservative versus radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. A review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to analyse the fertility prognosis after conservative or radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: Index Medicus was searched for all attainable literature on the subject. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: A total of 40 scientific publications through the latest 40 years were selected. For fulfilling the selection criterias the study design should appear clearly. Furthermore the rate of women obtaining intrauterine pregnancy and the rate of repeat ectopic pregnancy following radical or conservative tubal surgery was to be compared using 95% confidence limits. The results from each report were compared in four groups according to study design i.e. retrospective non-comparing materials, retrospective comparing studies, prospective selected treatment series or prospective randomized comparing investigations. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Pooling the results from the retrospective noncomparing materials revealed that there was no significant difference in intrauterine pregnancy rates, i.e. 46% following conservative tubal surgery and 44% after radical surgery. The repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was 10% following conservative surgery and 15% after radical surgery. In the group of restrospective comparing studies only one of 15 materials could document a significant better intrauterine pregnancy rate after conservative tubal surgery than following radical treatment for tubal pregnancy. There were no differences either in this group in repeat ectopic pregnancy rates. Prospective investigations were almost exclusively represented by selected conservative treatment series. In these series the average intrauterine pregnancy rate was 57% and the repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was 13%. CONCLUSIONS: In studies on fertility after radical or conservative surgical treatment for tubal pregnancy no significant difference in intrauterine pregnancy rates or repeat ectopic pregnancy rates were found. Prospective selected treatment series demonstrated higher intrauterine pregnancy rates than retrospective studies. The repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was not raised in prospective series. No prospective randomised trial was found.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Stereomicroscopic demonstration of chorionic villi: differentiation between miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate direct peroperative stereomicroscopic examination of endometrial curettings in the differentiation between miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. DESIGN: A prospective consecutive controlled study. SETTING: Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty-nine women with vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain in early pregnancy and no fetus seen on ultrasound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of stereomicroscopy were compared with the histological diagnoses. RESULTS: There was 90% (95% CI, 84-94%) agreement between the stereomicroscopic and histological examinations. Fifteen per cent had an ectopic pregnancy. The sensitivity of stereomicroscopy as a marker of ectopic pregnancy was 92% (73-99%), the specificity 94% (88-97%). The predictive value of a positive test was 73% (54-88%) and that of a negative test 98% (94-100%). CONCLUSION: Direct peroperative stereomicroscopy of endometrial curettings is a valuable diagnostic tool for immediate differentiation between miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1992

Pseudotumors of the umbilical cord and fetal membranes.

Antenatally diagnosed pseudotumors, i.e. non-neoplastic tumors, of the umbilical cord and fetal membranes may when scanned by ultrasound have an appearance leading to misdiagnosis. In the present cases, a hematoma in the fetal membranes was interpreted as a chorioangioma, and a cystic mass inside the umbilical cord caused by degeneration of Wharton's jelly was regarded as an omphalomesenteric or allantoic cyst. The two cases are presented. Color Doppler evaluation seems advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Peritoneal endosalpingiosis.

Macroscopic significant peritoneal endosalpingiosis has been reported in 7 cases including the presented case. The former reported cases were associated with ovarian cysts in four cases of which two were malignant, and two cases were associated with endometriosis. In the presented case endosalpingiotic cysts were located in the upper abdominal cavity without evidence of pelvic disease. It is believed that the pathogenesis is metaplastic change of coelomic epithelium into tubal like epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Heterotopic pregnancy. The first case with an IUD in situ.

The first reported case of simultaneous tubal and intrauterine pregnancy in a women with an IUD in situ is presented. The incidence of combined pregnancies is estimated as 1 to 2 pr. 10,000 gestations. The risk of IUD using women for becoming combined tubal and intrauterine pregnant is calculated as 1:6,000,000 women years of use.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Repeated contralateral interstitial pregnancy.

A case of repeated contralateral interstitial pregnancy is presented in a woman with previous sterility. Biopsies from both uterine corners have later shown salpingitis isthmica nodosa. The etiology, symptoms and treatment are discussed based on the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Umbilical cord anomalies and antenatal fetal deaths.

Structural anomalies of the umbilical cord can affect the normal development of the fetus. These anomalies, i.e., single umbilical artery, absence of Wharton's jelly, embryonic remnants, in the umbilical cord or true neoplasmas, may each, in a different way, be connected with fetal abnormalities. In most instances the umbilical cord anomalies appear in normally developed infants. Antenatal fetal death by these infants has been reported mainly in case reports during the last century. This review therefore seeks to review information that is available on that subject.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Long-term prognosis of pregnancies in women with intrauterine hematomas.

To evaluate the long-term significance of intrauterine hematomas in patients with threatened abortion, 380 women with a living fetus of more than 8 weeks were studied. On ultrasound, intrauterine hematomas, defined as an echo-poor subchorionic collection, were found in 86 women. Two hundred ninety-four patients without hematomas served as controls. The rate of miscarriage was significantly increased in the study group (22.1 versus 8.2%; P less than .05). Patients discharged from the initial hospitalization without aborting still had a higher abortion risk than controls (16.3 versus 5.6%; P less than .05). Second-trimester debut of symptoms was followed more often by preterm delivery. Thus, patients with intrauterine hematomas continue to be a high-risk group for the remainder of their pregnancies.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Tubal pregnancy causing haematoma in intra-uterine pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound; a case report.

Combined intra- and extra-uterine gestations have been increasingly reported during the last few decades. Patients with a history of prior pelvic inflammatory disease and/or ovulation induction before pregnancy are thought to have greater risk for heterotopic gestations. We present a case of tubal pregnancy causing haematoma formation through the tube thus threatening a simultaneous intra-uterine pregnancy demonstrated by ultrasound scanning. The validity of serial ultrasound scannings is emphasized, and attention must be given for mutual heterotopic pregnancies by patients at risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Breech position, delivery route and congenital hip dislocation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip dislocation. In 13,559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in breech position, and the cesarean section rate was 39.1%. Eighty-three infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. There was no difference in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. The frequency of breech presentation in congenital hip dislocation was 13.3%. Including 7 external versions, the rate was 21.7%. Female to male ratio was 4:1. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and for infants born in breech presentation it was 18.9 per mille.

Breech Presentation↗
PubMed1987

Endometriosis in the groin.

Recently we found one case of endometriosis in the extraperitoneal part of the round ligament (EERL). We found 30 cases previously described in the literature. A comparison showed that 90% were right-sided and often associated with an inguinal hernia. Fertility seemed to be below normal. In four of the cases a laporotomy was done. All had intraperitoneal endometriosis. In cases of EERL and claimed sterility therefore, the presence of intraperitoneal endometriosis should also be considered.

Adnexa Uteri↗