One hundred and three patients undergoing biliary surgery have been entered in a randomized prospective trial for antibiotic prophylaxis. Fifty six received piperacillin (2 gr) and 47 tobramycin (100 mg). Cultures were taken from bile at operation and a clinical and microbiological assessment for infection was carried out postoperatively. Overall infection rate was significantly lower in the piperacillin group (P less than 0.05). The positive bile culture and wound infection rates were also lower in the piperacillin group, though this did not reach statistical significance. Anaerobic bacteria (three patients) and Streptococcus faecalis (one patient) were isolated in the tobramycin group. Overall postoperative infection rate was similar in patients with risk factors for infection and in those without. In conclusion, piperacillin did not significantly improve bile and wound infection rates compared to tobramycin. However piperacillin showed a more appropriate spectrum of activity. Antibiotic prophylaxis is suggested for all patients undergoing biliary surgery.

Bile↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the in vitro activity of enoxacin on bacterial strains recently isolated in a hospital milieu].

The in vitro activity of enoxacin, a new quinolone derivative, was tested against 2180 bacterial strains, recently clinically isolated, by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Comparisons were made with other drugs (flumequine, oxolinic acid, pipemidic acid) widely utilized for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Enoxacin showed the highest activity against all the tested strains, with a geometrical mean of MICs (MG) of 0.39 micrograms/ml and a MIC 50 and MIC 90 of 0.25 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the in vitro activity of cefotetan on bacterial strains of recent hospital isolation].

The in vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin antibiotic, was tested against 296 bacterial strains, recently clinically isolated, by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Comparisons were made with other drugs (cefoxitin, cefotaxime, piperacillin, rifampicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol) widely utilized for the treatment of nosocomial infections. Cefotetan showed the highest activity against all the tested strains, with a geometrical mean of MICs (MG) of 0.32 and a MIC 50 and MIC 90 of 0.12 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively.

Cefotaxime↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Iodination as a tool to study the structure of the protein hormones.

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Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of a rapid computerized method (Cobas-Bact) for the determination of in vitro sensitivity to antibiotic drugs].

426 strains recent clinically isolates have been investigated with respect to their sensitivity against several chemioantibiotics. Data obtained with the Bauer and Kirby standard agar diffusion method have been compared with those carried out by using a new computerized system (Cobas-Bact, Roche), which is able to perform antibiograms in five hours. The performance of Cobas-Bact has been very significative, since the overall major concordance between the two methods was higher than 94%.

Agar↗