PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to I Cunningham.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections by cell culture and two enzyme immunoassays detecting different chlamydial antigens.

The enzyme-amplified immunoassay IDEIA (CellTech Diagnostics), which measures lipopolysaccharide antigen, and Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.), which measures several antigenic components of Chlamydia trachomatis, were compared for specimens from urethral swabs from 235 men attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (culture prevalence of 14.9%) and 458 endocervical swabs from women attending planned parenthood and obstetrics-gynecology clinics (culture prevalences of 5.9 and 7.7%, respectively). Compared with cell culture, the percent sensitivites, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values for IDEIA were 62.5, 99.5, 95.2, and 94.3%, respectively, for specimens from men and 96.3, 97.9, 74.3, and 99.8%, respectively, for specimens from women; results for Chlamydiazyme for specimens from men were 81.8, 99.5, 96.4, and 97.1%, respectively, and for specimens from women, results were 85.2, 99.3, 88.5, and 99.1%, respectively. Although the specificities of IDEIA and Chlamydiazyme were comparable, the sensitivity of IDEIA appeared higher for women (96.3%) than for men (67.5%), while the sensitivities of Chlamydiazyme were similar for men (81.8%) and women (85.2%). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of the detector reagents from the two immunoassays indicated that the differences in performance observed for the two immunoassays may be due to measurement of different antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Acute promyelocytic leukemia: treatment results during a decade at Memorial Hospital.

Fifty-seven adult patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated between 1974 and 1984 with daunorubicin (DNR) or 4-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfan-m-anisidide (AMSA) in combination with arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) and 6-thioguanine (TG); they also received prophylactic heparin. Forty-one patients (72%) achieved complete remission (CR), including 11 of 12 patients who received the AMSA-containing regimen. The incidence of early fatal hemorrhage was 14%, lower than that of earlier studies or other published reports. Elevated WBC and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels at diagnosis were associated with an increased incidence of life-threatening hemorrhage and shorter remission duration. Advanced age was an unfavorable prognostic factor for male patients. Both DNR and AMSA in combination protocols are effective treatments for APL. The incidence of CR is similar to that achieved in other types of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) with the same protocols, but the median duration of remission is significantly longer in APL (24 v 9 months) and the percentage of remissions longer than 60 months is also higher in APL (35% v 5%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation successfully treated with the combination of ganciclovir and high-dose intravenous immune globulin.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the combination of the antiviral agent ganciclovir (9-1,3 dihydroxy-2-propoxymethylguanine) and high-dose intravenous immune globulin for treating cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. DESIGN: Nonrandomized prospective trial of combined treatment with two drugs; findings in these patients were compared with those in control patients treated with either of the two drugs alone. SETTING: Medical, pediatric, and intensive care units of a tertiary-care cancer treatment center. PATIENTS: Consecutive cases of 10 patients in the study group and of 11 patients in a historical control group with evidence of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation for treatment of leukemia or congenital immune deficiency. INTERVENTIONS: Study Group (10 patients): ganciclovir, 2.5 mg/kg body weight, three times daily for 20 days, plus intravenous immune globulin, 500 mg/kg every other day for ten doses. Patients were then given ganciclovir, 5 mg/kg.d three to five times a week for 20 more doses, and intravenous immune globulin, 500 mg/kg twice a week for 8 more doses. Control Group (11 patients): ganciclovir alone (2 patients), 5 mg/kg twice a day for 14 to 21 days; cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin (5 patients), 400 mg/kg.d for 10 days; and intravenous immune globulin (4 patients), 400 mg/kg.d for 10 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Responses were observed in all patients treated with combination therapy; 7 of 10 patients were alive and well, and had no recurrence of disease at a median of 10 months after therapy. No therapeutic benefit was observed, and none of the 11 patients treated with either ganciclovir or intravenous immune globulin alone survived (P = 0.001 by Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Ganciclovir, when combined with high-dose intravenous immune globulin, appears to have significantly altered the outcome of patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with poor-prognosis lymphoma.

Review of prognostic factors at Memorial Hospital in New York City has shown that adult patients with large-cell lymphoma (diffuse histiocytic lymphoma by Rappaport classification) who have high lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and/or bulky mediastinal or abdominal disease are destined to do poorly with conventional combination chemotherapy, with a 2-year disease-free survival of about 20%. Patients who relapse after conventional combination chemotherapy have a similar poor prognosis. Thirty-one such patients with lymphoma were studied to evaluate the efficacy of intensive radiotherapy (hyperfractionated total body irradiation [TBI] [1,320 rad]), and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d for two days) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Our results show a disease-free survival advantage (P = .002) for 14 patients who underwent ABMT immediately after induction of remission with 79% surviving at a median follow-up 49.2+ months, compared with a median survival of 5.2 months for 17 patients administered ABMT while in relapse and/or after failing conventional treatment. Our results support the use of aggressive therapy as early treatment for patients with poor prognostic features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cultivation of the life cycle stages of Trypanosoma brucei sspp.

A culture system was devised for the production of the various stages in the developmental cycle of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. rhodesiense. The bloodstream forms were grown at 37 degrees C on a feeder layer of fibroblasts from embryos of Microtus montanus or CD-1 mice in HEPES-buffered Minimum Essential Medium with Earle's salts, supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated rabbit serum. When they were transferred to HEPES-buffered Cunningham's medium and incubated at 27 degrees C, they transformed into procyclic trypomastigotes, some of which developed into epimastigote and metacyclic forms in the presence of explants of Glossina morsitans or Phormia regina. Stages infective to mice were produced in cultures of procyclic forms grown with Anopheles gambiae cells in medium consisting of a mixture of 3 volumes of Cunningham's medium and 1 volume of Anopheles cell medium. In vitro-produced metacyclic trypanosomes were used to initiate cultures of bloodstream forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Studies on the development of metacyclic Trypanosoma brucei sspp. cultivated at 27 degrees C with insect cell lines.

When transformed procyclic trypanosomes of three stocks of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and one stock of T.b. rhodesiense were grown at 27 degrees C in 25-cm2 flasks containing Anopheles gambiae cells, some of them developed into forms infective for mice. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions revealed that up to 2.8 X 10(5) metacyclic forms per ml could be produced, and the cultures remained infective for varying periods of up to 72 days when they were terminated. Of the various culture media tested, a mixture of three volumes of trypanosome medium and one volume of Anopheles medium was the most successful. Control cultures of trypanosomes grown in medium without cells were generally not infective, but two of the stocks gave rise to a few sporadic infections. Trypanosome populations could be subpassaged in the Anopheles cell cultures without loss of infectivity. Metacyclic forms separated from infective cultures by DEAE-cellulose columns had a surface coat.

Aedes↗
PubMed1987

Small cell anaplastic carcinoma: cytological-histological correlations from percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Small cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCAC) is usually treated non-surgically and, therefore, diagnosis is best done by the least invasive means. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy is very accurate in diagnosing malignancy and reasonably accurate in diagnosing malignant cell type. An unequivocal cytological diagnosis of SCAC has a positive predictive value of 0.90 at our institution. The accuracy is lowered by uncertain or suggestive cytological diagnoses.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of stages I and II Hodgkin's disease with three different therapeutic modalities.

Since 1969, 184 previously untreated and evaluable adult patients with Hodgkin's disease, staged as I (43) or II (141), have been treated. Eighty patients were part of the National Hodgkin's Disease Study, randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy to either an involved (39) or extended field (41). In a subsequent single-arm study, 104 patients were treated with involved-field radiotherapy preceded and followed by three cycles of MOPP chemotherapy. Median durations of follow-up have been 172, 172, and 92 months, for the involved-field radiotherapy, extended-field radiotherapy, and MOPP plus involved-field radiotherapy treatment groups, respectively. Although significant differences among the three treatment groups were observed with respect to disease-free survival (p less than 0.001), only the group of patients treated with involved-field radiotherapy had a statistically significant decline in overall survival as compared with the two other treatment groups (p less than 0.001). Moreover, patients who underwent clinical staging and were treated with MOPP plus involved-field radiotherapy had significantly prolonged disease-free survival compared with those who underwent surgical staging and were treated with extended-field radiotherapy (p less than 0.001). One of the patients who received MOPP plus involved-field radiotherapy had subsequent development of acute monocytic leukemia, and another had refractory anemia with excess blasts. One instance of diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma was also observed. Acute monocytic leukemia developed in another patient treated with involved-field radiotherapy. The rates of amenorrhea in the group treated with MOPP plus involved-field radio-therapy were 9.6 percent and 78.5 percent for female patients younger and older than 30 years of age, respectively. Despite the universal azoospermia ensuing after MOPP plus involved-field radiotherapy, in three patients whose sperm counts were checked sequentially for 26 to 53 months after treatment, evidence of spermatogenesis was observed. Three patients with remission of Hodgkin's disease after involved-field (two) and extended-field (one) radiotherapy died from cardiovascular disease that could only be attributed to the prior radiotherapy. Although further follow-up evaluation will be required to determine the impact of the three different treatment modalities on survival and long-term toxicity, MOPP plus involved-field radiotherapy appears to be superior to involved-field or extended-field radiotherapy alone in achieving prolonged disease-free survival without significant leukemogenic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Infectivity of Trypanosoma rhodesiense cultivated at 28 degrees C with various tsetse fly tissues.

Metacyclic trypanosomes developed in populations of procyclic forms of four stocks of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense cultivated at 28 degrees C in a liquid medium containing explants of tsetse fly head-salivary glands, alimentary tract, abdominal body wall, or thoracic muscle. The cultures became infective for mice 7-16 days after they were prepared, and infective trypanosomes were present for prolonged periods. In the culture series of stock TRUM 545, infectivity persisted for 138 days when the cultures were terminated. Only one explant of thoracic muscle tissue was required for the production of metacyclic stages in stock TRUm 497 cultures. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions from cultures of stocks TRUM 497, TRUM 454, and TRUm 567 revealed that only a small proportion of the culture population was infective. Using stock TRUM 530, mice were infected consistently from inoculations of trypanosomes grown in the presence of explants; infectivity of the trypanosomes eased when the explants were removed from the flasks, but reappeared when they were returned to the cultures. Parasites grown in medium "conditioned" by explants produced sporadic infections in mice. The control cultures of trypanosomes grown in medium alone were generally not infective, but two of the stocks produced occasional parasitemias. Stained samples of infective inocula contained a few epimastigote-like and metacyclic-like trypanosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Development of metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei sspp. in cultures containing explants of Phormia regina Meigen.

When procyclic trypanosomes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense were cultivated in Nunclon 25 cm2 flasks at 27 C in a liquid medium containing various tissue explants of Phormia regina Meigen, some of them developed into forms infective for mice. The infective stages were present at various periods of up to 29 days when the cultures were terminated. Larger numbers of explants of head-salivary glands than the other tissues used were required to produce infections. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions of T. b. brucei TRUM 252 and T. b. rhodesiense TRUM 497 indicated that only a small proportion of the populations was infective. Mice were rarely infected with trypanosomes grown in medium without explants. Only 1 mouse of the 11 inoculated developed a parasitemia from a control culture of T. b. rhodesiense TRUM 545. A few trypanosomes resembling epimastigotes and metacyclic forms were seen in stained samples of infective inocula.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Demography↗
PubMed1981

The use of culture-derived metacyclic trypanosomes in studies on the serological relationships of stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

Metacyclic trypanosomes of five stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were produced in vitro in tsetse head-salivary gland explant cultures and used to infect rabbits. Sera were collected from the rabbits and monitored by agglutination tests for antibody production to nine serotype antigens of T. b. gambiense. In the case of a Nigerian stock of T. b. gambiense the sequences of antibody production were found to be similar in animals infected with the stock transmitted by tsetse flies and from culture. Many similarities were also found between the patterns of antibody production in rabbits infected with stocks of T. b. gambiense from Senegal, Nigeria, Zaire and Uganda. The occurrence of similar serotypes in geographically different stocks of T. b. gambiense provides further support for continuing efforts to develop improved serodiagnostic tests for sleeping sickness based on variable trypanosome antigens and to find techniques for immunoprophylaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cultivation of infective forms of Trypanosoma congolense from trypanosomes in the proboscis of Glossina morsitans.

Two stocks of Trypanosoma congolense were established in culture at 28 degrees C using trypanosomes from the proboscides of infective Glossina morsitans. Successful primary cultures were initiated by placing an infected tsetse proboscis beside a bovine dermal collagen explant in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with foetal calf serum. The trypanosomes multiplied rapidly in the medium and also gradually formed an adherent layer o the plastic surface of the culture vessel. Three primary cultures produced organisms infective for mice from 14, 20 and 35 days after initiation and thereafter continuously until days 76, 76 and 52 when they were discarded. Four attempts to initiate infective cultures using infected tsetse proboscides in medium without dermal explants were unsuccessful. When trypanosomes from primary cultures were placed in culture medium with proboscides from uninfected tsetse flies, the parasites multiplied, formed an adherent layer in the culture flasks and were seen in the proboscides within 24 h. A line of 1 stock was serially sub-passaged in this way 4 times during a period of 215 days. Infectivity titrations in mice indicated that primary and sub-passaged cultures each contained similar numbers of infective organisms. Another line of the same stock was also sub-passaged 4 times in medium alone over a period of 186 days. These sub-cultures again retained infectivity for mice, but titrations showed a decrease in infective organism production in the 4th sub-culture. Primary and sub-passaged cultures all included a variety of morphologically different developmental forms of T. congolense, closely resembling those described in the labrum and hypopharynx of Glossina by previous workers. Short metacyclic-like trypanosomes and organisms with proteinaceous surface coats were present in infective cultures. Cultures were successfully re-established after cryopreservation at -196 degrees C and retained the ability to produce infective organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Infectivity of monomorphic and pleomorphic trypanosoma brucei stocks cultivated at 28 C with various tsetse fly tissues.

Noninfective procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei stocks derived from the pleomorphic EVE 10 were cultivated at 28 C in Cunningham's liquid medium in the presence of head-salivary gland, alimentary tract, and abdominal body wall explants of Glossina morsitans morsitans. After 8 to 10 days of cultivation some of the procyclic forms transformed into metacyclic stages infective for mice. Infectivity persisted for varying periods up to 66 days, when the experiments were terminated. Only 10 explants of alimentary tract or abdominal body wall tissues were required in the flasks to render the culture infective for most of the mice inoculated. Similar trypanosome suspensions grown with 10 head-salivary gland explants produced an infection on only one occasion. Cultures of procyclic organisms derived from the monomorphic stock 427 grown inthe presence of all three types of tsetse fly explants produced only sporadic infections in mice. Metacyclic forms failed to develop in trypanosome populations of stock EVE 10 cultivated at 28 C in the liquid medium alone or supplemented with mouse embryo tissues.

Animals↗