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Biomedical subjects

I Denham

Publications and source records attributed to I Denham.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Symptoms of non-gonococcal urethritis in heterosexual men: a case control study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine microbial and behavioural factors contributing to non-gonococcal urethral symptoms in men. METHODS: Case-control study of heterosexual men with non-gonococcal urethral symptoms (cases) and without urethral symptoms (controls) attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia. Sexual behaviour and condom use were measured by questionnaire. First stream urine was tested for potential pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis (ligase chain reaction), Mycoplasma genitalium (polymerase chain reaction, PCR), Ureaplasma urealyticum (culture and PCR), and Streptococcus spp, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Haemophilus species (culture). Urethral smears from cases were examined for polymorphonuclear leucocytes. RESULTS: 80 cases and 79 controls were recruited over 4 months in 2002-3. 49 cases (61%) had urethritis by microscopic criteria, 17 (21%) had Chlamydia trachomatis (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4 to 222)), five (6%) had Mycoplasma genitalium (OR 6.1 (95% CI: 0.6 to 61)), and 11 (14%) had Gardnerella vaginalis (OR 9.0 (95% CI: 1.6 to 52)). Other organisms were not significantly associated with urethral symptoms. The presence of urethritis on urethral smear did not predict the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 1.7 (95% CI: 0.5 to 5.4)). Urethral symptoms were significantly associated with unprotected vaginal sex with more than one casual partner (OR 9.3 (95% CI: 1.3 to 65)) and unprotected anal sex with a regular partner in the past month (OR 3.5 (95% CI: 1.0 to 13)). CONCLUSION: Gardnerella vaginalis and unprotected anal sex may cause symptoms of non-gonococcal urethritis. Microscopy of the urethral smear to diagnose urethritis in this population does not help to identify which men with urethral symptoms require treatment for chlamydia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Psychosocial impact of type-specific herpes simplex serological testing on asymptomatic sexual health clinic attendees.

The usefulness of type-specific testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is much debated with proponents arguing for likely change in the sexual behaviour of asymptomatic carriers and opponents suggesting that testing may have significant adverse psychological impact while not promoting behaviour change. In the present study we examine the impact of HSV-2 serological testing on psychological well-being, self-esteem, anxiety, sexual self-perceptions and sexual practices among a sample of 180 clients of a sexual health clinic. Of the participants, 21 (11.7%) were HSV-2 positive at entry to the study. No adverse psychological consequences of a positive test were observed among those participants followed for 3 months (n=124) or for 6 months (n=97). There was little significant change observed in sexual behaviour although a general but not significant pattern of decreased sexual behaviour with casual partners was observed among participants who tested HSV-2 negative. While supportive of the value of HSV-2 testing, these findings require replication in larger samples and different populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Detection of herpes simplex virus in genital specimens by type-specific polymerase chain reaction.

Viral isolation is the standard method for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in clinical specimens. This study describes the development of a type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection and typing of HSV-1 and HSV-2, and a comparison of its sensitivity with that of isolation in a clinical setting. Specimens from patients presenting with genital ulcers were tested for the presence of HSV by both methods. Oligonucleotide primers were selected to enable type-specific amplification of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA. Conditions were optimized to allow detection and typing from a single reaction tube using a multi-primer PCR method. When compared with PCR, the sensitivity of isolation was 67% and the specificity 97%. This protocol allowed rapid, sensitive and accurate detection and typing of HSV with a single PCR assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sexually transmitted infections.

It should be remembered that sexually transmitted infections may present with symptoms and signs not immediately referable to the genital tract. All practitioners should be aware of the changes in incidence and prevalence of these important infections.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Ticrynafen and hydrochlorothiazide. A comparison in hypertensive patients with renal impairment.

The efficacy of ticrynafen in the treatment of hypertension in patients with moderate renal impairment was compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide in a randomised, double-blind crossover trial in eleven subjects with renal insufficiency. Significant reductions in blood pressure occurred with both treatments, with the maximum responses occurring at different time intervals and to different degrees in individual patients. Thus, although ticrynafen caused a significant reduction in blood pressure in this group of hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency, it was not consistently different from that which could be achieved with hydrochlorothiazide. Ticrynafen also significantly reduced the serum uric acid concentration, compared with a significant rise with hydrochlorothiazide. No major biochemical abnormalities or side-effects were encountered in any subject. Thus, in these patients with renal insufficiency, ticrynafen still demonstrated a uricosuric effect as well as a useful anti-hypertensive action.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary paragonimiasis in an immigrant from Laos.

A chest X-ray film, taken in a refugee camp in Thailand six months before a 25-year-old Laotian farmer arrived in Australia, demonstrated lesions which were assumed to be tubercular. Despite antituberculous chemotherapy, the lesions continued to grow. On the man's arrival in Australia, cytological examination of bronchial washings showed the presence of numerous Paragonimus ova, and the patient received treatment with praziquantel. Paragonimiasis should be suspected in a Southeast-Asian refugee who presents with a pulmonary lesion which is similar to that of tuberculosis.

Adult↗