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Biomedical subjects

I E Galakhov

Publications and source records attributed to I E Galakhov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Monitoring of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in native and non-native males of Yakutsk over 40 years.

We have analyzed the development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis over 40 years in native and non-native males of Yakutsk by comparing the data obtained in 1963-1965, 1985-1987 and 2001-2003. The research was carried out in compliance with the WHO program for the atherosclerosis epidemiology studies using autopsy material. Subjects (361 natives and 692 non-natives) included in the research died of external causes at the age of 20-59 years and had no history of chronic diseases, which was confirmed by post-mortem examination. The prevalence and the extent of raised atherosclerotic lesions (fibrous plaques, complicated lesions and calcinosis) in the aorta and coronary arteries were determined by visual planimetry after staining with Sudan IV. An accelerated development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis was revealed in both populations throughout the entire period of 40 years with more severe manifestations in non-native males. The severity of atherosclerosis increased considerably in native and non-native males aged over 40 years. The rate of the increase in the extent of raised atherosclerotic lesions tended to be greater in native than in non-native males.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Evolution of atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries in practically healthy men in Moscow for a 40-year period].

AIM: To assess 40 years evolution of atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries among practically healthy Moscow men. METHODS: We compared results of 2 studies of prevalence and extent (area) of atherosclerotic lesions in thoracic and abdominal aorta and 2 main coronary arteries. The studies were conducted in 1963-1965 and 2002-2003 according to WHO program. RESULTS: Prevalence of coronary artery stenoses as well as prevalence and area of raised lesions in these arteries were higher among violent death victims studied in 2002-2003. Raised lesions in both parts of aorta and in left anterior descending coronary artery were more pronounced also in men studied in 2002-2003.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hyperplasia of coronary intima in young males in relation to development of coronary heart disease in adults.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the investigation was to study structural features of coronary arteries in young males which may influence the development of stenosing coronary atherosclerosis in older age. We studied the coronary arteries from 84 males, 10-39 years old, who died from accidents in Moscow, Malmo and Riga, and 98 males aged 40 and above from Moscow who died from coronary heart disease (71 cases) or other diseases (27 cases). In children and young males from all three cities, musculo-elastic hyperplasia of the coronary intima took place constantly but with different degrees of expression; a strict relationship of the intimal thickness and age was observed. Histometric investigations of the right coronary artery showed that in young males of Riga, in comparison with those of Malmo, the intima was significantly thicker both outside (69.6+/-2.8 and 58. 2+/-2.5 microm) and within the area of cushion like thickening (118. 8+/-4.0 and 101.9+/-3.8 microm), they had more extended cushion-like thickening of intima (42.6+/-3.0 and 30.8+/-3.3% to the length of the artery circumference) and destroyed parts of the internal elastic lamina (28.3+/-1.9 and 19.1+/-1.7% of its length). In males older than 40 years, severe coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis was also significantly more common in Riga than in Malmo. Our data indicate that with age the intimal musculo-elastic hyperplasia in the coronary arteries is transformed to a fibro-elastic layer. The thickness of this layer in the presence of stenosing plaques (>75% of arterial lumen) was much greater than in the presence of plaques with stenoses less than 50% (188.1+/- 7.3 and 69.8+/-4.5 microm, respectively). CONCLUSION: The development of stenosing coronary atherosclerosis is closely related to the degree of musculo-elastic intimal hyperplasia in childhood and young age. The formation of a fibro-elastic layer in the coronary intima decreases the ability of the artery to dilate during the development of atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Development of atherosclerosis over a 25 year period: an epidemiological autopsy study in males of 11 towns.

We conducted an analysis of the data from two epidemiological autopsy studies of atherosclerosis in men aged 20-59 years in 1963-66 (the first study, 7470 cases) and in 1985-88 (the second study, 9600 cases). The investigations were performed in accordance with a special program of the World Health Organization in 11 town populations: Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan), Bishkek (Kirgizstan), Irkutsk and Yakutsk (Russia), Malmo (Sweden), Prague (Czech Republic), Riga (Latvia), Tallinn and Tartu (Estonia), and Kharkov and Yalta (Ukraine). Native and non-native populations were studied separately in Ashkhabad, Bishkek, and Yakutsk. Atherosclerosis was studied by the visual morphometrical method in the descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta and three main coronary arteries. In each vessel the prevalence and extent (percent of intimal surface) of fatty streaks, fibrous plaques, complicated, calcified and also raised lesions (all lesions except fatty streaks) were determined. Coronary stenosis was estimated in arteries as narrowed by more than 50%. Accelerated development of coronary atherosclerosis, especially in the 40-59 year age group, was noted in the second study in the male populations of most towns except Prague and Malmo. In Prague the extent of raised lesions in coronary arteries was practically the same in both studies, in Malmo it decreased in the second study. Aortic atherosclerosis also accelerated the rate of progression in all towns except Prague, where significant differences were not observed between the studies. Accelerated development of atherosclerosis in male populations from towns of Asia was combined with an increase of fatty streaks in all vessels, while in European populations it was not so obvious. In the native populations of Ashkhabad, Bishkek and Yakutsk, atherosclerosis was much less than in non-natives in both studies. In natives of these towns, accelerated development of atherosclerosis begins only from 40 years, in non-natives from 30. For the second study, there was typically an increase of the prevalence and extent of calcified lesions that were combined with an increased prevalence of coronary stenosis in all towns. The average percentage of stenosis in the coronary left anterior descending artery for men of 40-59 years of age was 12% in the first study and 24.9% in the second; for the coronary right artery, 7.4 and 13.8%, respectively. In accordance with findings of more severe atherosclerosis in males in most towns in the second study, there was an increase in the frequency of death from coronary heart disease in the second study in these towns. The data of this study indicate that the development of atherosclerosis in human populations may change very much in the course of the life of one generation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Trends in 25-year evolution of coronary atherosclerosis in males fom some cities of Europe and Asia].

AIM: Detection of changes in the course of coronary atherosclerosis (CA) which took place for 25 years of observation in male population in different cities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiological surveys of coronary AS by autopsy data according to WHO program were conducted in 1963-1966 (trial 1) and 1985-1989 (trial 2) in 9 cities: Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan), Bishkek (Kirghizia), Irkutsk, Yakutsk (Russia), Riga (Latvia), Tallinn, Tartu (Estonia), Kharkov, Yalta (Ukraine), Malme (Sweden), Prague (Czechia). The surveys enrolled males aged 20-59 years: 7470 males entered trial 1 and 9600 entered trial 2. AS was assessed visually-plan-imetrically in the three major coronary arteries (CA). By the data from Ashkhabad, Bishkek, Irkutsk, Kharkov, Yakutsk, AS in healthy males was also characterized. RESULTS: In 9 CIS countries' cities CS for 25 years has undergone noticeable changes: according to trial 2 atherosclerotic process accelerated, especially in males over 40, in healthy males as well. CA AS had the same features in both trials in Prague and was less pronounced in males from Malme. National differences between native population and immigrants in AS were evident in Ashkhabad, Bishkek and Yakutsk in both trials. In trial 2 CA stenoses were encountered more frequently in all the cities under study. Coronary arteries were more calcified. There was a direct relationship between severity of preatherosclerotic CA changes in young males (20-39-year-old) and speed of AS progression in older males. CONCLUSION: For 25 years there was a tendency to more severe course of coronary AS in CIS countries, in Prague males AS has undergone minimal changes, in Malme the situation with AS severity has improved. Severity of AS in males from different cities and CHD male mortality were correlated.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Changes in the course of atherosclerosis occurring over a 25-year period in the male population of 9 cities of the CIS and Baltic countries].

The trends in atherosclerosis presentation were followed up pathomorphologically in a two-stage epidemiological survey performed in 9 cities of CIC and Baltic states at 25-year interval. The investigations were conducted in accordance with WHO program. Stage 1 (1963-1968) covered 6121 cases, stage 2 (1985-1989) included 9201 cases. The material was collected on the condition of aortas and coronary arteries from 20-59-year-old males who were residents of the cities of Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Tallin, Tartu, Riga, Kharkov, Yalta, Ashkhabad, Bishkek. The 2-stage examinations gave evidence for growing severity of atherosclerosis. Risk factor analysis demonstrated an increase in the percentage of males with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, in the percentage of overweight males and of those with atherosclerosis engaged in mental work. It is found that atherosclerosis undergoes changes within the life of one generation (for 20-25 years).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Morphometric characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis in different ethnic groups of Andizhan population].

A gross morphometric study of coronary atherosclerosis was performed in 554 native males aged 20-59 years and 142 migrant males of the same age from Andizhan according to the WHO Expert Programme (Bull, WHO, 1976, vol. 53, p. 485). The migrants over 40 years displayed a greater extent of atherosclerosis (except lipid streaks) than did the natives; but there were small differences between the comparable groups of young persons under 40 years. A histometric study of the coronary arteries was made in 81 apparently healthy males indicated that fine-dropped (mainly intracellular) lipid deposits were more common in the natives, mixed (fine- and coarse-dropped) and coarse-dropped lipid deposits occurring with cell breakdown were seen in the migrants. The thickness of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries was greater in the migrants. Varying degrees of coronary intimal hyperplasia were found in individuals from the comparable ethnic groups. The hyperplasia was more profound in the migrants. There was a direct relationship between its degree and the development of atherosclerotic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Age-related dynamics of aortic atherosclerosis of various ethnic groups of the male population of Andizhan].

Quantitative study of the aortic atherosclerosis was performed in 587 males of the indigenous (IP) and in 149 males of non-indigenous population (NIP) at the age of 20 to 59 years in the city of Andizhan according to the WHO program. The course of atherosclerosis was more severe in NIP persons although at the age of up to 40 years the differences in the mean surface of atherosclerotic changes were lacking. The surface of lipid spots was similar in both groups or was somewhat lower in NIP, but these spots in NIP persons were thicker and contained more foam cells and more areas of diffuse lipid deposition. The rate of the surface increase of prominent lesions drastically increased in the 5th decade of life in both groups. The frequency of rhythmical structures in the aorta was the same in both groups; their incidence was higher in cases of pronounced atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Structure of aortic lipid spots in two ethnic groups of the Yakutsk population].

Histometric study of aortic lipid spots (LS) in males of both ethnic groups who died of incidental causes at the age of 20-39 showed a decrease of the lipid-containing smooth muscle cells number (SMC), an increase of the foam cell (FC) number and extracellular lipids, retraction of the non-lipid zone surface in LS in proportion with their thickening. LS on the aorta with fibrous plaques in both Yakuts and Russians are characterized by the accumulation of FC, extracellular lipids and by their trend to the thickening as compared to LS in the aorta without fibrous plaques. Thick aortic LS in Russians with a predominant accumulation of FC in the superficial and intermediate layers are the most probable precursors of the atherosclerotic plaque.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Age-related dynamics of aortic atherosclerosis in males of Riga].

The epidemiological autopsy study of 1338 men in Riga aged 20-59 was repeated 20-25 years after the first similar investigation. Aortas were stained with Sudan IV and atherosclerotic lesions were graded by visual-planimetric method. It was the significant growth, with age, of all kinds of lesions except lipoid streaks, having the most prominent increase in men aged 40-49. In the abdominal aorta the extent of lesions was significantly higher than in the thoracic aorta beginning from the fourth decade of life. Significant increase of various lesions in aorta was observed in the same male population 20-25 years after the first examination. The tendency to the earlier transition of fibrous plaques into more severe forms of atherosclerosis (complicated lesions and calcinosis) is noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Modern methods for the instrumental diagnosis of intracavitary thrombosis of the left ventricle in myocardial infarct].

To study the sensitivity and specificity of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricle thrombosis which often attends myocardial infarction and to define diagnostic potentialities of the new research methods (digital subtraction ventriculography and MR tomography), 449 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction were examined. Based on the comparison of the echocardiographic readings and morbid anatomy data it has been shown that the sensitivity of two-dimensional echocardiography in revealing left ventricle thrombosis amounts to 89%, specificity to 88%. Digital subtraction ventriculography has a lower (77%) sensitivity, with the specificity being satisfactory enough (88%). Meanwhile MR tomography enables a highly precise diagnosis of left ventricle thrombosis and can be used as a supplementary diagnostic method in questionable cases and in thrombi small in size or in unsatisfactory ultrasonic visualization of the heart structures.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1990

[The determination of ventricular myocardial mass by magnetic resonance tomography].

MR-tomography (MRT) was used to investigate 10 isolated hearts from patients who died of various cardiovascular diseases. The purpose was to study the accuracy of MRT for determination of the myocardial mass (MM) of the left and right ventricles. MM was calculated using Simpson's method and the "area-length" formula. The first method demonstrated a high correlation of MRT results with autopsy findings with relation to the left, right ventricles and the interventricular septum (r = 0.98, 0.88, 0.85, respectively). The accuracy of the second method was also very high (r = 0.96 with relation to the left ventricle), however great scattering of MM values with relation to true values was noted. MRT can serve as a highly informative method in the evaluation of the ventricular MM and the time course of its changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Histopathology of the myocardium in cases of sudden coronary death without myocardial infarct and postinfarct cardiosclerosis].

231 cases of sudden coronary death of men aged 30-59 were studied; in 138 cases no focal cardiosclerosis of myocardium was observed; in 93 cases there were only few focuses less than 0.5 cm on diameter. In 83.2% of cases severe stenosis of coronary arteries (over 75%) was determined; it occurred more often in subjects aged 30-39 than in older persons. In all the cases myocardial lesions could be found out by dying the cuts with iron hematoxylin by the method of Rego and by investigation in polarized light. Contracture-altered segments of muscle fibers were often combined with hyper-relaxed segments, though in some cases one type alterations prevailed. Other cardiomyocyte alterations (vacuolization, hypertrophy, nucleus polymorphism, windings, fragmentation and so on) were more often in sudden coronary death than in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Myocardial hypertrophy, arterial hypertension and sudden cardiac death].

721 cases of sudden coronary death (SCD) of men aged 30-59 were studied. It was found out that SCD happened in majority of cases in subjects with increased weight of heart: 44.2% of patients had heart weight of 500 g or more. A special histomorphometric study of kidneys (345 cases of SCD) revealed arterial hypertension (AH) in 41.2% of cases, which far exceeded AH incidence in the population of men of equal age. Nevertheless, not in all cases of SCD was myocardial hypertrophy caused by AH. In patients with no AH myocardial hypertrophy was usually caused by postinfarction cardiosclerosis. In certain cases of SCD without cardiosclerosis accompanied by manifest myocardial hypertrophy there were signs of dilatative or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The obtained results suggest that AH and increased weight of heart should be considered factors predisposing to SCD.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (an analysis of questions of etiology, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis in a clinical example)].

Development and clinical course of dilated cardiomyopathy is analysed in detail on one clinical case. Myocardial biopsy findings, immunologic data and autopsy findings are compared. The data obtained indicate that myocardial lymphocyte infiltration correlates with the rise in titres of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and the virus of herpes simplex as well as increase in serum alpha-interferon, neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin concentrations. Rise in the level of antibodies to cardiolipins is combined with thromboembolic syndrome. The roles of immunological control disturbances and immunity system activation in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy as well as possible evolution of myocarditis into dilated cardiomyopathy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isoenzyme spectrum of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the myocardium of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

The purpose of the study was to find out the character of the restructuring of enzymes and isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G 6 P-DH) in the myocardium, which occurs in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and to compare the activity of the aforementioned enzymes in the myocardium of patients with IHD, examined intra vitam, and in patients who died suddenly. An analysis was made of 11 samples obtained by myocardial biopsy from the left ventricle of patients with IHD and of 11 samples obtained at autopsy of patients with IHD who have died a sudden death. Serving as controls was bioptic material from the myocardium of 12 patients without IHD. In the myocardium of patients with IHD, examined intra vitam, a decrease in the activity of the mitochondrial isoenzyme CK (MiMi) and the isoenzyme LDH-1, and a considerable rise in the activity of G 6 P-DH were found. In patients with IHD, who have died suddenly, there was found only a decrease in isoenzyme LDH-1 activity and a reduced concentration of CK B-units. The experiments proved that the differences in the myocardial isoenzyme spectrum between the two groups of patients with IHD are not connected with the process of autolysis.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1984

Enzymatic detoxication of superoxide anion-radicals and lipoperoxides in intima and media of atherosclerotic aorta.

Unusually high activities of the "antioxidative" enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) have been found in the cells isolated from the intima and media of normal human aorta. The activities of "antioxidative" enzymes of the intima and media of the human aorta in different types of atherosclerotic lesions (lipid spots, fibrous plaques) have been demonstrated to be greatly lowered.

Adult↗