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Biomedical subjects

I Ebihara

Publications and source records attributed to I Ebihara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effect of the antiplatelet drug dilazep dihydrochloride on urinary podocytes in patients in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the antiplatelet drug dilazep dihydrochloride affects the number of urinary podocytes in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria (30 men and 20 women, mean age 48.6 years) and 30 age-matched control subjects (18 men and 12 women, mean age 49.2 years) were included in the study. No patients showed serum creatinine levels in excess of 2.0 mg/dl. Urinary podocytes were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies against podocalyxin. RESULTS: Urinary podocytes were detected in 18 of the 50 microalbuminuric diabetic patients (mean, 1.3 cells/ml). Urinary podocytes were not detected in the remaining 32 patients or in the 30 healthy control subjects. Diabetic patients positive for urinary podocytes were divided into 2 treatment groups: a dilazep dihydrochloride treatment group (300 mg/day; n = 9, group A) and a placebo group (n = 9, group B). Treatments were continued for 6 months. In group A, microalbuminuria decreased significantly from 146 +/- 42 to 86 +/- 28 microg/min (P < 0.01) and urinary podocytes also decreased from 1.3 +/- 0.8 to 0.4 +/- 0.2 cells/ml (P < 0.01). However, in group B, microalbuminuria and urinary podocytes changed little over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Podocyte injury may occur in patients with early diabetic nephropathy, and dilazep dihydrochloride may be useful for preventing glomerular injury.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed2000

Cytogenetic damage and cell-mediated immunity in pneumoconiosis.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that crystalline silica inhaled from occupational sources should be classified as carcinogenic to humans and upgraded it from group 2A to group 1. It has also been found that silicosis may be associated with cancer of various organs and with autoimmune diseases. We studied both the cytogenetic effects and the influence on cell-mediated immunity of mineral dust inhalation in patients with pneumoconiosis, including silicosis. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and micronucleus in the pneumoconiosis group were significantly higher than in the controls, suggesting a cytogenetic influence of the occupationally inhaled dust. Alterations in the immunoregulatory T cells were observed in the pneumoconiosis groups, suggesting that inhaled mineral dust may cause immunotoxic effects. Based on these findings, we can consider that cytogenetic damages and immunoregulatory abnormalities in pneumoconiosis patients may play a role in the pathogenesis of various cancers and autoimmune diseases associated with pneumoconiosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Mineral dust exposure and systemic diseases.

Based on clinical and immunological studies, we have proposed the hypothesis that occupational dust exposure might cause not only pneumoconiosis but also autoimmune diseases and malignancies of various organs such as neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues and gastric cancer. Evidence from cohort studies of pneumoconiotic patients in Japan, copper miners, and stone masons support our hypothesis. The carcinogenicity and cytotoxic effect of inhaled dust on immune cells are considered to contribute to the development of these diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Treatment with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber reduces platelet activation in septic shock patients: decrease in plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether plasma concentrations of soluble P-selectin, platelet factor-4 (PF-4) and beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG) are altered in patients with septic shock and whether polymyxin B-immobilized fiber (PMX-F) treatment affects these changes. SUBJECTS: Thirty patients with septic shock who were treated with PMX-F (group A), 20 such patients who received conventional therapies (group B) and 20 healthy control subjects(group C). METHODS: ELISA using commercial kits. Endotoxin elimination by direct hemoperfusion using PMX-F. RESULTS: Blood endotoxin levels decreased significantly from 49.4+/-8.8 pg/ml to 13.0+/-4.5 pg/ml after PMX-F treatment. The pretreatment plasma concentrations of soluble P-selectin, PF-4 and betaTG in patients in groups A and B were significantly higher than those in group C (p<0.001). Plasma concentrations of these factors decreased significantly in group A after PMX-F treatment (p<0.01); however, the concentrations in group B were not altered after conventional treatment. The survival rate of group A (60%) was higher than that of group B (30%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that soluble P-selectin, PF-4 and betaTG may be associated with septic shock and that PMX-F is effective in reducing these markers in patients with septic shock.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Gene therapy for renal anemia in mice with polycystic kidney using an adenovirus vector encoding the human erythropoietin gene.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is primarily used for patients with anemia associated with end-stage renal disease. We evaluated the efficacy of EPO gene therapy using adenovirus vector for chronic renal failure mice expressing severe renal anemia. METHODS: Recombinant HuEPO gene transfer to mesothelial cells was performed in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant replication-deficient adenoviruses containing rHuEPO cDNA (AdCMVEPO), E. coli lacZ gene (AdCMVlacZ), or an nonexogenous gene (AdNull as control vector) driven by the cytomegalovirus promotor/enhancer were constructed. The oligosaccharides associated with the rHuEPO from AdCMVEPO-treated mesothelial cells were analyzed. For in vivo study, the DBA/2FG-pcy mouse, a model for human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease resulting in chronic renal failure with progressive anemia, was used. RESULTS: The sialylated oligosaccharides associated with the rHuEPO produced in AdCMVEPO-treated mesothelial cells occupied 78 +/- 0.7% of the total oligosaccharide pool. A single intraperitoneal administration of AdCMVEPO induced rHuEPO synthesis in the peritoneal cells and a marked increase in erythrocyte production. The maximal increase in hematocrit (43 +/- 4%) was observed on day 28, and it remained elevated for 40 days. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of AdCMVEPO improves renal anemia in mice with chronic renal failure and that the mesothelial cell is an appropriate target cell for gene transfer.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1999

Abnormal distribution of mesangium-specific laminin in glomeruli of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Using a monoclonal antibody, the distribution of the mesangium-specific laminin that binds only to the mesangium in normal kidney, was studied immunohistochemically in renal tissues obtained from patients with different glomerulonephritides including idiopathic membranous nephropathy. In minimal change nephrotic syndrome and IgA nephropathy, the mesangium-specific laminin staining was restricted to the mesangium, as is observed in the normal kidney. However, in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, the monoclonal antibody against the mesangium-specific laminin reacted with the glomerular peripheral capillary walls including subepithelial protrusions or 'spikes', as well as with the mesangium. These results suggest that the quality of laminin produced in response to the challenge of immune deposits in the peripheral capillary walls may be different from that in the rest of the glomerular basement membrane in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[A case of acute renal failure with rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin].

Theophylline toxicity has been recognized since its introduction into clinical medicine. Clarithromycin is a new oral macrolide antibiotic with excellent antibacterial activity and rare adverse effect. Patients with upper respiratory infection are often treated with theophylline and clarithromycin concurrently. We report a case of acute renal failure due to acute rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin. A 72-year-old man visited our hospital because of coughing and a sore throat continuing for 1 week. He was diagnosed as having the common cold with a bronchial asthmatic symptom and was prescribed 200 mg/day of sustained-release theophylline for the treatment of asthma for 7 days. One week later, he visited our hospital again. Radiographic study of the chest revealed mild interstitial pneumonia and 200 mg/day of sustained-release theophylline and 400 mg/day of clarithromycin were administrated concomitantly. Five days after the second visit, the patient was admitted to our hospital because of generalized twitching, muscular weakness, high fever and serious general condition. He experienced generalized muscular twitching and tremor. Blood urea nitrogen was 106.1 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 7.4 mg/dl, serum creatinine kinase (CK) was 36,000 IU/l (normal 15-130 IU/l), CK isozyme revealed the following ratio: BB 0%, MB 1% and MM 99%. He was diagnosed as having acute renal failure with rhabdomyolysis caused by the interaction of theophylline and clarithromycin. Hemodialysis therapy was started. After 5 weeks, his serum creatinine was markedly decreased. It is well-known that clarithromycin enhances the serum concentration of theophylline by inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent pathway in hepatocytes. Theophylline toxicity may be enhanced when clarithromycin is administrated concomitantly, especially to elderly patients with dehydration.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1998

Changes in plasma erythropoietin and interleukin-6 concentrations in patients with septic shock after hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether polymyxin B-immobilized fiber (PMX-F) treatment affects the clinical parameters and plasma concentrations of erythropoietin (EPO) and interleukin (IL)-6. DESIGN: A prospective case series study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of the Department of Internal Medicine, Misato Junshin Hospital, Saitama, and Koto Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. PATIENTS: 17 consecutive patients (10 men, 7 women; mean age 54.6 years) with clinically defined septic shock and 20 healthy volunteers (12 men, 8 women; mean age 52.2 years). MAIN RESULTS: Of the 17 patients with septic shock, 9 (53 %) survived. The systolic blood pressure increased significantly from 78+/-6 to 106+/-8 mm Hg 2 h after PMX-F treatment in patients with septic shock. Plasma endotoxin levels decreased significantly after treatment, from 40+/-6 to 12+/-4 pg/ml. The pretreatment plasma concentrations of EPO and IL-6 were significantly higher in the 8 nonsurviving patients with septic shock (EPO: 400+/-36 mlU/ml; IL-6: 6260+/-1180 pg/ml) than in the 9 surviving patients (EPO: 120+/-22 mlU/ml; IL-6: 680+/-138 pg/ml) and the 20 control subjects (EPO, 12+/-6 mlU/ml; IL-6, 8+/-2 pg/ml). Plasma concentrations of EPO and IL-6 in patients with septic shock decreased significantly after PMX-F treatment (EPO, nonsurviving: 320+/-28 mlU/ml, p < 0.05; survivors: 26+/-8 mlU/ ml, p < 0.001; IL-6, nonsurviving: 3860+/-840 pg/ml, p < 0.01; survivors: 84+/-20 pg/ml, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma concentrations of EPO and IL-6 may be prognostic indicators in patients with septic shock: PMX-F treatment may be effective in reducing the plasma concentrations of EPO and IL-6 in patients with septic shock.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effects of hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fibre on serum neopterin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentrations in patients with septic shock.

OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present study was to determine whether serum neopterin and soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor levels were related to the development of septic shock and whether polymyxin B-immobilized fibre (PMX-F) treatment affects these levels. METHODS: we examined 24 patients admitted to our intensive care unit with Gram-negative septic shock. Serum neopterin and soluble IL-2 receptor levels were measured using commercially available test kits. Patients were treated with direct hemoperfusion using PMX-F columns. RESULTS: fifteen out of 24 patients (63%) survived and were discharged from our hospitals within 30 days after PMX-F treatment. Blood endotoxin levels decreased significantly from 49.2+/-8.6 pg/ml to 13.2+/-4.4 pg/ml after PMX-F treatment. The pretreatment serum concentrations of neopterin and IL-2 receptor were significantly higher in the nine non-surviving patients with septic shock than in the 15 surviving patients (P<0.01) and 20 control subjects (P<0.001). Serum concentrations of neopterin and IL-2 receptor in patients with septic shock decreased significantly after PMX-F treatment (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: these data suggest that serum neopterin and IL-2 receptor concentrations may be prognostic indicators in patients with septic shock. PMX-F treatment may be effective for reducing serum neopterin and IL-2 receptor concentrations.

Adult↗