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I Ebisawa

Publications and source records attributed to I Ebisawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Is MBSL-level ward needed for the treatment of viral hemorrhagic diseases and pest?].

The recently revised Japanese Law on Infectious Diseases designates pest, Lassa, Marburg, Ebola and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic diseases should be treated in an MBSL-level ward and that it should be constructed in each prefecture. However, pest can be treated with several antibiotics easily in an ordinary infectious disease ward. Lassa, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases are endemic in tropical Africa and only Lassa fever was imported into Japan in 1987. The probability of its importation to each prefecture is calculated on an assumption that a Lassa fever patient may be imported into Japan once in 10 years. Its incidence was calculated in comparison with the incidence of imported malaria from the African continent. Its probability P is calculated as follows. Corrected number of imported malaria patients from the African continent per year for each prefecture CN is divided by 445. 445 is the number of imported malaria patients from the African continent in ten years. Finally 445/CN is the number of years needed for each prefecture to import one case of Lassa fever. The results indicate that it takes 37 years for Metropolitan Tokyo where the largest number of malaria patients are imported annually. Other prefectures need more than 100 to 10,000 years, with an average of 1,017 years, for importation of one patient of Lassa fever. It is concluded that construction of an MBSL-level ward in each prefecture is unnecessary. The reports that the above mentioned viral hemorrhagic diseases can be treated safely in the ordinary infectious disease ward should be carefully reviewed.

Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral↗
PubMed1999

[Ehrlichiosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiology and eradication of Schistosomiasis japonica in Japan.

Schistosomiasis japonica caused by Schistosoma japonicum, owes its name to the historical work of Japanese scientists during the period of 1904 to 1913. The disease is currently endemic in China and in the Philippines. It was highly endemic in three regions of Japan, but has been declared eradicated as of 1996. This paper presents epidemiologic data about when the disease was actively transmitted in Japan and how the disease was eradicated, and reviews evidence that fresh water even in the most heavily snail-infested areas is now safe from the disease. Information on epidemiology was obtained from Nation's Health published by the Japan Public Health Society. Similar information on numbers of fatal cases was obtained from the annual publication Morbidity and Mortality Record of the Ministry of Health of Japan.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prophylaxis of acute viral hepatitis by immune serum globulin, hepatitis B vaccine, and health education: a sixteen year study of Japan overseas cooperation volunteers.

From 1978 to 1993 a study of acute viral hepatitis contracted by the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) during their assignments in tropical and subtropical countries was conducted. Of 10,509 subjects in this study, 240 cases of acute viral hepatitis were confirmed (hepatitis A = 139, hepatitis B = 72, and non-A, non-B hepatitis = 29). The annual morbidity was 5.1% in 1978 and 4.9% in 1979, with hepatitis A accounting for 80% of the cases. However, it decreased significantly after the prophylactic inoculation with immune serum globulin (ISG) was started in 1980. A significant decrease of hepatitis B from 1.2% in 1980 to 0.1% in 1990 was also seen after vaccination was introduced for all volunteers in 1988. Health education concerning food and water sanitation, and providing general information on viral hepatitis, was also conducted throughout this period. These results indicate that acute viral hepatitis could be successfully prevented in the JOCV with a combination of ISG, hepatitis B vaccination, and health education.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Current Epidemiology and Treatment of Tsutsugamushi Disease in Japan.

Background: The classical manifestation of tsutsugamushi disease was attributable to Leptotrombidium akamushi; the peak incidence occurred in August. Now, for reasons unknown, the disease has peak incidences in May and November, the new vectors being L. pallidum and L. scutellare, respectively. Methods: Epidemiologic data on tsutsugamushi disease occurring in Japan over a period of 44 years (1950-1993) are analyzed. Results: The number of cases gradually declined from 116 in 1950 to three in 1969. The number increased again to 941 in 1990. The disease is endemic in almost all parts of Japan, but it exhibits different rates of morbidity. Miyazaki and Kagoshima, which are prefectures in the southern part of the country; Chiba and Kanagawa, which are near Tokyo; and Akita and Niigata in the northern part of Japan are highly endemic. Three quarters of patients are between 50 and 70 years of age, range <4 to >80 years. Conclusions: Prognosis is good when treatment with tetracycline or doxycycline in a traditional dose is given for 10-14 days. Administration should be as early as possible. Preventive medication is not considered necessary.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Isolation of group A streptococci from pharyngitis patients of all ages--studies from the clinical and epidemiological standpoint].

During the period from June 1981 through Dec. 1985, isolation of group A streptococci was attempted from throat swabs of pharyngitis patients of all ages, who visited a clinic in the central area of Yokohama-city. The data were analysed clinically and epidemiologically. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Group A streptococci were isolated from 85 (30.5%) out of 279 patients with pharyngitis. This is almost within the range of other reports. 2) During one year in the study period, no isolates of group A streptococci were obtained from throat swabs of 32 controls (healthy persons working in the clinic or patients without pharyngitis). 3) The isolation rate correlated with the presence of pharyngeal purulent exudate and also with high maximum body temperature after onset of the illness. The isolation rate was significantly higher in patients with these two signs than those without them. Therefore, these two signs are useful to predict group A streptococcal pharyngitis prior to laboratory examinations. 4) The isolation rate was high in the age groups under 10 and from 30 to 39. 5) The isolation rate was high in winter and low in summer. 6) The typing test revealed T types 13, 28 and 4 to be relatively frequent isolates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of coronary artery bypass surgery (3-SVG) in 80-year-old woman with acute respiratory failure].

A successful operation for a patient of unstable angina with hypoxia is reported. A 80-year-old woman was admitted with severe chest oppression. The selective coronary angiogram revealed 3-vessel disease. Symptoms were uncontrolled by medical therapy. Aorto-coronary bypass surgery (with 3-saphenous vein grafts) was followed by excellent post-operative course. The patient has been asymptomatic for more than 1 year after operation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Some factors affecting isolation of Clostridium tetani from human and animal stools.

Clostridium tetani was isolated from human and animal stools at the following rates [95% confidence interval (CI)]: Human, 0% (1.5-0); horse, 1% (5-0); cow in cowshed, 4% (10-1); cow in pasture, 8.3% (17-1), calf in pasture, 0% (7-0); dog, 2% (11-0) and sheep in pasture, 25% (44-14). Quantification of C. tetani in 16 animal stools positive for the bacillus was impossible in most cases, as the number of tetanus bacilli present was not large enough for this purpose. Contaminating anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria in human and animal stools, i.e., C. perfringens and Streptococcus sp., Group G, inhibited isolation of C. tetani from these materials, particularly at the step of isolation employing its swarming character.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Colonization of the intestinal tract of mice with Clostridium tetani.

Colonization of intragastrically inoculated Clostridium tetani in intestinal tract of mice was investigated by cultivation of daily stool samples and quantification of the bacilli over a period of 3 weeks. We found that most of the inoculum was excreted in the stool during the first 24 hr. The amount of C. tetani recovered on the second day after inoculation was very small. C. tetani apparently thrived in the intestinal tract when more than 6 log colony forming units (CFU) of tetanus spores had been inoculated. Otherwise, C. tetani colonized poorly in intestinal tract. Tetanus toxin was not detected in the stool nor in the contents of the small and large intestines 24 hr after 6.23 log CFU of tetanus spores had been inoculated. We concluded that the intestinal cavity of mouse is not a favorable environment for colonization of C. tetani under natural conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prophylactic efficacy of immune serum globulin against hepatitis A.

A remarkable decline in the morbidity of hepatitis A was observed in the members of the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) following inoculation of these volunteer workers with human immune serum globulin (ISG) once every 4-6 months, a program which was started in 1981 on a voluntary basis. The morbidity rate of hepatitis A declined from 3.5% in 1980 to 0.6% in 1983 and 1984. A significant difference in the morbidity of hepatitis A was observed among those who were not. In addition to precautions about drinking water and fresh or uncooked foods, inoculation with ISG for the prophylaxis against hepatitis A is recommended when non-immune subjects from a developed country travel to or stay in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Density and distribution of Clostridium tetani in the soil.

Clostridium tetani or its toxin was recovered from a minute amount of soil samples collected on the surface of the ground of various places. C. tetani was recovered from 10% and tetanus toxin alone from another 1% of soil samples employing 1 mg of the soil. C. tetani or its toxin alone was recovered, employing 1 mg or more of soil, from the wet shores of ponds and rivers, fields and rice fields (85%), the yards of farmers and non-farmers (53%), school and hospital grounds (30%) and on the roadside (20%). Two tetanus patients were injured in their yards where 1 mg soil samples yielded C. tetani. 12 of 13 soil samples collected at the yard of one of these patients at 3 different times yielded C. tetani. C. tetani did not remain at the same place in the same quantity. It was isolated more readily from the soil samples collected on the surface of than deep in the ground.

Clostridium tetani↗
PubMed1986

A combination of sulfamonomethoxine and pyrimethamine versus other drugs for the treatment of malaria.

Sixty-eight cases of vivax and 30 cases of falciparum malaria patients were treated with a combination of sulfamonomethoxine-pyrimethamine (MP tablet with 500 mg of sulfamonomethoxine and 25 mg of pyrimethamine) and the results were compared with those with chloroquine, Fansidar and quinine. Vivax malaria: Fever and parasites were cleared by the 4th day of treatment in 94 and 92% of the patients, respectively. Chloroquine was the most effective drug and Fansidar and MP tablets shared the next position. Falciparum malaria: Fever and asexual parasites were cleared by the 4th day of treatment in 67 and 78% of the patients, respectively. MP tablets were effective in chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria contracted in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Oceanian countries (Vanuatu etc.). Fever and parasite clearance times were shorter with chloroquine or with Fansidar than with MP tablets. Defective preschizonts used to appear following administration of MP tablets both in vivax and falciparum malarias. They were the premonitory laboratory indications that the asexual parasites will be soon eradicated.

Adolescent↗