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Biomedical subjects

I Engström

Publications and source records attributed to I Engström.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Long-term treatment with corticosteroids/ACTH in asthmatic children. IV. Skeletal maturation.

Skeletal maturation in severe bronchial asthma was studied in 15 children during and after treatment with depot tetracosactrin and in 6 children during treatment with prednisolone. Attained skeletal maturity before treatment was below the reference mean in the majority of children. Skeletal maturation was enhanced during treatment with depot tetracosactrin, which led to more advanced attained skeletal maturity at withdrawal than at start of treatment. There was a tendency towards larger increases of skeletal maturity than of height. The influence of adrenal androgens, released by ACTH-stimulation and good control of the disease are probably relevant factors for the acceleration of skeletal maturation. After withdrawal of depot tetracosactrin the rate of skeletal maturation normalized. During prednisolone treatment there was a delay of skeletal maturation leading to a progressive relative decrease of attained skeletal maturity, and closely related to a delay in linear growth. Treatment with depot tetracosactrin may thus induce enhancement of skeletal maturation, but with the treatment regimen found to be efficacious in bronchial asthma, the effect is not very pronounced and does not perceptibly affect the ultimate outcome of growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Inadequate hemolysis of erythrocytes on reagent strips at low pH causes false-negative readings.

Patients' urines gave an unexpectedly high percentage of false-negative results for erythrocytes on a reagent strip, even when the test field for ascorbic acid indicated that none of this substance was present to inhibit the test reaction. By adding known amounts of erythrocytes to normal urines, we found that this phenomenon was time-dependent and occurred with three different brands of reagent strips in urines having a pH below 6.0. Hemolysis of erythrocytes was totally inhibited below pH 5.1 after 4 h of incubation with 50 X 10(6) erythrocytes per liter. The inhibition is apparently caused by shrinkage of the erythrocytes, rending them insensitive to the hemolytic agents in the different reagent strips tested.

Detergents↗
PubMed1984

Forced oscillation technique and maximum expiratory flows in bronchial provocation tests in children.

Variables obtained with the forced oscillation technique (total respiratory resistance and impedance at 2, 4 and 12 Hz) and with the forced vital capacity manoeuvre (FVC, FEV1, MMEF, MEF75, MEF50, MEF25) were used in the evaluation of the bronchial allergen challenge test in 2 groups of asthmatic children. Each method was applied in 15 provocation tests and the changes of the different variables, allowing for their respective variations, were compared with the clinical assessment. Agreement with the clinical evaluation was found in 15 of 15 occasions with the forced oscillation technique and in 12 of 15 occasions with the forced vital capacity manoeuvre. With the forced oscillation technique a bronchial reaction was detected in 6 of 10 patients at 1/10 of the allergen concentration that gave positive clinical signs and the single most sensitive variable was resistance determination at 4 Hz, with significant change in 5 of 10 cases. The forced vital capacity manoeuvre allowed detection of a bronchial reaction preceding clinical signs at a tenfold lower allergen concentration in 2 of 9 cases and the most sensitive variables were FEV1 and MEF25.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Long-term treatment with corticosteroids and ACTH in asthmatic children. I. A pulmonary function study with re-investigation after 5 years.

Twenty-one children aged 6-17 years with severe bronchial asthma and on long-term treatment with corticosteroids and/or ACTH, were studied when they were as symptom-free as possible. They were found to have increased lung volumes and hyperinflation with a high end-expiratory level. The forced expiratory 1-s volume (FEV1) was within +/- 2 SD for healthy children, but the FEV% was significantly decreased, as a sign of sub-clinical bronchial obstruction. Arterial oxygen tensions was within normal limits, except in one patient with clinical signs of bronchial obstruction. On re-examination 5 years later, hyperinflation and sub-clinical obstruction were even more pronounced, despite the fact that the majority of the patients had improved clinically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Long-term effect of previous swimtraining in girls. A 10-year follow-up of the "girl swimmers".

Thirty girls, studied in 1961 after 2.5 years of intensive swimtraining, were the subject of a follow-up for ten years. When last examined, seven and ten years after the original study, all the girls had given up swimtraining. The increased values for vital capacity observed in 1961 remained unchanged, but residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity showed small increases even after corrections for body growth. Such increases are, however, normal in these years. Heart volume which was high originally, was found to be lower ten years later, although mean values were still higher than normal. The decreases seen from 1961 to 1971 could mainly be ascirbed to a decrease in the subjects with the larges hearts originally. Both total hemoglobin and blood volume decreased to normal values in relation to body size. Maximal oxygen uptake, though, fell from 2.80 l/min (51. 4 ml/kg X min) to 2.18 l/min (36.4 ml/kg X min) ten years later. It is suggested that the functional capacity of the cardiovascular system declined more markedly than its dimensions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

I. physical growth from birth to 16 years and longitudinal outcome of the study during the same age period.

Physical growth of 212 randomly selected Swedish urban children has been investigated from birth to sixteen years as part of a prospective longitudinal study of growth and development. Twenty body measurements have been taken at specified ages. In all, about 66,000 values of measurement have been recorded. At sixteen years 179 (84.4%) ofthe original children were still regularly being followed. Thirty-three (15.6%) of the 212 children left the study at various ages. A comparison between the children who left the study and those remaining did not show any significant differences in physical growth. All recorded data have been scrutinized in order to detect errors of measurement or administrative errors. Such values have been corrected or excluded. The editorial procedures also included the adjustment of each measurement to exact target age, interpolation of missing examinations and exclusion of children with an aberrant growth pattern. When comparing the present study with older Swedish investigations a secular trend was established, while there was good agreement with other contemporary Swedish investigations. Growth charts of distance values of various body measurements are presented. In the charts standard deviation lines (+/- 1, 2, 3 SD) and mean values are plotted. A logarithmic time scale (logarithmic conceptional age) has been used for both practical and theoretical reasons. When evaluating individual values in comparison with reference values standard deviations should be used rather than centiles. With this approach even grossly deviating values can be evaluated. Longitudinal follow-up of individual children and comparison of children of different ages will also be facilitated by this approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

VI. Somatic pubertal development.

The pubertal development of 212 randomly selected Swedish urban children has been investigated as part of a prospective longitudinal study of growth and development. The timing and pattern of pubertal changes were in agreement with the findings in other contemporary studies. The good agreement with data on pubertal development reported in other investigations of Swedish children indicates that the present sample was representative of contemporary Swedish children. Two procedures of assessment of secondary sex characters - clinical examination and whole-body photography - have been compared and contrasted. A clinical examination is less laborious and resource-consuming and also has psychological advantages but should be supplemented in boys by the estimation of testicular volume (orchidometry). In girls the two methods have similar precision and reliability. The first pubertal changes may be observed before 9 years in girls (breast development) and before 10 years in boys (genital development). On average the first change takes place about one year earlier in girls than in boys. Peak height velocity (PHV) is an early event during puberty in girls and a relatively late event during puberty in girls and a relatively late one in boys, the sex difference in mean age being about two years. In girls, menarche is a late event, always occurring after PHV. At the age of 13-14 years some boys and girls have not yet begun theri pubertal development, while others have reached the adult stage.

Adolescent↗