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Biomedical subjects

I Fox

Publications and source records attributed to I Fox.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

What constitutes an adequate antidepressant trial for fluoxetine?

One hundred and eight patients with major depression were treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 3 weeks. Patients who failed to respond to this open-label treatment were randomly assigned either to receive fluoxetine 60 mg/day for 5 weeks or to continue treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for an additional 5 weeks. Both treatment groups demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms, indicating that continued treatment with low-dose fluoxetine may be as effective as an increase in dose in achieving a favorable clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Discriminating rejection from CMV infection in renal allograft recipients using flow cytometry.

The ability to distinguish among rejection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and cyclosporin toxicity in the symptomatic renal allograft recipient remains one of the major issues in clinical transplantation. The practical application of immunologic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes through the use of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies and single-color flow cytometry has been limited by the inability to demonstrate significant correlations between the levels of specific T-cell subset populations and the cause of impaired renal function. In the present study using two-color analysis, we monitored the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and HLA-DR antigen on the T-cells of a group of 51 renal cadaveric allograft recipients receiving cyclosporin, azathioprine, and prednisone for an average of 4 months after transplantation. We found that the proportion of CD3+ cells coexpressing IL-2R increased above baseline during 12 out of 14 rejection episodes that took place during the course of the study (P less than 10(-6)). Alternatively, we found that the proportion of cells coexpressing HLA-DR antigen on CD2+ cells increased above baseline during 11 out of 11 CMV infections (P less than 10(-6)). There was no correlation between the level of IL-2R+CD3+ cells and CMV infection or between the level of CD2+DR+ cells and rejection. These relationships showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity when used to discriminate among possible etiologies for decreased renal function in the symptomatic patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial of paroxetine in depressed outpatients.

A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was carried out in outpatients suffering from major unipolar depressive disorder to assess the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the treatment of depression. The study lasted for six weeks. After a placebo washout period of 4 to 14 days patients took 20mg of paroxetine or matched placebo as a morning dose for one week; thereafter the dose of paroxetine could be titrated between 10 and 50mg/day. Patients were evaluated at baseline, weekly during the first four weeks of the study, and at the end of six weeks; patients who entered a six-week extension phase were evaluated at 9 and 12 weeks. Evaluations were carried out using HAMD (including ECDEU factors), MADRS, HSCL, Covi anxiety and Raskin depression scales, CGI, and a seven-point rating of global improvement. Adverse events and laboratory values were also recorded at each assessment. One hundred and eleven patients entered the study, and efficacy data were available for 102 of these (49 on paroxetine and 53 on placebo). Efficacy measurements demonstrated significantly greater clinical improvement with paroxetine than placebo after two weeks of treatment, and this became even more marked after six weeks. Patients who continued treatment for a further six weeks maintained their clinical improvement. When adverse events were examined, statistically significant differences between paroxetine and placebo were seen only for sweating, diarrhoea, nausea, and somnolence. No significant changes were seen in any of the laboratory parameters measured. If these results are confirmed in future studies, paroxetine will represent an important addition to the treatments available for depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Primary biliary cirrhosis: management of an unusual case with severe xanthomata by hepatic transplantation.

We report a patient with advanced primary biliary cirrhosis associated with Sjögren's syndrome, xanthelasma, and extensive, painful xanthomata involving cutaneous lipid deposits on her face, abdomen, hands, and buttocks and extensor surfaces over many joints. Despite conventional dietary and drug therapy, these lesions progressed rapidly over 3 years. There was symptomatic improvement of the xanthomata, but no objective amelioration of the xanthomatosis with the use of plasmapheresis over an 18-month period. Liver transplantation was undertaken for decompensated chronic liver disease and poor quality of life due to complications of xanthomatosis. Twelve months after transplantation, all xanthomata and xanthelasma and symptoms attributable to xanthomata had disappeared. Liver transplantation is a drastic but successful remedy for complications of abnormal lipid metabolism associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evaluating ultra-low volume ground applications of malathion against Aedes aegypti using landing counts in Puerto Rico, 1980-84.

Landing counts made in a residential area in San Juan, Puerto Rico during the 5-year period, 1980-84 indicated that malathion ULV applied by LECO Fog Generators was not effective against Aedes aegypti. Of 25 applications only 6 resulted in a decrease on the first day after treatment and only one remained much less than the pretreatment count on the second and third days after treatment. Daily, the number of mosquitoes landing for a 5-minute period at each of 2 stations was recorded. An ideal year created by averaging the monthly data suggested that the seasonal variation of mosquitoes was inverse to that of reported dengue incidence.

Aedes↗
PubMed1986

The antibody crossmatch in liver transplantation.

Six hundred sixty-seven first, second, and third orthotopic liver allografts in 520 patients were reviewed to determine the effect of recipient panel-reactive antibody (PRA) and donor-recipient antibody crossmatch on 2-year patient and liver allograft survival rates. Neither a high panel-reactive antibody nor a positive crossmatch for donor-specific preformed antibody was associated with decreased patient or liver allograft survival for primary grafts or retransplants. Two patients have been given kidney transplants immediately after a liver allograft from a donor with whom each patient had an initial strongly positive donor-specific antibody crossmatch. The liver apparently removed or neutralized circulating anti-donor antibody, since the renal allografts functioned promptly and did not experience hyperacute rejection.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Decreased amino acids in various brain areas of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

In an effort to further understand the pathogenesis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an X-linked recessive disease of purine metabolism associated with a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, we have analyzed the amino acids in autopsy brain material obtained from five patients and six controls. The amino acids glycine and glutamine serve as substrates for the synthesis of purines in man. Amino acids were measured in the occipital cortex, limbic cortical area, cerebellar cortex, hippocampus and putamen. In general the amino acids were usually lower in concentration in brain material from affected individuals. Most dramatically decreased were threonine, serine, valine, isoleucine, lysine and arginine. Only glutamine and urea were higher than controls. Glutamate, gamma-aminobutyrate and cystathionine were essentially unaffected. The data reported here do not support a role for increased glycine in the pathogenesis of this disease as implied by findings previously reported in cultured cell lines (Skaper and Seegmiller 1976, 1977). The current findings suggest that individuals with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome have a generally lower concentration of free amino acids in brain. This decrease may be involved in the etiology of the disease or the decrease may be a result of the generally malnourished state of these individuals. These results imply that affected patients have a limited supply of amino acid precursors available for the synthesis of either proteins or neurotransmitters that the brain requires for normal function. Thus, the low amino acid pools could be an important factor in the brain dysfunction observed in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Suppressor factor from a T cell hybrid inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to azobenzenearsonate.

By using polyethylene glycol 1540, BW5147 AKR T lymphoma cells were fused with splenocytes from A/J mice treated so as to induce suppressor T cells specific for azobenzenearsonate (ABA). Of 576 microwells originally seeded, 132 demonstrated growing cell clones, 4 of which produced an ABA-binding supernatant factor. When tested in vivo for suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ABA, two of these cell lines, A4 and F12, were shown to produce suppressive supernatant factors. Fluorescence analysis of the F12 cells with appropriate antisera demonstrated this T cell hybrid to be Thy 1.2+, Lyt 1+,2-, and surface immunoglobulin negative, the surface marker phenotype of conventional ABA-specific suppressor T cells. This cloned suppressor cell line, F12, produces a culture supernatant factor that is suppressive at dilutions up to 1:100 and has provided material for genetic and immunochemical analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pneumatic ankle tourniquet: clinical and electrophysiologic study.

Current orthopedic practice in surgical procedures involving the foot calls for tourniquet of the lower extremity. It is suggested that tourniquet application at the ankle may be equally effective and less traumatic. An experiment to document the sensorimotor and electrophysiologic changes that occur with the use of the pneumatic ankle tourniquet indicated the feasibility of such a procedure. An ankle tourniquet was applied at 250mmHg for 1 hour on 40 healthy adults divided into 2 groups of 20 each. In group 1 there was no temperature control and in group 2 skin temperature was kept constant at 32C. Sensorimotor evaluations were done clinically and electrophysiologically to include proximal and distal motor latencies, conduction velocities and amplitudes of peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory latencies and amplitudes of sural and medial plantar nerves at fixed points and at fixed times. Final data show no strong indication of difference in nerve parameter abnormalities between subjects of both groups and suggest that change in different parameters of nerve function during tourniquet application is secondary to ischemia and anoxia rather than to mechanical compression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Malathion resistance in Aedes aegypti of Puerto Rico induced by selection pressure on larvae.

A high level of tolerance to malathion occurred in Aedes aegypti larvae of San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1978. The tolerance was 7-fold when compared with a susceptible strain. Malathion selection pressure in the laboratory on this tolerant strain resulted in resistance after only six filial generations. The resistance of the F6 generation as 10-fold when compared with the strain as it was in the field in 1969, and 19-fold when compared with a susceptible laboratory strain. The results, together with those of previous studies suggest that resistance may be a major factor in situations in Puerto Rico in which malathion failed to control Ae. aegypti.

Aedes↗