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Biomedical subjects

I GOLDIAMOND

Publications and source records attributed to I GOLDIAMOND.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

ERRORLESS ESTABLISHMENT OF VISUAL DISCRIMINATION USING FADING PROCEDURES.

A visual discrimination task involved presenting a triangle briefly as a sample. When it was withdrawn, this triangle and two others differing slightly in degree of rotation were presented in different positions, with S required to locate the sample that had been presented. Discrimination proved difficult for preschool children. When only the correct triangle was illuminated, discrimination was readily established. The brightness difference between correct and incorrect matches was gradually faded out by increasing the intensity of the incorrect matches, until they were equal in brightness to the correct match. The discrimination established by brightness difference was maintained in its absence, thereby transferring stimulus control from brightness to form, in an almost errorless sequence.

Child↗
PubMed1962

Machine definition of ongoing silent and oral reading rate.

A procedure is described by which a machine defines the ongoing silent and oral reading rates, and thus subjects them to environmental control and experimental analysis. Reading is considered as a form of monitoring in which response sequences are linear and successive. Applications for other types of monitoring are considered.A page is projected on a screen, and the subject is required to read, aloud or silently. Through the same optical system, an opaque loop is presented that masks the projection, and a transparent slit on the opaque loop exposes part of a line of type. With each frame, the slit moves linearly and sequentially, exposing successive reading material. Recycling the loop triggers the presentation of another page. The subject controls the loop by pressing a micro-switch to advance the frame, thereby explicitly defining a monitoring response. The procedure is sensitive to variables such as signal-noise ratio, item difficulty, transient and long-term effects, reinforcement schedules (pay-offs), and age. Monitoring rates are extremely steady, suggesting their use as a base line. Procedures are suggested for training subjects to be differentially attentive to different parts of a complex display.

Humans↗
PubMed1959

Instatement of stuttering in normally fluent individuals through operant procedures.

Normally fluent subjects were required to read from printed pages, and a recording was made of nonfluencies until a stable rate was established. A persistent shock was then introduced. Its cessation for a limited period was made contingent upon nonfluency. Chronic stuttering was instated and eliminated as a function of the change in stimulus.

Humans↗