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Biomedical subjects

I Gratton

Publications and source records attributed to I Gratton.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Change in visual function and viewing distance during work with VDTs.

Seven female volunteer bank clerks aged between 24 and 32 yr were selected for a laboratory trial after a preliminary ocular examination which showed them to be emmetropic or slightly myopic (less than or equal to 1D) and to have normal ocular motility or only minor deficiencies. Near and far point refraction and phorias and near point fusional vergences were measured before and immediately after a 6 h workday at a PC workstation. Eye screen distance (viewing distance) was monitored. Near and far distance refraction showed an increase and a decrease of accommodation in 13 out of 14 eyes respectively. Fusional convergence decreased in six out of seven cases: a smaller decrease in divergence was recorded in all subjects. These changes were statistically significant. Viewing distance, though showing some interindividual differences, increased considerably during the last 2 h of the trial, without reaching statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Asthenopia and objective ophthalmological findings in a population of 2058 VDT operators in Lombardy].

A large population of 2058 VDT operators from all compartments in Lombardia of a large national company was studied. An "ergophthalmological" questionnaire was administered to all subjects, followed by an ophthalmological-orthoptic examination. Ametropias showed a prevalence of 51.9%; the most common refractive defect was myopia followed by astigmatism and hyperopia. Heterophorias with bad or mediocre compensation had a prevalence of 4.1 and 11% respectively. The study of symptoms showed a frequency of 23.5% of intense asthenopic complaints and 21.1% of less severe and less frequent symptomatology. Asthenopia was significantly correlated (chi square) with sex, VDT exposure, refraction, presbyopia, and decompensated heterophorias.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The monochromatic green argon laser in the management of macular disorders.

The authors have been using an argon laser photocoagulator equipped with a green filter for about 21/2 years. Compared to the usual blue-green argon laser, the advantage of such an instrument is that green radiation is not absorbed to any significant degree by macular pigment. This ensures a selective action on hemoglobin and pigment epithelium. The green wavelength appears to be extremely useful in the management of macular disorders. The authors report the criteria they follow and the technique they use in the treatment of subretinal neovascular membranes and of macular edema arising from different retinal vascular disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Argon laser photocoagulation in the management of retinal detachment and predisposing lesions.

During the years 1979-1982 we treated by argon laser photocoagulation 863 eyes of 551 patients affected by peripheral retinal degenerations and breaks. No case of progression to retinal detachment has been registered so far. In the same period, we treated 42 patients affected by retinal detachment of different topography (three posterior pole and 39 peripheral detachments) and size (mostly limited detachments, 12 as large as a quadrant, two larger than a quadrant). In 41 of these 42 eyes, the retina is still firmly attached after a 1- to 4-year follow-up, while in one case it was necessary to proceed surgically following a relapse. While argon laser photocoagulation is certainly the first choice treatment of retinal degenerations and breaks, it also appears to be a reliable alternative to scleral buckling in the management of specific cases of retinal detachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Combined effects of alcohol and lithium on body composition in the rat model.

Alcohol markedly enhances Li+ retention in blood and muscle in rats taking Li and alcohol. The marked enlargement of the exchangeable Na+ space which occurs with alcohol alone, Li+ alone, and to an even greater extent with combined therapy, results from extensive mobilization of "bound" bone sodium, which is transferred to intracellular sites, demonstrably in skeletal muscle, and presumably in other cells. This 87% increase in measured intracellular Na+, and concomitant decrease in K+, would be predicted to produce profound effects on the intracellular ionic milieu, and on membrane function. Lithium is associated with a decrease in food and fluid intake, and this effect is enhanced by alcohol. However the decrease in intake did not result in nutritionally significant deficits in either group, and therefore the observed abnormalities in body composition did not result from caloric, protein, K, Na, or Ca deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional and immunological evaluations in cancer patients. Relationship to surgical infections.

Several reports provide evidence of the synergism between malnutrition and infection in hospitalized patients. In this study, preoperative complete nutritional assessment (NA) was performed to: 1) evaluate NA modifications in 21 controls with benign minor surgical diseases and in 71 surgical cancer patients; 2) determine the relative value of nutritional and immunological indicators in relation to the postoperative septic complications in cancer patients. The following parameters were used: percent weight loss/month, percent standard arm circumference, percent standard triceps skinfold; hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum proteins, albumin, iron, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, retinol binding protein (RBP); serum creatinine, urine creatinine, creatinine/height index, percent arm muscle circumference; peripheral lymphocytes, white blood cells, complement (C3c), skin tests. In the cancer group percent usual body weight, percent arm muscle circumference, hematocrit, hemoglobin, albumin, iron, ceruloplasmin, retinol binding protein, C3c and delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) were significantly different from controls. Ceruloplasmin and DHR were the only tests significantly different in the cancer patients who developed postoperative infections. Duration of anesthesia and operative field contamination are other important causative factors which, if associated with malnutrition, may determine a higher susceptibility to infections in surgical cancer patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mean-term variations of visual function of video display terminal operators: observations on 70 cases].

The aim of the study was to evaluate medium-term variations of visual functions in VDT operators and their possible relationship to VDT exposure. The clinical records of 70 VDT operators attending our outpatient service for periodical ergophthalmological evaluation were reviewed in order to evaluate the variation of some visual parameters after a two-years follow-up. These included refraction, phorias, fusional convergence and divergence, stereopsis. The group did not include subjects affected by hyperopia, large ametropias, or binocular vision disturbances and was divided into two subgroups: low exposure group (n = 20; < 4 hours/day) and high exposure group (n = 50; exposure > 4 hours/day). Asthenopia was frequent in both groups. Variation of refraction and binocular vision parameters were absent or rather limited in both exposure groups. This seems to indicate that in subjects without significant ophthalmological problems the risk of permanent functional damage is very low at medium-term.

Adult↗