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Biomedical subjects

I Greinacher

Publications and source records attributed to I Greinacher.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The skeletal changes in premature infants with a copper deficiency].

We describe 5 preterm infants (25th to 30th week of gestation) suffering from alimentary copper deficiency. The diagnosis was confirmed by low serum copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations. Characteristic clinical findings were repeated apnoeic attacks, hypopigmentation of skin and hair, anaemia, neutropenia and leucopenia refractory to other therapy, as well as increasing serum alkaline phosphatase activity in the first month of life. Starting in the 3rd to 12th week of life the radiographic findings were general skeletal osteoporosis and retardation, metaphyseal radiodense lines, irregular metaphyses, cupping and spurring of the metaphyses, followed by multiple fractures and subperiosteal new bone formation and enlarged costochondral junctions. Copper was substituted orally resulting in complete healing of fractures and improvement in both clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[The place of bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of Ewing's sarcoma].

The radiological and scintigraphic findings of 26 patients with histologically proven Ewing's sarcoma were analysed. Three-phase bone scan should be done early in patients presenting with pain and normal radiographs. Perfusion and metabolism of a bone lesion can be assessed by skeletal scintigraphy. Bone metastases are first seen on bone scan. In the follow-up of the patient bone scans at regular intervals are essential to detect bone metastases and tumour recurrence. The scintigraphic findings have to be correlated with radiographs and if these are negative a short-term control is indicated. Three-phase bone scans can assess the tumours response to therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Cu deficiency as a cause of spontaneous fracture in a premature infant].

We report on a male preterm infant of 25th week of gestation, who developed a spontaneous fracture of the right femur at an age of four months. Besides an "impressed" fracture radiologically a generalized osteopenia of the skeleton and cupped metaphysis alterations were observed. An alimentary copper deficiency could be diagnosed. Additionally clinical signs were repeated apneic episodes, anaemia, neutropenia and a low serum level of both coeruloplasmin and copper. We substituted the patient orally with CuCl2 (1.2 mumol/kg/KG/d) over a period of four months resulting in a complete healing of the fracture and an improvement of the other clinical symptoms and laboratory alterations.

Bone Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1987

[Difficulties in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma].

The difficulties arising in diagnosing osteoidosteoma are demonstrated by means of 30 surgically treated cases and the results are compared with those available from the literature. The value of bone scintigraphy and of tomography within the framework of a diagnostic concept is underlined. Diagnosis is confirmed and treatment is effected by the successful surgical removal of the nidus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The radiological diagnosis of the sinus urogenitalis.

The mechanisms and disturbances in the differentiation of male and female genitalia are described in relation to a correct radiological diagnosis. The methods of investigations include the flushing technique and the catheter technique. The advantage of the flushing technique (retrograde injection of contrast medium under moderate pressure) is its minimal invasiveness. In the catheter technique the bladder is filled with the help of a second catheter or suprapubic puncture, and a micturating cystourethrogram is conducted. The authors use a combination of both methods, filling the lower section of the urogenital sinus with a catheter and the upper by intravenous pyelography accompanied at times with a suprapubic bladder puncture. Quality of the radiographic picture ensures visualisation of all the important structures, as demonstrated by the accompanying figures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic diagnosis of intussusception in childhood.

The diagnosis of intussusception was established in 26 children by sonography alone. In 23 cases barium enema confirmed the diagnosis; two cases because of longstanding intussusception and one case after intestinal anastomosis were confirmed by surgery alone; in two additional cases barium enema ruled out the sonographically suspected intussusception. No positive finding was missed by sonography, which proved to be an accurate method for the diagnosis of intussusception. The sonographic findings of idiopathic intussusception and intussusception caused by lymphosarcoma are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[The so-called "battered child syndrome" from the viewpoint of the pediatric radiologist].

The diagnosis of the Battered-Child Syndrome (BCS) is made by the pediatrician and the radiologist. The recognition of this entity by the radiologist is possible because of the high frequency of the typical skeletal lesions. This skeletal changes are illustrated by X-ray pictures and bone scans. Not only skeletal trauma can be discovered but also visceral injuries may be combined and diagnosed in the BCS. For the detection of all changes in the BCS nowadays all possible imaging procedures should be used. Some forensic problems in this field are added.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1979

[Lymphangiomatosis of bone in childhood (author's transl)].

Lymphangiomatosis of bone is a very rare congenital malformation of lymph vessels. So far 60 patients have been described with this disease (43 children, 17 adults). Radiologically the lymphangiomatous skeletal changes usually consist of circumscribed areas of uni- or multi-focal osteolysis. They may remain asymptomatic for years; in a few cases intrathoracic chylous effusions or pathological fractures have occurred. The protean radiological appearances of bone lymphangiomatosis are illustrated by four children. The differential diagnosis is discussed in detail.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Vertebral changes in histiocytosis x (author's transl)].

Manifestations of histiocytosis X in the vertebral column occurred in 3 of 15 children. Pathological alterations showed a marked variability. Especially a vertebra plana should be considered as eosinophilic granuloma, until another cause is proven. Bone scans were positive in all three cases. Even in most severe cases with vertebral destruction neurological abnormalities were absent.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Late results following to side-to-side anastomosis of the small intestine in infancy and childhood.

1. Malabsorptions and anemia can be used by ulceration or stenosis of the anastomosis, also well known in other anastomotic techniques. 2. Long-term problems are seldom seen in children secondary to side-to-side anastomosis if the technique is satifactory. Blind pouches may result from unsatisfactory technique, or may develop just as in the adult. They may or may not be symptomatic. We surely have to ask whether the blind loop will really grow with the growing child. Nevertheless this study only has historical character because since 1965 we only use end-to-end anastomosis and its modifications with the well known good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Vesicorenal reflux (author's transl)].

Antireflux procedures show high efficiency and relatively few technical complications. A tabulated comparison between the intravesical procedure (Politano-Leadbetter) and the extravesical procedure (Lich-Grégoir) reveals an overall success rate of 80%. To simplify the nomenclature, the term primary refluxing ureter is suggested for cases with a freely draining IVP and primary obstructive ureter for a dye collumnating dilated ureter. The indication for antirefluxplasty is divided into urgent cases and those with secondary priority, with immunologic tests providing helpful criteria.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[Late effects of tumour treatment. Structural changes in the spinal column seen on X-rays].

Cure rates are increasing in pediatric oncology; simultaneously the numbers of late effects of therapy are also increasing. 64 children with malignant neoplastic disease in whom the spine had been partially or totally exposed during X-ray treatment were re-investigated for radiographically visible irradiation effects on the vertebral column. 140 different abnormalties were found in 56 children of which scolioses were the most important. Irradiation for Wilms' tumour produced more numerous changes than direct irradiation of the vertebral column. In spite of the unexpectedly high number of growth defects rigorous X-ray treatment is indicated in certain circumstances. The growth abnormalities were of only minor clinical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Tumor-related radiographic changes of the vertebral column in childhood (author's transl)].

Benign tumors and malignant primary or metastatic neoplasms of the vertebral column are rare in childhood. Radiographic changes are sometimes detected by routine investigations since no clinical symptoms are present. The type of tumor can only rarely be specified from the radiographic changes. Usually a specific diagnosis requires histologic studies. If a tumor the vertebral column is suspected detailed radiographic studies are mandatory to secure an early diagnosis. The impending danger of spinal cord compression makes an early diagnosis and rapid surgical intervention even more important. In our case material we found 11 different tumor types involving the vertebral column.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Vater or Vacterl syndrome (author's transl)].

Analysis of malformations in 65 newborns with limb anomalies, 39 with esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, and 41 with anal atresia confirmed the nonrandom tendency for the defects of the VATER or VACTERL syndrome to associate together. 11 new patients with 4 or more of these anomalies were compared with 41 previously reported cases. There was good agreement with reference to the frequency of the major malformations noted in the VACTERL association. While anal atresia was not so common in our patients, cardiac anomalies and radial limb dysplasia occurred somewhat more frequently. In accordance with previous findings we also emphasize a single umbilical artery as one of the malformations in the spectrum of the VACTERL association (V = vertebral defects and vascular anomalies). Because of the high incidence of rib anomalies in our patients and in earlier cases with complete medical records it is suggested that the scope of the VACTERL association should be enlarged by this malformation. Thus the R in VACTERL would stand not only for renal defects but als for rib anomalies. Furthermore, the spectrum of anomalies could be extended by auricular defects (A = anal atresia and auricular defects). When one of these VACTERL components is found attention should be drawn to the possibility of the presence of the other associated anomalies. The developmentally correlated malformations seen in the VACTERL syndrome are generally sporadically observed. At the present time the etiology is unknown but heterogeneity is suggested. Although a causal relationship between maternal intake of progesteron/estrogen during the vulnerable period of embryogenesis and the VACTERL syndrome has been suggested, none of the mothers of our patients were exposed to these hormones during early pregnancy. Cytogenetic investigation in one patient and his mother showed a so-called marker chromosome 9 (C9qh+ variant) which is difficult to interpret at the present time.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗