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Biomedical subjects

I Gruber

Publications and source records attributed to I Gruber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Time course of histomorphometric alterations in nerve grafts without connection to a muscle target organ: an experimental study in sheep.

In 15 adult sheep, the saphenous nerve (28 +/- 1.8 cm) was used for ipsilateral or for cross-nerve grafting and was sutured to the proximal stump of the cut, motor-nerve branch of the vastus muscle. The distal end of the nerve graft was left without a target organ. Semi-thin cross sections of normal vastus nerves and saphenous grafts and of the distal ends of the grafts were analyzed by computer-assisted planimetry, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after the nerve-grafting procedure. Electronmicroscopy was also performed on specimens from the distal ends of the nerve grafts. Comparing the total number of myelinated nerve fibers in the distal end of the graft, the ipsilateral group showed an increase with time elapsed since nerve grafting, while the cross-over group showed a maximum after 3 and 6 months, and fewer fibers after longer periods of regeneration. Independent of the time passed since nerve grafting, the diameters of the myelinated nerve fibers were homogeneously thin in both experimental groups. Most interesting, the cross-nerve grafts did more poorly than the ipsilateral ones, even before they were influenced by the target muscle. With ultrastructural investigation, the ends of the grafts containing only a few myelinated fibers also showed a low number of unmyelinated fibers, but an increase of collagen fibers. The results have consequences for the clinical application of cross-nerve grafting.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of the motivation of a tracing device in the hygiene phase of PA treatment].

In a clinical comparative study the effectiveness of an oral hygiene motivation tool (Parograph) was evaluated. 100 patients with periodontal diseases got oral hygiene instructions with the classic clinical methods (brush-techniques) and the motivation tool. As a result, only the patients with higher plaque index showed a faster significant reduction of plaque index when motivation tool was used. The comparison between other indices used were statistically not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effects of herbal agents on dental plaque and sulcus bleeding index].

This study was designed to examine the efficacy of plant-derived active substances in a combined application of toothpaste and mouth rinse on dental plaque and sulcus bleeding index and the pH values of the saliva. 50 healthy students of dentistry without periodontal diseases took part in this study. Over a period of 4 weeks half of the group used herbs, while the other half used a placebo preparation. The data of the oral examination were always obtained at 12 a.m., with the last food intake at least 1 hour before. The results revealed a significant reduction of plaque accumulation and bleeding signs under herbal extracts in contrast to the placebo preparation. The salivary pH values were shifted to the alkaline range in the herbal extract group whereas the placebo product showed the opposite effect. Our data demonstrate the usefulness of herbal extracts as an adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease and in a routine preventive regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative study of the measured values of different periodontal probes].

A 0.25 N hinged constant force probe (Borodontic) and two inflexible probes (WHO, PCP-11) were used for probing. The mean probing depth differences between WHO and Borodontic as well as between Borodontic and PCP-11 were significant. Deepest probing levels were found with WHO and shallowest levels with Borodontic. Also, the pockets in patients with higher sulcus bleeding index presented shallower probing levels with Borodontic than the other probes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The influence of herbal ingredients on the plaque index and bleeding tendency of the gingiva.

The effectiveness of medicinal herbs in both a toothpaste and oral rinse on dental plaque, sulcus bleeding, and the pH of total saliva was investigated in a single-blind study on 50 dentistry students between the ages of 23 and 28 years. Over a period of 4 weeks, 25 students used either placebo or preparations containing medicinal herbs. Parameters measured were the approximal plaque index (API) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). These were determined at the same time of day (12:00 P.M.), the last food intake having occurred at least 1 hour previously. Compared with the placebo preparations, the herbal ingredients significantly reduced both the API (initial value: 40.8%, final value: 23.9%) and the SBI (initial value: 33.4%, final value: 18.6%). The pH of the total saliva was significantly displaced into the alkaline range by the application of the herbal products, whereas the placebo products had a contrary effect. The results of this study suggest that herbal ingredients can be employed supportively in the therapy of periodontal diseases and for routine prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ipsilateral and cross-over elongation of the motor nerve by nerve grafting: an experimental study in sheep.

In difficult reconstructions, ipsilateral or cross-over nerve grafting is sometimes necessary to achieve reinnervation and motor function. This experimental study in sheep was to answer the question of limitation of elongation of a motor nerve by grafting, the question of the optimal time for suturing the nerve graft to the muscle nerve, and the question of the successful application of this surgical technique in extremities. In 18 sheep, the vastus nerve was elongated by a saphenous nerve graft as long as possible up to 30 cm (step 1). In 10 animals the nerve graft was applied ipsilaterally, and in 8 animals it was used as a cross-over nerve graft to the contralateral limb. The time between nerve grafting and connection of the distal end of the nerve graft to the freshly cut rectus nerve supplying the rectus femoris muscle (step 2) was variable: 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. In all animals, the final experiments (step 3) were performed 6 months after the last operation (step 2). Muscle force measurements in the rectus femoris muscle and quantitative analysis of the number and diameter of myelinated nerve fibers in cross sections of the nerve biopsies at different levels showed that elongation of a motor nerve by nerve grafting is principally not limited. The functional results were rather inhomogeneous and therefore unpredictable (ipsilateral group: maximum tetanic tension = 27 to 172 N; cross-over group: 0 to 227.5 N). Nevertheless, crossover nerve grafting is recommended for selected cases even in extremities. There was no correlation between the time interval between the two operations and the functional or morphologic results, although better functional results were obtained when the distal nerve suture (step 2) was performed some months after nerve grafting (step 1). A clear correlation was found only between the number of regenerated axons in the rectus nerve behind the second suture line and the muscle function.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Influence of conservative periodontal treatment on degree of gingival inflammation].

Assuming that conservative periodontal therapy is essential and important for the further surgical therapy, it was the purpose of this present study to investigate the effect of conservative periodontal therapy of gingiva. 50 patients were examined. Significant reductions of plaque index (42%) and bleeding index (29%) were obtained and statistically significant.

Dental Plaque Index↗
PubMed1990

[Gingiva pigmentation in PFM and amalgam restorations].

A 27-year-old white female patient, claiming her psychiatric disorder to stem from a mercury intoxication caused by amalgam restorations, was examined. Circumscribed gingival pigmentations were found around PM crowns cemented on amalgam fillings. The histologic and metallographic examination of the incisional biopsy sample of the pigmented lesion together with the toxicological results revealed no indication of a mercury intoxication. In order to enable corrosive reactions to proceed as slowly as possible PM crowns should not be in contact with amalgam fillings, as this case showed.

Adult↗