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Biomedical subjects

I Grzelak

Publications and source records attributed to I Grzelak.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Decreased suppressor cell activity after surgery.

The effect of surgery on suppressor cell (SC) activity assessed in a ConA assay and concentration of OKT8+ cells in peripheral blood were studied in 16 patients with stage 0 cancer of uterus. An evident decrease in the number of freshly obtained OKT8+ and cultured for 20 hr with ConA OKT8+ cells and subsequently a drop in whole blood suppressor activity were found in the immediate postoperative period. The recovery of SC activity but not of OKT8+ cell level was observed on day 5. A nonsignificant decrease in E-RFC suppressor activity compared with that of whole blood SC suggests that function of T-suppressors has not been affected. The non-T cells did not produce any suppressive effect. These results indicate that the postoperative drop in the blood SC activity is due to the temporary depletion and not to the depressed function of SC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of operative trauma on circulating blood mononuclear cells: analysis using monoclonal antibodies.

The influence of operative trauma on the quantity and proportion of cooperating mononuclear cells in peripheral blood of patients with stage 0 uterine cancer who underwent hysterectomy was studied using monoclonal antibodies. The percentage of OKM1+ cells (monocytes) had increased on day 1 by 12.4%, on day 3 by 24.8%, and had returned to normal by day 7. The percentage of large OKIa1+ cells (expressing Ia antigen) on day 1 was increased by 186.9%, while on day 3 it had returned to a normal level. There was a decrease on day 1 of the number and percentage of OKT3+ cells (all T lymphocytes) by 17.4%, OKT4+ cells (helper/inducer cells) by 27.9%, OKT8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic cells) by 24.6%, and small OKIa1+ cells by 49.4%. The number and percentage of T lymphocytes remained below the preoperative level throughout the observation period. However, the number of helper cells had increased significantly on day 5, while suppressor cells remained below the preoperative level during the entire observation period. The rising ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells reflected the kinetics of recovery of the helper over the suppressor cell population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in athymic (nude) rats.

The in vitro and in vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity of congenitally athymic, nude (ATH) rats and of normal, euthymic (EUTH) rats was compared. We found: a) a higher level of in vitro NK cell activity in blood, spleen and lymph nodes of ATH rats compared with their heterozygous littermates, b) in the spleen the number of NK lytic units per organ was not higher in ATH compared with EUTH whereas it was significantly higher in lymph nodes, c) a lack of age-dependence of in vitro NK cell activity tested in culture with heat inactivated fetal calf serum, d) a higher rate of in vivo elimination of target tumor cells in 4-week ATH rats compared with EUTH rats, e) an age-dependent decrease in the rate of in vivo target cell elimination in both groups, and finally, f) an age-dependent increase in the inhibitory effect of autologous serum on NK cell activity in vitro in both groups. These findings show that the blood and lymphoid organs of athymic rats contain a substantially higher proportion of NK cells, active both in vitro and in vivo against K562 tumor cells, than their euthymic littermates. In the spleen this increased proportion can be attributed to the lack of T cells, whereas in the ATH rat lymph nodes there is an absolute increase in NK cell activity, and that the decrease of cytotoxicity in vivo with age reflects the increasing inhibitory properties of autologous serum both in nude and in normal rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Suppressor cell activity in peripheral blood in cancer patients after surgery.

The influence of operative trauma on the responsiveness of PBM to PHA and Con A and the level of Con A-induced suppressor cell (Con A-SC) activity toward autologous responder cells (RC) were examined in patients with stage 0 uterine cancer after hysterectomy. The operation brought about a decrease on the second post-operative day in the responsiveness of PBM to various concentrations of PHA by 19.2-28.8% and to Con A by 31.2-41.8%, concomitantly with a decline in Con A-SC activity from 43.7 to 22.0%. When the Con A-SC were tested against RC obtained from blood samples drawn prior to surgery and stored at -196 degrees C, an increase in the post-operative SC activity from 41.6 to 52.2% was observed which might indicate a post-operative stimulation of SC. On the other hand, when Con A-SC were raised from PBM drawn before surgery and tested against RC obtained post-operatively, they displayed a decreasing suppressive activity from 27.2 to 2.7%. This might be due to the pre- and post-operative stimulation of RC. The observed changes were most likely caused by a transient decrease in the number of blood T lymphocytes, altered proportions of blood T cells to other PBM cells and probably a non-specific stimulation of autologous cells responding in the suppressor cell activity assay.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

High spontaneous and mitogen-induced activity of mononuclear cells in lymph draining normal human skin.

Lymphocytes in afferent lymph draining skin are derived from populations selected at the capillary level to enter the tissue space and which migrate spontaneously through the tissue to the initial lymphatics. These cells reveal a high spontaneous transformation rate in a 72 h culture. The mean 3H TdR incorporation was in a 24 h culture 2 times and in a 72 h culture 5 times higher than that of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same subjects. The lymph cells responded significantly stronger to low concentrations of PHA, ConA and PWM than the blood cells. Also, the peak response of lymph cells was apparent at lower concentrations of mitogen in culture than of blood cells. The lymph cell population revealing a high spontaneous transformation rate was found to be the OKT4 enriched subset (induced/helper). The findings of a high spontaneous activation of lymphocytes which trafficked through the normal skin and defining this highly reactive subset as an OKT4-positive and strongly responsive to mitogens, reflect the in vivo immune events in the normal skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cells in lymph draining normal human skin-monoclonal antibody analysis.

The immune cells which migrate into the human skin from the blood and subsequently leave it via lymph vessels play an important role in immune processes. We made use of the monoclonal antibodies, characterizing cell populations which migrate into the normal skin and which having traversed the tissue, could be recovered from the afferent lymph vessels. The percentage of OKM1+ cells (monocytes/macrophages, null cells) in lymph was low (8.9 +/- 1.6%) when compared to that of blood (16.5 +/- 4.6%) (p less than 0.05). The OKM1 antibody labeled only 40% of the large macrophage-like lymph cells. The percentage of OKT3+ (T cells) in lymph was higher (75.4 +/- 4.0%) than in blood (54.0 +/- 4.5%) (p less than 0.05) as was that of the OKT4+ (inducer/helper) subset (41.5 +/- 9.5 and 33.3 +/- 4.8%, p less than 0.05), while cells of the OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) subset were found to be less numerous in lymph than in blood. (18.4 +/- 6.2% and 20.3 +/- 4.9%, p less than 0.05). The OKI a1+ cell population consisted of large veiled macrophage-like cells and only very few small cells. Around 60% of the large mononuclear cells present in lymph reacted with OKT6 antibody specific for cortical thymocytes. The finding of high proportions of T cells, cells bearing la-like antigens, and a high inducer/suppressor ratio in normal prenodal lymph reflects the intensity of "physiological" immune processes in the normal skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biliary liver cirrhosis secondary to cystic fibrosis: a rare indication for liver transplantation.

As more effective therapies prolong the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis, there are now more patients in this population diagnosed with liver diseases. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is not a rare complication of mucoviscidosis. It is diagnosed in 20% of patients with mucoviscidosis; in 2% it is accompanied by portal hypertension. On average patients with portal hypertension and its complications are 12 years old. Liver transplantation is an accepted method of treatment for children with cystic fibrosis and portal hypertension. It eliminates the cause of the portal hypertension, decreases life-threatening medical conditions, and improves their nutritional status and quality of life. Despite immunosuppressive treatment they do not seem to beat increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections. On the contrary improved respiratory function and status are generally observed. We present our first case of orthotopic liver transplantation performed in a 29-year-old man with cystic fibrosis. The donor was a 42-year-old woman who died of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. The surgery was performed in September 2004. The patient received immunosuppression based on steroids, basiliximab, tacrolimus, and mycophenolic acid due to renal insufficiency. Antibiotic (meropenem) and antiviral prophylaxis (gancyclovir) were used. A 6-month period of observation confirmed the clinical data from the pediatric population-a good prognosis with improved nutritional status, respiratory function, and quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use Prometheus FPSA system in the treatment of acute liver failure: preliminary results.

UNLABELLED: The preliminary outcomes of patients with acute liver failure treated with the Prometheus Fractionated Plasma Separation and Absorption (FPSA) system are presented herein. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The procedures were performed in 13 patients (4, intoxication by Amanita phalloides; 4, unknown reason; 3, acetaminophen intoxication; 1, Wilson disease, and 1, liver insufficiency after hemihepatectomy owing to metastases of colon adenocarcinoma). The patients were qualified for the procedure according to the King's College Hospital criteria. The patients' general status was assessed on basic of GCS, UNOS, and the 4-grade encephalopathy classifications. The procedures were performed with the Prometheus 4008H Fresenius Medical Care unit. RESULTS: The 29 procedures were of mean duration 6.5 hours. There were statistically significant reductions in total bilirubin, ammonia, and aminotransferase levels. In addition, the procedures corrected water, mineral, and carbohydrate disorders. One patient did not require liver transplantation. Seven patients received liver transplants: three patients with positive outcomes; two died due to septicemia within 30 days perioperatively, one died at 6 months after OLT owing to respiratory failure; and one, owing to hemorrhagic diathesis. Four patients did not receive a liver transplant because of lack of a organ, no consent for the surgery, or neoplastic disease with metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The Prometheus FPSA-System was an effective detoxication method for patients with acute liver failure. The system was useful as a symptomatic treatment before liver transplantation allowing a longer wait for a graft.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of early biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation and their relationship to the technique of biliary reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION: Biliary complications are known as the weak point of liver transplantation. Their occurrence can be related to the practice of drainage of the biliary anastomosis, the routine use of which was abandoned in June 2004. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and type of biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation in relation to the technique of biliary anastomosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared the results of two groups of adult liver transplant recipients: group I, recent 50 transplantations with biliary drainage (25 women: 25 men of age range: 17 to 63 years), and group II, first 50 transplantations without drainage (19 women and 31 men of age range, 20 to 65 years). We examined the problem of biliary complications and their influence on the further management of the patients. In both groups the main indications for transplantation were various types of cirrhosis as well as cholestatic diseases. In the majority of cases (n = 86) an end-to-end common bile duct anastomosis was performed and in 14 cases, hepaticojejunal anastomosis. RESULTS: In group I, biliary complications requiring surgical or endoscopic intervention occurred in 10 (20%) recipients. In one case, biliary complications resulted in the need for retransplantation. In group II, biliary complications occurred in only four (8%) patients, none of which caused organ loss. CONCLUSION: Cessation of biliary anastomosis drainage has reduced the occurrence of early biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of donor's liver regeneration after left lobe harvesting for living-related liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Computerized tomography-assisted volumetry permits one to estimate the volume of the liver graft as well as to monitor the regeneration in the donor for living- related liver transplantation (LRLT). METHODS: The size of the whole liver and of the segments II, III, and IV was assessed in 64 living-related liver donors by preoperative computerized tomography (CT) volumetry. Segments II and III were harvested in 56 cases; segments II, III, and IV in 8 cases. The remnant liver was assessed by CT volumetry on postoperative days 7 and 30. RESULTS: There was a linear correlation between the calculated volume of the graft and its weight (R = 0.61, P < .04). Postoperative CT volumetry of the liver from a living-related donor showed a different pattern of volume restoration (regeneration index) both at 7 and 30 days among donors who sacrificed segments II and III versus segments II, III, and IV. The mean regeneration indices were significantly higher among donors of segments II, III, and IV compared with donors of segments II and III after 7 and 30 days (P < .05). DISCUSSION: It is possible that the donor liver displays a different pattern of growth due to the alteration in the blood supply to segment IV.

Family↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood transfusions downregulate hematopoiesis and subsequently downregulate the immune response.

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusions are associated with numerous clinical phenomena attributable to reduced posttransfusion immunocompetency. The exact mechanism by which blood transfusions induce a state of reduced immune responsiveness remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The effect of a large-volume blood transfusion on the frequency and responsiveness of immune cells in lymphoid compartments was examined in normovolemic rats. The effects of syngeneic and allogeneic blood transfusions were compared. RESULTS: The results in normovolemic rats were compared to those in nontransfused and saline-infused animals. In the normovolemic rats, there was a significant decrease in cells of erythroid lineage in bone marrow, with a slight increase in the percentage of cells in the bone marrow myeloid and lymphoid lineages; a significant increase in the percentage of the OX7+ Thy1+ cell population in bone marrow cells (stem cells are contained in this population) and blood cells; a decrease in the bone marrow OX6+ cell population (HLA class II-positive cells); a decrease in the responsiveness of blood, spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow cell populations to mitogens; and a downregulating effect of both syngeneic and allogeneic blood transfusions on hematopoiesis and cell responsiveness. CONCLUSION: Massive whole blood transfusion, either syngeneic or allogeneic, constitutes a strong downregulating signal for hematopoiesis, affecting the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cell lineages. It leads also to an attenuation of the responsiveness of hematopoietic tissues to mitogenic stimuli.

Animals↗