Body temperatures of winter-resident Korean bats typically range from 10 degrees to 40 degrees C between August and September and from 3 degrees to 15 degrees C between January and April. To learn how behavior and the motor systems of heterothermic bats respond to this body-temperature variation, we examined whole-organism performance and the temperature-dependence of contractile properties of flight muscle in Murina leucogaster ognevi. In winter and midspring, the lowest limits of body temperature were 8 degrees C for biting and crawling, 16 degrees C for visually observable shivering, 22 degrees C for wing flapping (without powered flight), and 28 degrees C for aerial flight. In summer, the lowest temperature limits changed little for biting and wing flapping, but the temperature limits increased about 3 degrees C for crawling, shivering, and flight. Maximum isometric tetanic tension of the isolated biceps brachii muscle was almost insensitive to tissue temperatures between 10 degrees and 40 degrees C, with an average temperature coefficient of 1.02 in summer and of 0.96 in winter. Rate of tetanic tension production between 10 degrees and 40 degrees C and shortening velocity and power between 15 degrees and 25 degrees C were temperature sensitive, with average temperature coefficients of 1.3-2.3. Seasonal differences in contractile properties within each temperature were not significant, except for maximum tetanic tension at 30 degrees - 40 degrees C. Thus, the motor system of the bats had functional capacity over the range of body temperature experienced in winter to summer. The temperature-dependence of behavior was consistent with muscle physiology. The defensive behaviors, like biting and crawling, observed at 8 degrees - 12 degrees C body temperature could be exerted by using temperature-independent tetanic tension, whereas activities, such as flight, that require power generation would be restricted to higher body temperatures by temperature-sensitive rate properties. Some rate processes appeared to be more temperature sensitive in summer than in winter.

Animals↗

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Late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip in infancy and childhood.

We report a multicenter long-term follow-up study of patients with septic arthritis of the hip during infancy or childhood. Group I ("infantile") consisted of patients with onset before age 3 months, and Group II ("childhood") consisted of patients in whom onset occurred after age 3 months. Patients were specifically examined for this review. Generally, patients at follow-up had poor anatomic appearance radiographically and scored poorly on the Harris rating system. However, pain and activity restriction were minimal. Patients who were not treated operatively tended to function better than patients who underwent operative reconstruction.

Adolescent↗

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Assessment of complex hip deformity using three-dimensional CT image.

We used three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) to define the bony configuration of the acetabulum and the proximal femur and their relationship to complicated and/or neglected congenital hip dislocations and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Three-dimensional CT was useful for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of hips with complex deformities, which were often difficult to assess by means of plain radiographs or conventional two-dimensional CT. The coverage of the femoral head under the acetabular roof and the severity of the hip dysplasia could be assessed easily with three dimensional CT, and acetabular and femoral torsion could be measured.

Child↗

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Changes of blood flow of the femoral head after subtrochanteric osteotomy in Legg-Perthes' disease: a serial scintigraphic study.

Serial quantitative scintigraphic studies using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate were performed on 25 hips with Legg-Perthes' disease to evaluate changes in local blood flow of the femoral head after subtrochanteric varizational and/or derotational osteotomy. Studies were made preoperatively and were repeated postoperatively at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks at 3 and 6 months, at 1 year, and finally at 2 years after osteotomy. The relative vascularity of the affected femoral head at 2 weeks after osteotomy was significantly decreased as compared with the preoperative value. Thereafter, it increased steadily, reaching the preoperative level by 6 months with no further statistically significant increase at < or = 2 years. Our scintigraphic study showed that local blood flow of the femoral head does not increase significantly after subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy in Legg-Perthes' disease.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

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Acquired vitamin D-resistant rickets caused by aggressive osteoblastoma in the pelvis: a case report with ten years' follow-up and review of the literature.

Rickets or osteomalacia secondary to tumor in either bone or soft tissue is rare and interesting in that it can be cured after removal of the tumor. The majority of the reported cases occurred in adults older than 30 years, and the most commonly associated types were vascular and fibrous tumors. We present a new case of aggressive osteoblastoma in the ilium, which induced vitamin D-resistant rickets in an 8-year, 9-month-old boy. Radiographs and blood chemistry findings on admission showed typical features of active hypophosphatemic ricketts. He underwent three local excisions of the tumor. At 10-year follow-up, the patient was symptom free but short. When a child has symptoms of rickets that develop relatively later than ordinary vitamin D-resistant rickets, every effort should be made to search out a tumorous lesion before attributing it to a renal origin.

Bone Neoplasms↗

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Pigmented villonodular synovitis in the sacral joint with extensive bone destruction in a child.

We report a 12-year-old girl who had pigmented villonodular synovitis with extensive bony erosion around the left sacroiliac joint. The lesion mimicked a primary bone tumor clinically and radiologically, but was a typical pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). The sacroiliac joint is an unusual site for PVNS, especially in the pediatric age group.

Bone Neoplasms↗

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Metatarsal lengthening in congenital brachymetatarsia: one-stage lengthening versus lengthening by callotasis.

We retrospectively reviewed and compared the outcomes of 15 one-stage metatarsal lengthenings with intercalary bone graftings in 10 patients with those of nine metatarsal lengthenings by callotasis in five patients younger than 15 years. In the one-stage lengthening group, the diaphyseal osteotomy site was gradually distracted intraoperatively for 20-30 min to relax the surrounding soft tissues. In the callotasis group, lengthening was achieved with mini-Orthofix M-100. There was little difference in the outcomes between the two groups in terms of length gain, percentage increase, and complications. However, the period to achieve bony consolidation was longer in the callotasis group (2.7 months/cm) than in the one-stage lengthening group (1.5 months/cm). No case of neurovascular impairment was found in both groups.

Adolescent↗

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Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of long bones: report of eight additional cases and literature review.

We report eight additional cases of focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FFCD) in the proximal tibia (five), distal ulna (one), and distal femur (two). Spontaneous, complete resolution of the lesion was observed in two tibiae and one ulna. Three tibial lesions with genu varum deformity were managed with osteotomy. Two femoral FFCDs caused persistent or progressive deformity: one genu valgum with patellar dislocation, and one genu varum. These patients underwent concomitant deformity correction and lengthening by the Ilizarov method. The final results were satisfactory in all patients except one, who underwent valgus tibial osteotomy and developed mild postoperative genu valgum. The analysis of a total of 46 cases in the literature and our experience suggests that (a) FFCD has a wide histopathologic spectrum, ranging from purely dense, fibrous tendon-like tissue to benign fibrocartilaginous tissue; (b) at least 45% of tibial FFCD demonstrates progressive, spontaneous resolution; (c) in contrast, femoral and humeral FFCDs appear to have a slim possibility of spontaneous regression of the deformity; and (d) corrective osteotomy is indicated when the deformity is increasing or persistent, or when the existing deformity is severe enough to jeopardize adjacent joint mechanics and alignment.

Cartilage Diseases↗

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Wedge-shaped distal tibial epiphysis in the pathogenesis of equinovalgus deformity of the foot and ankle in tibial lengthening for fibular hemimelia.

Fibular hemimelia is associated with an equinovalgus deformity of the foot and ankle and different degrees of wedging of the distal tibial epiphysis. This deformity is often a major problem during lengthening of the shortened tibia. To determine the significance of the wedge-shaped distal tibial epiphysis in the pathogenesis of the equinovalgus deformity of the foot and ankle during and after lengthening, we reviewed 20 patients who had undergone tibial lengthening by either the Wagner or the Ilizarov technique. The mean duration of follow-up after removal of the fixator was 5.2 years (range, 2.3-9.7 years). Three types of wedge-shaped distal tibial epiphyses were identified. A mildly wedged (type I) epiphysis was found in seven patients, a moderately wedged (type II) epiphysis was found in seven patients, and a severely wedged (type III) epiphysis, in six patients. Premature fusion of the lateral part of the distal tibial physis and growth retardation of the tibia were common after lengthening in patients with the type II or type III epiphysis. After lengthening, all patients with a type II or type III epiphysis had a recurrence or aggravation of foot deformities that existed before lengthening. This usually necessitated various secondary operative procedures to obtain a plantigrade foot. We believe that after lengthening, one should anticipate varying degrees of mild growth retardation and minimal foot deformity in patients with type I epiphysis, worsened asymmetric growth retardation and progressive foot deformity in patients with type II epiphysis, and severe growth retardation and severe foot deformity in patients with type III epiphysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective evaluation of fifty-three consecutive percutaneous epiphysiodeses of the distal femur and proximal tibia and fibula.

We evaluated 53 percutaneous epiphysiodeses performed in 50 children for limb length discrepancy or angular deformity. Five were unilateral epiphysiodeses, performed to correct angular deformity. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group I (35) were skeletally mature at an average follow-up of 3 years 3 months. Patients in group II (15) either underwent additional procedures to correct miscellaneous deformities (13 patients) or were unavailable for final follow-up evaluation (two patients). The average follow-up for patients in group II was 3 years 2 months. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant difference (p = 0.97) in the actual discrepancy at follow-up and the discrepancy at maturity as calculated by standard growth charts.

Adolescent↗