PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I H Grant

Publications and source records attributed to I H Grant.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Toxoplasma gondii serology in HIV-infected patients: the development of central nervous system toxoplasmosis in AIDS.

Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis is an important infectious complication of AIDS which requires prolonged treatment. Most cases occur in patients with serologic evidence of prior exposure and therefore appear to result from reactivation of a previously acquired infection. Antibody to Toxoplasma gondii was found in 130 out of 411 patients with AIDS (32%). Of these, CNS toxoplasmosis developed in 31 (24%). By survival analysis, the estimated probability of ever developing CNS infection in antibody-positive individuals was 28%, occurring in 26% of patients within 2 years of the onset of AIDS. All patients with HIV infection should be tested for antibody to T. gondii and monitored for any neurologic change. Methods of prophylaxis for CNS toxoplasmosis in these high-risk patients need to be developed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Fungal infections in AIDS. Cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidioides immitis are the three fungi that regularly cause disseminated, life-threatening disease in patients with AIDS. Cryptococcosis is the fourth most common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS and results in meningitis or pneumonia or both, in most cases. In addition, there have been unusual focal infections described and even unexplained fever alone. In any patient at risk for HIV infection, routine screening tests should include serum cryptococcal antigens, and this test should be repeated whenever new symptoms or signs appear. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment with amphotericin B is mandatory and a response should be expected. The necessity for combination therapy with flucytosine has not been documented. When the disease is under control and a course of 1 to 2 gm of amphotericin B has been administered, a maintenance suppressive regimen using amphotericin B at least weekly must be given. Oral azole regimens, such as ketoconazole or fluconazole, are under study and offer promise of a more easily managed maintenance program.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Management of infectious complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Infectious complications are the most common cause of death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Opportunistic infections associated with defects in both T and B lymphocyte function have been observed. Invasive infections, including those secondary to procedures both in and out of the hospital, must also be considered. Reliance on serologic antibody tests is ill-advised since antibody response is often not effective. Since simultaneous infections frequently develop in patients with AIDS, attempts to identify pathogens by culture and histopathology should be aggressive and thorough. With rapid diagnosis and therapy, many of the infections will respond. Prolonged treatment is indicated as recrudescence is common.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1980

Broiler chickens as potential source of Campylobacter infections in humans.

Of 46 broiler chickens from a live poultry market in New York City, 38 (83%) harbored Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in their rectal flora. The observed mean number of C. fetus per g of feces was 4.4 x 10(6). The organisms survived in the feces for at least 96 h at 4 degrees C whether stored in the gut or transferred to a vial. The best survival medium for pure cultures of C. fetus subsp.jejuni was heart infusion broth supplemented with sterile blood and kept in a microaerophilic atmosphere.

Animals↗