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Biomedical subjects

I Häkkinen

Publications and source records attributed to I Häkkinen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Finding colorectal tumours with an immunological faecal occult blood test in symptomatic primary health care patients.

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether an immunological double faecal occult blood test (Fecatwin-S/FECA-EIA) can be used in screening patients with symptoms suggestive of colonic or rectal origin in primary health care. Altogether 523 patients were referred to the study by general practitioners. Three kits were used for the faecal samples and each time the sample was taken from two places of the faeces. If the guaiac test (Fecatwin-S) was positive, the immunological test (FECA-EIA) was performed. All 71 patients with an immunotest absorbance value of over 0.8 were investigated with colonoscopy and this group had 13 cancers, eight adenomas and one hyperplastic polyp. A control group of 41 consecutive patients with an absorbance value under 0.8 had one adenoma and three hyperplastic polyps. The uninvestigated FECA-EIA negative patients had no malignant colorectal tumours in the mean follow-up period of 2.2 years according to hospital records. All cancers had very high absorbance values, the mean value being 2.461. With adenomas the mean absorbance value was 1.912 and with hyperplastic polyps 0.814. Most of the diagnosed cancers and adenomas were in patients over 65 years of age. The study indicates that the immunological occult blood test is a useful tool for a general practitioner in finding bleeding colorectal tumours. The number of needless clinical examinations can be lowered which is important especially among elderly patients. However, the test-negative patients should be retested or investigated if symptoms continue.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Adenoma residua in colorectal cancer. A study of 34 colorectal cancers detected by an immunological occult blood test.

A retrospective histological study was made searching for adenoma remnants in 34 colorectal cancer specimens detected by the quantitative and human Hb-specific immunological FECA-EIA test for occult blood in the faeces. As a control group, 34 colorectal cancer preparations from routine hospital material were studied in a similar manner. A difference was found between these materials, 12 out of 34 study cancers showing adenoma residua compared with only two in the control group. Even if a proportion of colorectal cancers is apparently not associated with adenomas, it is suggested that the existence of adenoma remnants is a sign of biologically early tumour development and consequently, it might correlate with a favourable prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Gastric cancer associated structure in mucus glycoproteins shown as a clinically useful marker.

A new monoclonal antibody has been developed which is capable of detecting structures in gastric mucus glycoproteins expressed in the fetus and in adult gastric mucosa in conditions such as gastric carcinoma. Cancer associated monoclonal antibodies were selected by testing them against various mucous glycoprotein samples from the alimentary tract, including salivary glycoproteins from both secretory and non-secretory subjects, and cancerous and normal gastric juice glycoproteins. They were tested against 1000 samples of gastric juice from an unselected population. Immunochemical characterisation suggested that the glycoproteins picked up by P4 and i11 include one of the compounds reacting with rabbit anti-fetal sulphoglycoprotein antigen serum. On the basis of a clinical trial and immunohistological evaluation further evidence was obtained of P4 as the most promising antibody for further experimentation. A total of 302 gastric juice specimens from patients with various gastric symptoms were analysed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique and P4 antibody. Of 10 gastric cancers, nine had P4 in the gastric juice. A positive correlation was found between gastric ulcer and the appearance of P4. Duodenal ulcers were not correlated to P4. Atrophic gastritis and P4 coincided less frequently. Raised P4 values were found in between 3% and 9% of subjects, depending on the population. Cancer cases showed high P4 values, which allows adjustment of the lower limit of a positive result to high level whereby a considerable number of non-cancerous P4 positives are omitted.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Screening of colorectal tumours using an improved faecal occult blood test. Quantitative aspects.

A recently developed double test for detecting faecal occult blood (a sensitive guaiac test combined with a quantitative immunological human haemoglobin test), was adapted to population screening. The study involved an unselected population of 10,343, aged 49-74 years. There was 66.5% participation. 174 colonoscopies were done, yielding seven adenocarcinomas, 44 adenomas and four hyperplastic polyps. By eliminating benign anal tract bleeding, the number of endoscopies decreased from 340 to 174. Most tumours showed an absorbance over 0.80, and it is suggested that by setting the lower limit of positivity at the 0.80 absorbance level, the number of clinical examinations could fall to about 1%, without substantially missing tumours.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Intestinal-type carcinoma of gallbladder. A histochemical and immunologic study.

Two intestinal carcinomas of the gallbladder are presented. In both carcinomas the structure was papillary in superficial parts; the deeper ones also tended to an adenomatous structure. One of the tumors was bordered by a mucosa, with both intestinal- and antral-type metaplastic islands. The tumor was mainly a typical papilloma with malignant degeneration and infiltrative growth. The intestinal structure was morphologically clear in the papillary area of both carcinomas, but not distinct in the invasive part of the tumor. In both tumors, goblet cells and columnar cells with a distinct brush border were noted. Histochemical and immunologic methods were used in the identification of the glycoproteins of the tumor cells. With both methods the intestinal character of the tumor could be shown. A positive fluorescence was achieved with an intestinal antiserum in well-differentiated tumorous areas containing goblet cells, as well as in the intestinal metaplastic areas. In the same areas the gallbladder-specific antigen was negative. The antiserum isolated from the normal gastric mucosa and corresponding to neutral glycoprotein gave a positive fluorescence only in the nontumorous metaplastic gastric superficial-type epithelium and in the metaplastic antral-type glands.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Electrophysiological findings in diphenyl poisoning.

The fungistatic agent diphenyl caused fatal poisoning with signs of neurotoxicity in a worker in a Finnish paper mill. This initiated a neurophysiological study of 24 workers occupationally exposed to diphenyl. Ten men showed EEG abnormalities, mainly diffuse or generalized ones. The abnormalities persisted on re-examination one and two years later. Nine subjects had EMG abnormalities; seven also exhibited fibrillations in some muscles. One subject showed a long rhythmic series of fasciculations similar to the spontaneous activity described in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Nerve conduction velocity, especially that of slower motor fibres, was reduced in several cases. Electroneuromyographic abnormalities also persisted on re-examination. Although diphenyl is considered a comparatively safe chemical, it showed evidence of neurotoxicity when workers were exposed to concentrations in excess of the presently accepted threshold limits. Electrophysiological methods should be applied for the early detection of occupational hazards.

Adult↗