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Biomedical subjects

I Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to I Hansen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Morphometry and residual strain in porcine ureter.

Recent studies on blood vessels, the heart, trachea and esophagus have shown that these organs in the zero-stress state are not closed circular cross-sections of rings, but open sectors. Any analysis of stress and strain must begin with organs in the zero-stress state. This report presents data on morphometry of the zero-stress and no-load states of the porcine ureter, and on residual strains and opening angles. The zero-stress state of the ureter is demonstrated by cutting the ureter into rings and cutting the rings into sectors; each sector is characterized by an opening angle. The outer and inner circumferences, the cross-sectional area of the ureteral wall and the number of buckles showed axial variation, with the highest values proximally in the ureter. Residual strain in the circumferential direction was significant, but showed no axial variation. The opening angles were approximately 30 degrees at the most distal and proximal sites and approximately 90 degrees in mid-ureter. The opening angle showed positive correlation to the wall thickness in the zero-stress state, residual strain at the outer circumference and negative correlation to the length of the outer circumference in the zero-stress state. Residual strains must be taken into account when studying physiological problems in which the stresses and strains are important, e.g. the urine transport function of the ureter.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

[Castleman's disease--difficult diagnosis].

A case of Mb. Castleman of the localized plasma cell type is reported. This disease expresses several symptoms from different organ systems and therefore an extensive investigation program is often performed. Diagnosis is possible through consideration of all clinical components at the same time: Refractory anaemia, high and refractory SR, weight loss, B-symptoms, but at the same time a relatively good health. CT-scan-demonstration of a localized tumour is an important clue. Histopathologically, the tumour shows vascular hyperproliferation and plasmacytosis of varying maturation. Immunophenotyping of the plasma cells and immunoblasts usually reveals a polyclonal population. Needle biopsies from several regions may be necessary to detect the polyclonality, because monoclonality is often widespread locally in the tumour. HHV8 is correlated to the multicentric PC-type of Mb. Castleman. However, no HHV8 was found in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Trend in incidence and case fatality of meningococcal disease over 16 years in Northern Denmark.

The incidence and case fatality rates of meningococcal disease were assessed in the county of Northern Jutland, Denmark, during the 16-year period from 1980 to 1995. A total of 320 patients were identified from the Meningococcal Research Database, which comprises information from the following sources: (i) the Department of Public Health, to whom notification of meningococcal disease is obligatory; (ii) the Regional Hospital Discharge Registry; and (iii) the register of the regional department of clinical microbiology. In order to assess prognostic indicators assessable at admission, information was collected for each patient from hospital records regarding contacts, symptoms and signs on arrival, laboratory data, and course of disease. The mean incidence was 4.3 cases per 100000 persons per year (range, 2.7-7.7). The incidence increased slightly during the period studied. Overall, the case fatality rate was 9.7%, with a significant rise occurring during the period (P=0.016) and a peak occurring in 1992. Advanced age (> or = 50 years), seizures, impaired consciousness, and skin bleeding on arrival at hospital were predictors of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Outcome of pre-hospital antibiotic treatment of meningococcal disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of pre-hospital antibiotic treatment given by general practitioners to patients with meningococcal disease. DESIGN: A 16-year population-based historical follow-up study based on referral letters and hospital records in the County of North Jutland, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 320 patients with meningococcal disease, of whom 302 were examined by a general practitioner before admission to hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death. RESULTS: 44 patients (14.6%) were given antibiotic treatment by the referring general practitioner. Nine of these (20.5%) died, compared with 16 (6.2%) patients who did not receive pre-hospital antibiotic treatment. The presence of skin bleeding, petechiae, and impaired consciousness were strongly associated with case fatality. Even after adjustment for these variables the odds ratio (OR) for death in patients treated with antibiotics was high (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 0.9-10.6). In the 15 patients with skin bleeding (ecchymoses, suggillations) the case fatality rate was 100% in patients treated with antibiotics, and 50% in patients who did not receive antibiotics before hospitalization. If skin bleeding was replaced in the models by the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation on admission, the OR for death in patients with pre-hospital antibiotic treatment was 35.9 (95% CI, 2.9-441.8) in the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and 1.9 (95% CI, 0.2-19.5) in its absence. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-hospital treatment is mainly given to the most severe cases with expected high case fatality, and this confounding by indication was probably not fully adjusted for with the available data. The results contradict previous findings but provide reason to doubt the benefit of pre-hospital antibiotic treatment in patients with meningococcal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Flow cytometric identification of myeloid disorders by asynchronous expression of the CD14 and CD66 antigens.

Using a multiparameter flow cytometry assay enumerating cells positive for CD13, CD14 and CD66 antigens, we determined the asynchronous CD14/CD66 co-expression in unselected bone marrow and peripheral blood samples with suspected malignant blood disorders. CD14/CD66 co-expression > or = 5% were found in 131/691 bone marrow samples. Only 55 of these exhibited an identifiable population in 2-parameter flow cytometry histograms. Of the 55 samples 43 (78%) came from patients with myeloid disorders; e.g. 11 with myelodysplastic syndromes, 15 with chronic myeloproliferative disorders and 17 with acute myeloid leukaemia. Only one of these 17 cases was a de novo case, while 8 were secondary to another malignant haematological disease and 8 were from the period after cytoreductive therapy. Notably, CD14/CD66 co-expression patterns were related to disease categories; e.g. in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia following a dysplastic phase the co-expression displayed two subsets in peripheral blood, low-avidity CD14 and low-avidity CD66, respectively. The latter disease category also exhibited these 2 subsets in bone marrow. In all other cases, the CD14/CD66 co-expression in bone marrow was heterogeneous. In conclusion, abnormal CD14/CD66 co-expression might be a valuable parameter in defining asynchronous myelopoiesis in malignant myeloid disorders, especially myeloproliferative disorders and secondary acute myeloid leukemias.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1996

Identification of patients treated with strong analgesics: an assessment of two Danish information systems with respect to epidemiological research.

Pain is a significant health problem, and there is considerable need for clinical and epidemiological research in this topic. A prerequisite for doing research on patients treated with strong analgesics is that it is possible to identify the patients. We assessed two Danish population-based information systems, in which patients treated with strong analgesics are registered by using the patients' personal registration numbers as identifier. The two systems, which we compared, were (1) a surveillance system administered by the National Board of Health, and (2) the drug prescription register in the Danish National Health Service. During August 1994, 3787 patients were registered in the surveillance system and 3812 in the National Health Service in North Jutland County. Ninety-five persons were registered only in the surveillance system, and 120 only in the National Health Service register. A capture-recapture analysis showed a coverage of 96.9% for the surveillance system and 97.5% for the National Health Service. We thus conclude that the two systems form a valuable study base of patients treated with strong analgesics in epidemiological research.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Primary systemic amyloidosis. A report of 2 cases.

We report 2 cases of primary systemic amyloidosis. A monoclonal gammopathy was confirmed at the postmortem examination of the first patient. An extensive search for evidence of chronic infection, inflammation, neoplasms and paraproteinemia was conclusively negative in the other patient. The recognition of cutaneous signs of primary systemic amyloidosis is crucial to insure a rapid management aimed at postponing the fatal issue of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of milk processing on the concentration of folate-binding protein (FBP), folate-binding capacity and retention of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pasteurisation, UHT processing and fermentation on the concentration of folate-binding proteins (FBP) and their folate binding capacity in comparison with the retention of the most predominant folate from, 5-CH3THF. The amount of folate-binding protein (FBP) was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Unprocessed milk and pasteurised milk were found to contain similar amounts, 211 and 168 nmol/l, of FBP, respectively. UHT-processed milk and Yoghurt naturelle, both processed at temperatures above 90 degrees C, contained only 5.2 and 0.2 nmol/l FBP, respectively. As an indication of the protein-binding capacity free and protein-bound folates were analysed after charcoal treatment using the radio-protein binding assay method (RPBA). These results indicated that all folates in unprocessed milk and pasteurised milk were protein-bound, while folates in UHT-processed milk and Yoghurt naturelle occurred freely which is supported by our findings on FBP. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that unprocessed milk, pasteurised milk, UHT-processed milk and Yoghurt naturelle contained 44.8 +/- 2.1 (n = 10), 41.1 +/- 0.9 (n = 10), 36.1 +/- 1.8 (n = 10) and 35.6 +/- 9.1 micrograms/l (n = 10) 5-methyltetrahydrofolates (5-CH3THF), respectively, after deconjugation. Corresponding values for total milk folates analysed using radio-protein binding assay were 80.4 +/- 0.9 (n = 10), 64.2 +/- 2.7 (n = 10), 48.2 +/- 1.8 (n = 10) and 54.0 +/- 8.2 micrograms/l (n = 10), respectively. Hence, both methods indicated significant (P < 0.05) losses of 5-CH3THF as a result of pasteurisation, UHT processing and fermentation, compared with unprocessed milk. In spite of apparent discrepancies in folate concentrations obtained using the two different methods, these results support the equimolar ratio of FBP and folates in unprocessed and pasteurised milk when data on 5-CH3THF, obtained using HPLC were corrected for differences in recovery. Thus, heat processing of milk not only reduced the amount of 5-CH3 THF significantly, but also changed the concentration of FBP and the folate-binding capacity of FBP, which may have implications on the bioavailability of milk folates.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Behavioural expression of laying hens in aviaries and cages: frequencies, time budgets and facility utilisation.

1. We studied: behavioural frequencies and time budgets of behaviour patterns in non-beak-trimmed White Leghorn layers housed in cages (720 cm2/hen, 3 hens/cage), and in the Marielund, the Tiered Wire Floor (TWF), and the Laco-Volétage aviaries (17 hens/m2 ground area); individual variation in behaviour among aviary hens; spatial utilisation of the different types of aviary. 2. At 25, 40, and 60 weeks of age behaviour patterns of 114 focal animals were data logged. Each bird was observed for 10 min 4 times a day on three consecutive days. 3. The frequency of activity transitions and the activity level was highest in TWF, second highest in cages, and lowest in Laco-Volétage, suggested that Laco-Volétage hens were the calmest, whereas birds in cages and in TWF were more restless. Abnormal types of behaviour occurred most often in cages and TWF. The disadvantageous behaviour patterns shown by birds in TWF and cages imply that these environments were the least appropriate for this layer strain. 4. Pronounced individual variations in mobility and facility utilisation were found, both within and between the three aviaries. Resting levels were used twice as much (Laco-Volétage), and litter areas one third as much (Marielund), as that expected on a simple a proportionate basis. Most feather pecking was performed at resting levels and on feeding floors, whereas most agonistic behaviour patterns were observed on feeding floors and litter. 5. Measures to improve the aviaries are outlined.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Digestion of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed on diets consisting of oat fractions rich in beta-D-glucan.

The digestibility of polysaccharides and other major components and the metabolic response of the microflora in the small and large intestines to oat diets varying in mixed linked beta(1-->3; 1-->4)-D-glucan (beta-glucan) were studied in experiments with ileum-cannulated pigs. The oat fractions for diets were prepared in a dry milling process in which oat groats were milled into two endosperm fractions (oat flour 1 and oat flour 2) and oat bran. The digestibility of polysaccharides and the metabolic response of the microflora were followed for the two contrasting diets, oat flour 1 and oat bran, from ingestion to excretion while the digestibility of oat groats and oat flour 2 were estimated only at the ileum and in faeces. There was no degradation of beta-glucan from either oat flour 1 or bran in the stomach and the first, middle and distal thirds of the small intestine (average digestibility approximately 0), while in the terminal ileum digestibility increased to 0.30 to 0.17 respectively. The digestion of starch in the first third of the small intestine was lower for the high-beta-glucan oat-bran diet (0.49) than for the low-beta-glucan flour diet (0.64). However, digestibility differences between the two diets levelled out as the digesta moved aborally in the small intestine and the digestibility at the terminal ileum was almost complete (0.970-0.995) for all diets. Oat non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) were an easily digestible energy source for the microflora in the large intestine less than 13% of dietary NSP being recovered in faeces. The bulk of beta-glucan which survived the small intestine was degraded in the caecum and proximal colon while arabinoxylan was more slowly degraded. The amount of residues passing the ileo-caecal junction has little impact on the density of micro-organisms in the large intestine, which on the flour and bran diets were in the range of 10(10)-10(11) viable counts/g digesta, but a high impact on the activity of the flora in colon. Oat bran resulted in a higher proportion of butyric acid in large intestinal content compared with the flour diet. The faecal bulking effect of oat bran was mainly caused by an increased excretion of protein and fat, presumably of bacterial origin. Of all the diets tested the oat-bran diets had the lowest digestibilities of protein and fat at the terminal ileum and in the faeces.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. A case report.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis occurring most frequently during induction chemotherapy for a variety of malignancies. We report a case of NEH in a 41-year-old woman with acute myeloblastic leukemia under daunorubicin, cytarabine and etoposide chemotherapy. She developed red, tender and painful nodules on a shoulder. The lesions resolved spontaneously. Histological examination is mandatory as the clinical presentation of this dermatosis is highly polymorphic. Leukemia cutis, sepsis, deep fungal infection and Sweet's syndrome must be excluded as these implicate different therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Oat bran but not a beta-glucan-enriched oat fraction enhances butyrate production in the large intestine of pigs.

Digestibility of polysaccharides and other macronutrients and the metabolic response of the microflora in the large intestine to a low dietary fiber wheat flour diet and three enriched diets with equal amounts of added dietary fiber (oat bran, a beta-glucan-enriched oat fraction and insoluble oat residues) were studied in ileal-cannulated pigs. The digestibility of starch was high in the small intestine (98-100%). At this site of the gastrointestinal tract there was also a significant degradation of mixed linked beta (1 --> 3; 1 --> 4)-D-glucan (beta-glucan) (45-54%), whereas arabinoxylan was quantitatively recovered in ileal effluent. Type and amount of polysaccharides passing the ileal-cecal junction had little effect of the density of microorganism in the large intestine (approximately 10(10) viable counts/g digesta) but did have a high impact on the activity of the flora in colon as measured by the concentration of ATP in digesta. The relative proportion of butyrate in the short-chain fatty acids in the luminal contents of the large intestine was 6.6-8.4% when the low dietary fiber wheat flour diet was fed. However, when either oat bran or insoluble residues were included in the diet, the level was raised to 9.3-11.2%. No effect was seen after the addition of the beta-glucan-enriched fraction. This study showed that arabinoxylan and not beta-glucan in the cell walls of oat bran was responsible for the enhanced butyrate production of oat bran.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Gastrointestinal implications in the rat of wheat bran, oat bran and pea fibre.

The gastrointestinal (GI) effects of three different dietary fibre (DF) sources: wheat bran (WB), oat bran (OB) and pea fibre (PF), were compared with a low-fibre diet in a 4-week trial with rats (initial bodyweight 210 g). The DF sources varied widely in chemical composition, solubility and water-holding properties, and particle size. The DF sources were mixed into diets to comprise the same amount of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP; 135 g/kg dry matter (DM)). Compared with the control diet, all fibre-containing diets reduced apparent digestibility of DM, energy, and protein significantly but to different extents. The ranking order of faecal DM bulking followed that of NSP recovery in the faeces: WB > OB > PF > control. The elongating effect of the diets on the GI tract was most pronounced in the rats fed on the OB diet. The mean transit time (MTT) of the OB diet was similar to that of the control diet (approximately 37 h), which was significantly slower than the MTT of the WB and PF diets (approximately 23 h). The study confirms that no simple cause and effect relationship exists between chemical composition, physical properties, and physiological effects of dietary fibre and their effects along the GI tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nutrient digestibilities in ingredients fed alone or in combinations.

Digestibility coefficients (DC) of protein, dry matter, energy, starch, and dietary fibre in individual feedstuffs were used to predict the DC in feed mixtures. Digestibility studies with growing rats involved six feed sources: soya-bean meal, barley, rapeseed meal, peas, wheat bran and wheat, given individually and in various combinations, i.e. fourteen diets in total. True digestibility of protein (TD) and apparent digestibility of starch could be predicted in feed mixtures from their respective DC values for the individual ingredients, except in the diet composed of peas + barley. Dry matter (DM) and insoluble dietary fibre digestibilities in the mixtures could also be calculated from their individual DC values. Energy digestibility could be predicted in all mixtures except for barley + wheat and peas + wheat. Although the discrepancies were significant, the differences were not great. The digestibility of soluble dietary fibre in the mixtures could be predicted as for the individual ingredients in all but three diets: rapeseed meal + barley, peas + barley and peas + wheat. The results confirm that DC values for TD, DM, energy, starch and dietary fibre in mixtures can be calculated with high precision from DC determined from individual ingredients. Caution should be taken though when mixtures contain a high amount of dietary fibre, especially of the soluble type.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Daily food intake and digestibility in rats.

The present work with growing rats was undertaken to study the effect of daily food intake (DFI) on true protein digestibility (TD), and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), energy (DE), starch, soluble dietary fibre (SDF) and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF). The design involved two different dietary combinations, barley + rapeseed meal (diet 1) and oats + wheat bran (diet 2). A slight but significantly negative relationship was seen between DFI and TD on diet 1 while no such relationship was found on diet 2. Although significant, DFI influenced DM digestibility of both diets only slightly. A similar situation could also be seen for the effect of DFI on DE. The digestibility of starch was significantly affected by DFI on both diets even though the lowest values were as high as 0.994. SDF digestibility (fermentability) was not influenced by DFI when the rats were given diet 1, while there was a significant negative effect of DFI on digestibility of SDF when diet 2 was given. The digestibility (fermentability) of IDF was not affected by DFI on either of the two diets. The results confirm the existence of a weak negative relationship between DFI and digestibility of a range of nutrients although the effect seems to be only marginal and of no importance under practical feeding conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions. 1. Digestibility and bulking properties of polysaccharides and other major constituents.

The present work was undertaken to study the gastrointestinal effects of wheat and oat dietary fibre (DF) using 40-50 kg pigs cannulated in the terminal ileum. The variables studied were: chemical characteristics of the DF, ileal and faecal digestibility of nutrients and bulking properties of polysaccharides and other major constituents. The wheat products studied included refined wheat flour and wheat fractions rich in the following botanical components: aleurone, pericarp/testa and bran. The oat products used were rolled oats and oat bran. The products varied considerably in DF content (g/kg dry matter) and composition; non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and Klason lignin content ranged from 34 and 1 g/kg respectively in wheat flour, to 465 and 92 g/kg in pericarp/testa. The main NSPs in the wheat were arabinoxylans (AX) (64-69%) and cellulose (15-31%) and in oats mixed linked beta(1----3; 1----4-D-glucans (beta-glucans; 46-63%) and AX (28-32%). The lowest content of soluble NSP was found in the lignified wheat fractions (bran and pericarp/testa) and the highest in oat bran. Eight diets were produced using the wheat and oat products and studied in two series of experiments using wheat flour as the DF-depleted control. The diets in Expt 1 were based on wheat flour and three iso-DF enriched diets prepared by adding DF from the fractions rich in wheat aleurone, pericarp/testa or bran. In Expt 2, oat bran was added to wheat flour to achieve the same DF intake level as in Expt 1. This series also included diets based on rolled oats and rolled oats plus oat bran. Starch was almost completely digested in the small intestine (0.97-1.00). However, there was a tendency to a slightly lower digestibility of oat starch compared with wheat starch. The recovery of wheat NSP in ileal digesta was 82-104% compared with 64-66% for oats. The low recovery of NSP in oat diets was primarily due to the low recovery of beta-glucans (25-36%). In the large intestine NSP and starch residues were extensively degraded. For the DF-depleted control diets or diets based on oats, 8-17% NSP survived breakdown while in the diets enriched with aleurone, pericarp/testa or bran fractions, NSP recovery was 33, 50 and 38% respectively. Fermentative breakdown of carbohydrates in the large intestine was estimated to contribute between 10 and 24% of the energy for maintenance. Energy derived from the inflow of organic acids from the ileum contributed an additional 1-4% of maintenance energy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions. 2. Microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract.

The present work was undertaken to study the microbial activity in various segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of pigs as influenced by the source and level of wheat and oat dietary fibre (DF). Eight experimental diets were prepared from wheat and oat fractions and studied in a series of two experiments using wheat flour as the DF-depleted control. The diets in Expt 1 were based on wheat flour and three iso-DF enriched diets comprising fractions rich in wheat aleurone, pericarp/testa or bran. In Expt 2, oat bran was added to wheat flour to achieve the same DF intake level as in Expt 1. This series included further diets based on rolled oats and rolled oats plus oat bran. The eight diets were given to thirty-two ileal-cannulated pigs, with sixteen pigs in each experiment. After a total period of 34 d (Expt 1) and 42 d (Expt 2), the pigs were slaughtered 4 h post-feeding and samples taken for adenine nucleotides (adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP); adenylate energy charge (AEC)), organic acids (lactic acid (LA); short chain fatty acids (SCFA)) and pH at twelve sites of the GI tract. The microbial activity as measured by the ATP concentration was low in the stomach and the cranial two-thirds of the small intestine, but tended to increase in the distal third. In the caecum a sharp rise in microbial activity was observed; the highest level was found for the diet providing most fermentable substrates. In all the diets but the rolled oats + oat bran diets, microbial activity showed a descending pattern as the digesta moved through the colon. In the large intestine source and level of residues had a marked influence on microbial activity. LA was the chief organic acid in the stomach and small intestine (10-40 mmol/l) while LA relative to SCFA was a minor component in the caecum and colon (10-20 mmol/l). The contribution of SCFA to total organic acids was reciprocal to LA, i.e. low in the stomach and small intestine (less than 20 mmol/l) and high in the caecum and colon. In the large intestine the concentration of SCFA decreased from 100-140 mmol/l in the caecum and proximal colon to 40-80 mmol/l in the distal colon. The acetic: propionic acid ratio increased from the caecum to the distal colon. With the diets based on oat alone (rolled oats; rolled oats + oat bran) the increase was less significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenine Nucleotides↗