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Biomedical subjects

I Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to I Hashimoto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Association of annexin V with prolactin in the rat anterior pituitary gland.

When pituitary extracts were subjected to non denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, an unknown protein was found to associate with a proportion of the prolactin. This protein was dissociated from prolactin by sodium dodecyl sulfate. The protein was purified and sequenced. As the amino terminus was blocked, the amino acid sequences of three peptide fragments were determined. The obtained sequences of 41 amino acids were identical to partial sequences of a known protein, rat Annexin V. The molecular mass, 36 kDa, was also the same as the molecular weight of Annexin V. The existence of Annexin V mRNA in rat pituitary glands was also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. These results show that Annexin V, a member of the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, is synthesized in the rat pituitary gland, and suggest its association with prolatin in the gland.

Animals

Somatosensory evoked potential correlates of psychophysical magnitude estimations for air-puff stimulation of the foot in man.

Short air-puff stimuli were applied to the sole of the right foot to obtain both psychophysical and neurophysiological responses. The detection threshold (So) was first determined, and six levels of stimulus intensity above threshold were adopted for magnitude estimation. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were also recorded over the foot projection area (2 cm posterior to Cz) for the six stimulus intensities. Six components (N40, P45, N55, P70, N80 and P90) were recorded within 100 ms following stimulation. A power function with an exponent of 0.94 provided an adequate description of the magnitude estimation values as a function of stimulus intensity, as was verified by the high correlation coefficient (r = 0.87; P < 0.001). Similarly, stimulus-amplitude functions of P45-N55, N55-P70 and P70-N80 SEP components were well represented by power functions with exponents of 0.62, 0.63 and 0.78, respectively. The SEP latencies as a function of stimulus intensity had negative power functions. The latency functions of the P45 and N55 components had the largest negative power exponents (-0.17 and -0.15) and showed the highest negative correlations (r = -0.70 and -0.71, respectively) with the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that both the amplitude and the latency information encoded in the SEPs may contribute to the magnitude estimation of the stimulus.

Adult

Somatosensory evoked potential correlates of psychophysical magnitude estimations for air-puff stimulation of the face in man.

Air-puff stimuli were applied to the skin of the face to obtain psychophysical and neurophysiological responses. Six levels of stimulus intensity above threshold were adopted for numerical magnitude estimation and for recording somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). A power function with an exponent of 0.71 provided an adequate description of the magnitude estimation values as a function of stimulus intensity, as was verified by the high correlation coefficient (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). Six SEP components (N15, P20, N30, P40, N50 and P65) were recorded during the 100 ms following stimulation. Stimulus-amplitude functions of the various SEP components were well represented by power functions. The P20-N30 component had the highest power exponent (0.66) and also the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.55, P less than 0.001). The SEP latencies as a function of stimulus intensity had negative power functions. The latency function of the P20 component had the largest negative power exponent (-0.10) and showed the highest negative correlation (r = -0.62) with the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that processing of intensity information occurs at a relatively early stage within the central nervous system, and that both the amplitude and latency information encoded in the SEPs may contribute to stimulus processing.

Adult

Input-output relation of the somatosensory system for mechanical air-puff stimulation of the index finger in man.

This study examined input-output relation of the somatosensory system in response to mechanical air-puff stimuli applied to the volar aspect of the tip of the index finger. Compound sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) from the median nerve at the wrist and cerebral somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were simultaneously recorded at six levels of stimulus intensity above threshold. Using the time-integral of the SNAPs and SEPs as measures of peripheral and central neural activity, a strongly accelerating power function with an exponent of 1.35 was found to describe peripheral neural function, while central neural function was described by a negatively accelerating function with a power exponent of 0.50, suggesting suppression of SEPs by recruitment of units with increasing stimulus intensity. It was concluded that input-output relation of the somatosensory system can be described by a decelerating power function with the exponent of 0.37.

Action Potentials

Inhibitory effect of the leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist against hypomagnesic diet-induced dermatitis in hairless rats.

In vivo experiments have shown that magnesium deficiency elicits characteristic skin lesions in the hairless rat. However, the mechanism of the involvement is not clarified. From the results of previous studies, a product derived from arachidonic acid, but not via the cyclooxygenase pathway, has been considered as an etiological cause. In this study, the inhibitory effect of newly produced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist (LTBRA) against these skin manifestation was examined in hairless mutants given a hypomagnesic diet. Control animals with treatment of LTBRA developed eruptions on their bodies with increasing serum levels of LTB4, but LTBRA-treated animals did not suffer from the cutaneous disorder. Increased serum levels of LTB4 in control rats were significantly higher than those in the pre-treated condition. The diminution of skin lesions by LTBRA strongly indicated that magnesium deficiency dermatitis may involve a lipoxygenase-mediated metabolite of arachidonic acid, presumably LTB4, and that the cutaneous changes in hairless rats fed with hypomagnesic diet might provide an easily identifiable indicator of LTB4-mediated dermatitis.

Animals

Analysis of left ventricular regional wall motion in normal neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate neonatal circulatory change by quantitative analysis of left ventricular regional wall motion. DESIGN: Random prospective study. SETTING: Department of paediatrics in a teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 66 neonates born after a normal pregnancy, labour, and delivery. INTERVENTIONS: Quantitative analysis of left ventricular regional wall motion was performed on cross sectional echocardiograms. M mode, cross sectional, and Doppler echocardiograms were obtained simultaneously. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Manually traced endocardial contours at end diastole and at end systole were realigned by superimposing the centre of the ventricular mass and the axis. The contours were divided into 24 segments with 24 radii of equal arc from the centre. Then the ratio of the change in area between the outline of the contour and the two hemiaxes was calculated automatically. RESULTS: There was hyperkinesis of the interventricular septum in the first 24 hours after birth which continued until the end of the first week. Simultaneous echocardiographic examination showed evidence of pulmonary hypertension, as indicated by an increase in the ratio of the right pre-ejection period to the right ventricular ejection time (RPEP/RVET) and of the diameter ratio of the pulmonary artery to the aorta and a shortening of the acceleration time of pulmonary arterial blood flow. These features disappeared within a week. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperkinesis of the interventricular septum may reflect circulatory changes that are characteristic of the early neonatal period.

Diastole

[Magnetic resonance imaging: evaluation of the Blalock-Taussig shunts and anatomy of the pulmonary artery].

The morphology and circulation of the pulmonary arteries and shunt vessels were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 8 patients with cyanotic heart disease after a Blalock-Taussig shunt operation. Their ages ranged from one month to 17 years. MRI permitted assessment of the size and patency of the Blalock-Taussig shunts, as well as the size and morphology of the pulmonary arteries in all patients. Measurements of the vessel diameters on MRI correlated well with the angiographic measurements (main pulmonary artery, r = 0.98; right pulmonary artery, r = 0.98; left pulmonary artery, r = 0.98; and Blalock-Taussig shunt, r = 0.97). MRI successfully imaged 3 of 4 shunt obstructions and 3 of 4 pulmonary stenoses with high resolution. In assessing peripheral pulmonary stenosis or obstruction, MRI was superior to echocardiography, the latter being unable to image peripheral pulmonary arteries satisfactorily. We concluded that MRI is an excellent noninvasive method for serially evaluating the anatomy and function of Blalock-Taussig shunts and pulmonary arteries, which is particularly useful for children with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Adolescent

Increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (stromelysin) in skin fibroblasts from patients with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3 = stromelysin) was examined in the skin fibroblasts obtained from patients with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Steady-state mRNA level of MMP-3 was selectively increased in the unstimulated RDEB cells by a post-transcriptional mechanism. A parallel study on the susceptibility of type VII collagen to MMPs revealed that this type of collagen is degraded by MMP-3, but not by MMP-1 (collagenase). These data suggest that MMP-3 may play an important role in the blister formation fo the skin in RDEB patients by the degradation of anchoring fibrils consisting of type VII collagen.

Blotting, Northern

Multi-unit activity in sensory fibers is related to intensity of sensation evoked by air-puff stimulation of the glabrous hand in man.

An analysis of a multi-unit activity (MUA) recorded from the median nerve at the wrist was undertaken to study intensity coding in the peripheral somatosensory system. Brief air-puff stimuli were applied over the glabrous hand to obtain neural and psychophysical responses. The detection threshold (So) was determined and 6 above-threshold stimulus intensities (So + 0.25 kg/cm2, So + 1.25 kg/cm2, So + 2.50 kg/cm2, So + 3.75 kg/cm2, So + 5.00 kg/cm2, and So + 6.25 kg/cm2) were adopted for magnitude estimation. MUA was recorded for the 6 stimulus intensities and for the threshold (So) level. Response duration, number and frequency of the MUA were evaluated as candidate coding parameters for stimulus intensity. A simple power function with an exponent of 1.03 provided an adequate description of the magnitude estimation function. Similarly, stimulus-response functions of the 3 parameters defining the MUA were well represented by straight lines in double logarithmic plots, with the function of the MUA number having the highest power exponent (0.98) and also the highest correlation coefficient. The results suggest that the total number of MUA, representing spatial recruitment, is the most relevant coding parameter for the subjective magnitude estimation of the stimulus intensity.

Adult

Conduction velocity and temporal dispersion of the nerve volleys evoked by air-puff stimulation of the index finger and palm.

Air-puff stimuli were delivered to 5 successive sites (3 cm increments) over the index finger and palm to record propagating sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) from surface electrodes over the median nerve at the wrist. SNAPs consisted of a series of individual peaks (N1, P1, P2, N2 and P3) and the corresponding peaks in the records with stimulation at the various locations could be identified. The apparent conduction velocity of the first peak determined from the stimulation point at the finger tip to the wrist was 38 m/sec. With stimulation of the more proximal locations it became even slower. This paradoxical slowing is due to an increasing effect in the calculation of conduction velocity of the utilization time at the receptors for air-puff stimulation at progressively proximal sites. Segmental conduction velocity estimated between adjacent stimulus sites was 10-20 m/sec faster than the distal conduction velocity between the finger tip and the wrist. Within each segment, the conduction velocities of the individual peaks were not significantly different. These findings, together with invariant durations of the negative components (N1 and N2) in the propagating SNAPs along the ascending digital nerves, lead to the conclusion that the separate peaks are not the result of temporal dispersion due to differences in conduction velocity of skin afferents, but are primarily due to a more peripheral receptor mechanism involving variable delays in activation of different classes of mechanoreceptors.

Action Potentials

Multichannel measurements of magnetic compound action fields of the median nerve in man.

Magnetic compound action fields (CAFs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist were recorded with 7-channel 2nd-order SQUID gradiometers. CAFs measured over the elbow and upper arm were biphasic with field patterns and polarities corresponding to the depolarization and repolarization fronts of the action potential volley.

Action Potentials

Compound activity in sensory nerve fibers is related to intensity of sensation evoked by air-puff stimulation of the index finger in man.

An analysis of a population response recorded from the primary afferents was undertaken to study the neural signs of intensity coding in the peripheral somatosensory system. Short air-puff stimuli were applied to the volar aspect of the tip of the index finger to obtain both neural and psychophysical responses. The detection threshold (So) was first determined and 6 levels of stimulus intensity above threshold (So + 0.25 kg/cm2, So + 1.25 kg/cm2, So + 2.50 kg/cm2, So + 3.75 kg/cm2, So + 5.00 kg/cm2, and So + 6.25 kg/cm2) were adopted for magnitude estimation using the stimulus level of So + 2.50 kg/cm2 as the standard stimulus. The subject was asked to give a numerical estimate of the intensity of a series of stimuli randomly presented. Compound sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were also recorded from surface electrodes over the median nerve at the wrist for the 6 stimulus intensities. Eight SNAP components (4 positive and 4 negative) were recorded within 10 msec following stimulation. A simple power function with an exponent of 0.85 provided an adequate description of the magnitude estimation function, as was verified by the high correlation coefficient (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). Similarly, stimulus-amplitude functions of individual SNAP components were well represented by straight lines in double logarithmic plots. The function of the late N2-P3 component had the highest power exponent (0.80) and also the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.59, P less than 0.001). The functions of other SNAP components had considerably lower power exponents with lower correlation coefficients. Thus, a mismatch between neural and psychophysical functions was obvious when individual neural functions were compared with the psychophysical function. Conversely, it was found likely that the total number or time-integral of peaks in the population response was a more pertinent parameter of neural activity and, thus, had a closer correlation with the psychophysical response.

Adolescent

Expression of glutathione S-transferase-pi in malignant skin tumors.

GST-pi has been known to be markedly increased in human (pre) neoplasms of several organs. In this paper, the significance of immunohistochemical detection of GST-pi in human malignant tumors of the skin was studied. In specimens from 40 patients with various skin cancers, malignant melanoma, Paget's disease and undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma showed strong reactivity in GST-pi staining. The reactions were negative or weak in Bowen's disease, basal cell epithelioma and solar keratosis. In normal melanocytes, eccrine, apocrine, and breast gland cells stained positively but not in keratinocytes, sebaceus gland and fibroblasts. While immunohistochemical detection of GST-pi in the skin was not specific for malignancies, it contributed to aid the distinction of squamous cell carcinoma from other keratinocytic tumors. GST-pi might provide potentially useful information on chemosensitivity of skin cancer, and might serve as a biomarker of disease activity.

Biomarkers, Tumor

Eccrine syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia in a patient with bullous pemphigoid: a case report and review of the literature.

A 76-year-old man with multiple erythematous lesions on his palms and soles which appeared following bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the subject of this case report. The lesions were not raised above the normal skin level, and there were no nodules on the erythematous lesions. The lesions had the histologic appearance of eccrine syringofibroadenoma. This condition is considered to be not a true tumor but a hyperplasia of eccrine sweat ducts following recurrent subepidermal blister formation in BP.

Adenofibroma

Latencies of peripheral nerve and cerebral evoked responses to air-puff and electrical stimuli.

This study examined the latency relationship between mechanically and electrically elicited sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) and the somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) they produce. Brief air-puff and electrical stimuli were applied to the tip of the index finger in separate trials and SNAPs from the median nerve at the wrist and SEPs from the scalp were recorded for each stimulus presentation. Air-puff evoked SNAPs were polyphasic, usually consisting of 2 to 4 separate waves, unlike triphasic activity elicited by electrical stimulation. The SEPs produced by these 2 distinct forms of inputs, however, were similar in morphology. The latencies of the initial components of SNAPs and SEPs were longer for air-puff stimulation. The conduction time, however, of the fastest afferent volleys from the wrist to cortex was not significantly different for air-puff (20.52 +/- 1.06 ms, mean +/- SD) and electrical stimulation (20.17 +/- 0.66 ms). It is therefore concluded that the latency delays for air-puff evoked SNAPs and SEPs are due solely to a transduction time at the skin receptors and not due to differences in conduction velocities as suggested in the previous literature.

Adult

Interleukin-1 induces collagenase production by recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa fibroblasts.

We examined the direct effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the collagenase production by epidermolysis bullosa (EB) fibroblasts. Addition of IL-1 at concentrations of 2.5 x 10(-4) units/ml or below in the culture media greatly enhanced collagenase production by two cell lines of recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB) fibroblasts. They produced 4.82 +/- 0.04 to 5.93 +/- 0.39 units/ml of enzyme, as compared to 0.02 +/- 0.07 units/ml in the absence of IL-1. In contrast, collagenase production by two cell lines of dominant dystrophic EB (DDEB) and normal fibroblasts was not, or only slightly, increased up to 0.69 +/- 0.28 units/ml. IL-1 concentrations of 2.5 x 10(-3) units/ml or higher failed to induce collagenase production by all fibroblasts. 3H-thymidine uptake increased by about 110-376% of control after IL-1 treatment. In addition, these data were obtained using fibroblasts of the 13-15 passages, suggesting that the property might be determined genetically. Although RDEB seems to be a wide heterogeneous group, the present data strongly suggest that the property may be specific to and characteristic of some types of RDEB cells.

Cells, Cultured

[Magnesium deficiency dermatitis--changes in leukotriene levels and effects of azelastine hydrochloride on the dermatitis and leukotriene B4].

To estimate the pathogenesis of magnesium deficiency dermatitis (MDD) in the hairless rats fed with a hypomagnesic diet, plasma concentrations of leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4) were measured. Inhibitory effect of azelastine hydrochloride (AZ), which is known as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, on MDD was also evaluated. In the hairless rats with magnesium deficiency condition, plasma level of leukotriene B4 was increased, whereas LTC4 and LTD4 showed no changes. In AZ-administered rats, MDD was depressed with the dose-dependent tendency. However, the decrease of LTB4 level did not follow therapeutic effect of AZ for gross appearance of dermatitis. These results indicated that development of MDD associates with increase of LTB4, but its pathogenetic role still remains unknown, and inhibitory effect of AZ against MDD not based on reduction of LTB4 production.

Animals

Interleukin-1 levels in blister fluids of some skin diseases with blister formation.

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) concentrations in 32 blister fluid samples from 26 patients with several bullous dermatoses were determined using a radioimmunoassay technique in order to investigate the relation between IL-1 levels and blister formation. In epidermolysis bullosa, cases with the recessive dystrophic type showed normal levels, but about half of the cases of the simplex type demonstrated high levels. In autoimmune bullous diseases a tendency to higher levels was observed, and especially a patient with herpes gestationis had remarkably high levels. The high IL-1 levels in 25% (3/12) of samples from burn patients are probably related to the severity of inflammation and the duration after bulla formation. Since the IL-1 levels showed no great change in time courses of days, observations in the shorter term, i.e. in the course of hours, will be more useful.

Autoimmune Diseases