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Biomedical subjects

I Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to I Hashimoto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole during and after surgical operations].

Cefmetazole (CMZ), with its relatively broad antibacterial spectrum, good stability to beta-lactamases and a high degree of safety, has established a place in the antibacterial therapy. In this study the pharmacokinetics of CMZ during and after surgical operations were investigated. CMZ in a dose of 2 g was administered intravenously to 15 cases operated upon for ailments of abdominal organs (10 cases of cholecystolithiasis and 5 cases of early or resectable gastric cancer). The serum samples were taken during and on the 2nd or the 3rd day after operation. Concentrations of CMZ in serum were measured by bioassay with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. CMZ concentrations during the operation was at higher level than on the 2nd or the 3rd day after the operation. In cholecystolithiasis, the half-life time (T 1/2) was 2.11 hours during operation and 1.42 hours after the operation. In cases of gastric cancer, T 1/2 was 1.31 hours during operation and 2.21 hours after the operation. In cholecystolithiasis, area under the curves (AUCs) were 469.39 micrograms.hr/ml during operation and 294.44 micrograms.hr/ml after the operation. In cancer cases, AUC's were 339.83 micrograms.hr/ml during and 329.75 micrograms.hr/ml after operation. Any postoperative infections and adverse reactions were not observed in these cases. Therefore, CMZ would be very effective and available for its prophylactic role.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical significance of a physical activity index based on calorimetry in the assessment of quality of life after total gastrectomy].

In order to characterize the objective diagnostic criteria concerning quality of life (QL) of patients after total gastrectomy, a physical activity index (PAI) or a concept of daily physical activity was developed. Sixty patients of gastric cancer, of whom 38 patients underwent long loop Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (LLRY) procedure after total gastrectomy, 13 patients gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I) and 9 patients gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II) after subtotal gastrectomy, respectively, were evaluated as part of this study. In addition, 3 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and 5 cases of total esophagectomy were also evaluated. The evaluation of QL was based upon a clinical assessment and administration of patient questionnaire. The assessment of the PAI was performed by measuring the individual's whole day energy expenditure based upon 24 hour heart rate ratio (24h-HRR) method and the basal metabolic energy expenditure. The daily physical activity was graded into four categories according to the PAI value; light, moderate, moderately heavy and heavy. The results obtained were as follows: The value of the energy expenditure predicted by 24h-HRR method and that based on the results of bicycle ergometry (VO2/HR method) showed close correlation. There was no significant difference in the whole day energy expenditure among four operative procedure groups (Billroth I, Billroth II, LLRY and total esophagectomy). More than 80 per cent of LLRY patients, whose QL was evaluated as "excellent" or "good", showed no less than "moderate" PAI. In addition, one of the four patients whose QL was "fair" was categorized into "light" and the remaining three were "moderate".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical studies on cefuroxime axetil in acute mastitis].

Cefuroxime (CXM), with its relatively broad antibacterial spectrum, good stability to beta-lactamases and high safety, has an established place in antibacterial therapy. However, like many other cephalosporins, its clinical application is rather limited due to the need for parenteral delivery. Recent work has led to the development of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX, SN407) which is the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of CXM is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and promptly cleaved to cefuroxime thereafter. CXM-AX, in a dose of 500 mg, was given after meal by oral administration 3 times daily for 5-8 days to 10 lactating outpatients with acute mastitis. Ages of the patients ranged from 26 to 44 years, and body weights ranged from 48.0 to 59.0 kg. Clinical response was assessed as excellent in 2 cases, good in 8 cases and fair or poor in none. No adverse effects were observed. Seven strains of organisms were isolated from 7 cases. They included 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The MICs of CXM were under 3.13 micrograms/ml with inoculume size of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml. In 1 case, CXM concentrations in puruloid milk and in healthy milk were measured by bioassay with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism. The CXM concentrations in healthy milk ranged from 0.09 to 0.59 microgram/ml (mean: 0.32 +/- 0.25 microgram/ml) at 30 to 90 minutes after oral administration of 500 mg CXM-AX. The CXM concentrations in puruloid milk ranged from 0.57 to 1.05 micrograms/ml (mean: 0.74 +/- 0.27 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Lentigo maligna melanoma with deep invasion along the mental nerve.

A case of lentigo maligna melanoma on the vermilion of the right lower lip which invaded deeply along the mental nerve is described. The patient also had sensory loss and numbness in the area innervated by the mental nerve, which was the only sign of this rare mode of invasion in this case. Early excision of the lentigo maligna lesion is stressed, and if the patient complains of sensory disturbances in the area of the lesion, this might be a sign of deep invasion of the tumour along the nerve bundle.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Changes in plasma progesterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during diestrus and ovulation in rats with 5-day estrous cycles: effect of antibody against progesterone.

Progesterone secretion remained significantly higher during diestrus in the 5-day cyclic rat than in the 4-day cyclic animal. Injection of a sufficient amount of antiprogesterone serum (APS) at 2300 h on metestrus in a 5-day cycle advances ovulation and completion of the cycle by 1 day in the majority of animals (75 and 80%, respectively). Progesterone (250 micrograms) administered with APS eliminated the effect of the antiserum. Within 2 h after administration of APS, levels of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) elevated significantly, while a significant elevation of plasma estradiol above the control value followed as late as 36 h after the treatment. None of the 5-day cyclic rats treated with APS showed ovulatory increases of FSH and LH at 1700 h on the second day of diestrus, although 3 of the 4 animals receiving the same treatment ovulated by 1100 h on the following day. The onset of ovulatory release of gonadotropins might have been delayed for several hours in these animals. These results indicate that recurrence of the 5-day cycle is due to an elevated progesterone secretion on the morning of diestrus, and suggest that a prolongation of luteal progesterone secretion in an estrous cycle suppresses gonadotropin secretion. Rather than directly blocking the estrogen triggering of ovulatory LH surge, the prolonged secretion of luteal progesterone may delay the estrogen secretion itself, which decreases the threshold of the neural and/or hypophyseal structures for ovulatory LH release.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Myocarditis in mice infected with Coxsackie virus B3.

Perimyocarditis in the heart of BALB/c mice infected with Coxsackie virus group B type 3 (CB3) was studied to determine whether it is limited to the right perimyocardium and to show whether or not perimyocarditis or myocardial lesions are produced in both left and right ventricles. CB3 was recovered from the heart on days from 2 to 13 after inoculation, but thereafter no virus was isolated from any part of the heart. Histopathologically, from days 1 to 4, hyaline or granular degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibres with or without calcium deposits and an inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration was limited to the right perimyocardium. On days 6 to 18, however, degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibres and an inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration were found not only in the right perimyocardium, but also in both left and right ventricular wall, the left perimyocardium, both right and left endomyocardium and the septum. In the right ventricular lesions, the incidence and intensity of the histopathological changes in the perimyocardium were greater than those in the muscular layer or septum. In contrast, in left ventricular lesions, the incidence and intensity of the histopathological changes in the muscular layers were greater than those in the peri- and endo--cardium. It is inferred, therefore, that the right perimyocardium and left ventricular wall are more susceptible to CB3 infection than right ventricular wall or left peri- and endocardium. It is concluded that CB3 can produce not only right-sided perimyocarditis, but also both right and left ventricular lesions and endocardial or septal changes in the mouse heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Cefsulodin concentration in exudates from drainage of patients with acute peritonitis following intravenous administration].

Cefsulodin (CFS), a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, shows a potent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Gram-positive bacteria, whereas it shows low activity against many Gram-negative rods. Against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, CFS was about 10 times more active than sulbenicillin and carbenicillin, and had a similar activity to gentamicin and dibekacin. The CFS was administered by an intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 1 g to each of 14 patients operated for acute peritonitis with drainage or radical mastectomy with drainage to treat breast cancer. These cases included 3 of localized peritonitis due to perforative appendicitis, 3 of diffuse peritonitis due to perforative duodenal ulcer, 2 of panperitonitis due to intestinal obstruction and perforative sigmoid colon cancer, 4 of subacute cholangitis, localized peritonitis T-tube choledochal drainage due to choledocholithiasis, and 2 of breast cancer. Materials from drain exudate were taken at intervals with sterilized paper discs and CFS concentrations were determined by the paper disc bioassay method with P. aeruginosa NCTC 10490 as the test organism. Serum concentrations of CFS just after injection reached 135.4 +/- 66.1 micrograms/ml, and they were 2.7 +/- 1.5 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection. Concentrations in purulent exudates of patients with acute peritonitis increased quickly after intravenous bolus injections, and reached maximum levels relatively early after injection in cases 2 to 3 days after operation. In cases 10 to 13 days after operation, CFS levels were comparatively low and reached to peak levels at 4 to 5 hours after injection. Levels of CFS in purulent exudate tended to increase in proportion to the severity of symptoms, as did CFS levels in appendix wall. Pseudomonas spp. were not isolated in this study, but MICs of CFS were mostly around 1.56 to 3.13 micrograms/ml when clinically isolated Pseudomonas spp. were present at 10(6) cells/ml. Levels of CFS in infected exudate were higher than the above MIC values against Pseudomonas spp. Therefore, CFS were a useful drug for the chemotherapy against pseudomonal infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of cefotiam in the exudate from wounds of patients with breast cancer operated upon for radical mastectomy.

Cephalosporin antibiotics have been widely used to prevent infections during and after operation. To establish an efficient use of prophylactic antibiotics for patients undergoing surgery, it is important to investigate the drug levels in exudate from wounds of the patients and to elucidate the relation between drug concentration in the blood and that in the exudate. In a previous paper, the present authors (except E.M. and Y.K.) determined cefotiam (CTM) concentrations in serum and exudate from wounds of patients with breast cancer who underwent radical mastectomy and discussed an adequate regimen of CTM prophylaxis after the operation. However, CTM concentrations in serum and exudate from the wounds of the patients were not analyzed pharmacokinetically. In the present paper we report on the disposition kinetics of CTM in serum and exudate from wounds after the administration of CTM following bolus intravenous injection into patients with breast cancer operated upon for radical mastectomy.

Adult↗