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Biomedical subjects

I Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to I Hashimoto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Cefminox concentration in tissues and clinical efficacy of cefminox in acute peritonitis].

Cefminox sodium (CMNX, MT-141), a new semisynthetic cephamycin, having marked resistance to beta-lactamase, and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against various bacterial species, including Haemophilus influenzae, Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii, CMNX has higher activity in vivo than in vitro. For therapeutic purpose, CMNX was given in a daily dose of 0.5 g (0.5 g X 1) to 2 g (1 X 2) by intravenous drip infusion for 4 to 8 days to 24 cases with acute peritonitis (17 cases with acute appendicitis, 1 with localized peritonitis after gastrectomy, 1 with diffuse peritonitis due to perforative duodenal ulcer and 5 with panperitonitis due to intestinal obstruction). The clinical response was rated excellent in 9 cases, good in 14 cases and fair in 1 case and poor in none. No adverse effect was observed. There were 29 strains isolated organisms included 12 Escherichia coli, some Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These isolated organisms were eradicated after CMNX treatment, except a strain of E. faecalis was decreased. In 19 cases of them, 16 cases with acute peritonitis due to acute appendicitis and 3 cases with acute panperitonitis due to intestinal obstruction, CMNX was administered intravenously in a dose of 1 g (1 case was 0.5 g) before or during the operation, and tissue specimens and body fluids samples were taken during the operation. CMNX concentration was determined to a bioassay with Escherichia coli NIHJ or Vibrio vercolans ATCC 8461 as the test organisms. CMNX concentrations in purulent ascites were 47.2 +/- 38.5 micrograms/ml (n = 23), those in infected appendix wall were 32.2 +/- 21.7 micrograms/g (n = 16), that in pus in appendix were 22.1 +/- 24.3 micrograms/ml (n = 8) and that in other non infected tissues were 24.3 +/- 22.0 micrograms/g (n = 8). CMNX concentrations in infected tissues were higher than the non infected tissues. In the 3 cases with empyemic appendicitis, CMNX levels in pus in appendix were more higher than that in appendix wall itself. Therefore, CMNX sodium appears to be a very useful drug when used for chemotherapy on acute peritonitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[A case of surgical correction of the inferior vena cava obstruction with Budd-Chiari syndrome].

A 37-year-old man is presented with Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with a membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Clinical symptoms were ascites, leg edema and dilatation of the superficial abdominal veins. Aggressive surgery was carried out for this case. Midsternal incision and right subcostal oblique incision were made, and hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava was reconstructed using pericardial patch after endovenectomy and partial cardiopulmonary bypass was used without temporary interruption of liver circulation. Blood flow from the right hepatic vein was restored. Postoperative course was not eventful and this patient remains free of any evidence of ascites and liver dysfunction after operation. This procedure may be useful particularly for protecting the liver function which is damaged by hemostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies on aztreonam following intravenous drip infusion].

Aztreonam (AZT), a new synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, which is resistant to beta-lactamase and has a strong and specific activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patients of 13 cases with localized peritonitis due to acute appendicitis, 3 cases with panperitonitis (1 case with perforative appendicitis, 1 with acute cholecystitis and 1 with pancreatic necrosis) and 4 cases with skin and soft tissue infection (anal fistula and abdominal abscess etc.) were treated by AZT. AZT was administered in a dose of 1 g twice a day by intravenous drip infusion using 100 ml-volume bottle preparation with saline for 4 to 10 days. Clinical efficacy was rated excellent in 2 cases, good in 16 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case (efficacy rate 90.0%). Adverse effects were small skin rash in 1 case, and increased GOT and GPT in 1 case. No adverse effect was recognized in other cases. Therefore, AZT appears to be very useful drug when used for chemotherapy of infectious diseases in surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies on fosfomycin sodium following intravenous administration (tissue concentration and clinical efficacy)].

Fosfomycin (FOM) is a synthetic antibiotic having a unique structural formula and bactericidal mechanism and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species. It has higher activity in vivo than in vitro. As therapy, FOM-Na in a daily dose of 4 g (2 g X 2) was given by intravenous drip infusion for 5 to 10 days to 6 cases with infectious diseases (2 cases of acute cholecystitis, 3 cases of acute localized peritonitis due to phlegmonous appendicitis and 1 case of acute diffuse peritonitis due to perforative appendicitis). The clinical response was rated as "excellent" in 1 case, "good" in 4 cases, "fair" in 1 case and "poor" in none. No adverse effects were observed in any of the patients. Six clinical isolates were obtained, and these consisted of 4 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain each of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacteroides fragilis. The MICs of FOM were from 6.25 to 12.5 micrograms/ml for E. coli, 50 micrograms/ml for K. pneumoniae, and 100 micrograms/ml for B. fragilis. FOM-Na was administered to the 6 cases intravenously in a dose of 2 g before surgery, and tissue specimens and body fluid samples were taken during the operation. The FOM concentration was determined by bioassay with a Proteus sp. (MB 838) as the test organism. The mean FOM concentration in bile from the common bile duct was 61.85 +/- 17.13 micrograms/ml (n = 5) at 95 to 108 minutes after FOM-Na intravenous bolus injection. The mean FOM concentration in the gall bladder bile was 80.06 +/- 92.36 micrograms/ml, while that in the gall bladder wall was 146.65 +/- 39.10 micrograms/g. The mean FOM concentration in purulent ascites was 58.20 +/- 13.29 micrograms/ml, 36.22 +/- 14.63 micrograms/g in the appendix wall and 12.64 +/- 11.34 micrograms/ml in pus in the appendix. The FOM concentrations in the infected tissues and body fluids thus exceeded the MICs of FOM for the pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, FOM-Na appears to be a very useful drug when used for chemotherapy of infections encountered in the surgical field.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural studies on the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis in monkeys infected with poliovirus.

Poliovirus was inoculated intraspinally into cynomolgus monkeys to determine whether nerve cell damage in the central nervous system (CNS) is due primarily to virus multiplication in the neuron or to secondary effects of virus multiplication in the supporting cells. Electron-microscopically, the development of cytopathogenesis and of membrane-bound vesicles and virus particles in the neurons of the CNS in monkeys infected with poliovirus was compared with that of infected cultured cynomolgus monkey kidney (CMK) cells. The structure of membrane-bound vesicles in cytoplasm of damaged motoneuron was examined and found to be similar to the vesicles in infected cultured CMK cells. Virus-like particles were detected occasionally around or within membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm of degenerating motoneurons as well as cultured CMK cells, although intracytoplasmic crystals were not detected in the neuron. No virus particles or membrane-bound vesicles were found in astrocyte foot plates, microglia, oligodendrocytes, axons, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory cells. In addition, poliovirus antigen was detected only in the nerve cells of the CNS by the immunoperoxidase technique, although specific staining was never found in the supporting tissues. From the present results we suggest that membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm of the motoneuron are closely correlated with virus multiplication and that damage of the nerve cell is due to the direct action of the poliovirus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of enterovirus 71 isolates from patients with encephalitis and with hand, foot and mouth disease.

Biological and biochemical characters of seven enterovirus 71 (E71) isolates were compared. Four isolates (two from patients with hand, foot and mouth disease [HFMD] and two from patients with encephalitis) grew in cynomolgus monkey kidney cells both at 39.5 and 35 degrees C. However, the remaining three strains (from patients with HFMD) grew at 35 degrees C, but not at 39.5 degrees C. Three temperature-resistant and two temperature-sensitive strains were tested for neurovirulence in monkeys. Temperature-resistant strains were shown to be neurovirulent, whereas temperature-sensitive strains were less neurovirulent. The results suggest correlation between temperature-sensitive growth and neurovirulence in monkeys of E71. Variation in the electrophoretic mobility of the viral polypeptides was detected in three out of seven strains. The fingerprinting of oligonucleotides generated from the viral genome showed similar patterns in two isolates from patients with HFMD and one from patient with encephalitis and variable patterns in each genomic map of remaining four strains. These variations of polypeptide patterns and of oligonucleotide maps could not be correlated with pathogenicity (encephalitis or HFMD), temperature-sensitive growth and neurovirulence in monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The role of the spleen in tumor bearing host: I. Characterization of spleen cells in tumor-bearing mice.

Morphologic changes of the spleen and dynamic changes of biologic activity of spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice bearing methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma (MCA-F) were investigated in different stages of tumor growth, using local adoptive transfer assay (LATA). The spleen size, weight and the number of spleen cells increased with the tumor growth. In early and late stages of tumor growth, tumor-bearing mice possessed non-specific tumor-enhancing cells which were radioresistant (700 rads), phagocytic and adherent, suggesting that they were macrophages. On the other hand, in middle stages of tumorgenesis, tumor-bearing mice possessed specific cytotoxic cells which were radiosensitive (700 rads) and anti-Thy 1.2 serum positive, suggesting that they were T-cells. Thus, the appearance of tumor-enhancing cells was earlier than cytotoxic cells in MCA-F bearing host, and the balance of tumor-enhancing and cytotoxic cells may influence the tumor outgrowth in different stages of tumorgenesis. The spleen serves as a reservoir of factors which either abrogate cell mediated resistance or stimulate neoplastic growth, or as the source of cytotoxic cells, at certain times of tumor burden.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The role of the spleen in tumor bearing host: II. The influence of splenectomy in mice.

The effect of splenectomy on neoplastic outgrowth was examined prior to and after implantation of methylcholanthrene-induced C3H/He murine tumors. Splenectomy performed 12 days before tumor inoculation did not affect the tumor outgrowth, however, both splenectomy and sham operation performed shortly before tumor inoculation resulted in significant tumor facilitation compared with the non-operated group, suggesting that this accelerated tumor was not related to the presence or absence of splenic tissue, but rather to systemically-induced immunosuppression. While splenectomy performed 6, 9, 12 days after tumor inoculation did not alter the tumor growth, splenectomy performed early (3 days) or late stage (20 days) after tumor cell challenge revealed a retarded neoplastic outgrowth, compared with the sham operated group. These results suggest that splenectomy in very early and late stages of tumor-bearing host may be effective for tumor treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Somatosensory evoked potentials from the human brain-stem: origins of short latency potentials.

Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in man from an array of electrodes within the IVth (the pons) and IIIrd ventricles (the thalamus) and the aqueduct of Sylvius (the midbrain). The slow negative (N15 and N20) and positive (P22) waves were preceded by 4 small positive (P9, P11, P13, and P14) waves by approximately 1 msec duration in scalp recordings. The sources of these waves have been differentiated on the basis of their timing and spatial gradients of corresponding intracranial potentials. While P11 is identified as volume conducted from below the brain-stem, P13 and P14 reflect synchronized volleys of the medial lemniscus and its branches to the various pontine and mesencephalic nuclei. In contrast to these earlier positive wavelets arising from fiber tracts, N15 may represent postsynaptic activities within these pontine and midbrain nuclei. N20 and P22 are the initial responses of the juxtarolandic cortex.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1984

Completely thrombosed giant aneurysm of the angular artery.

An unusual case of a completely thrombosed giant aneurysm arising from the angular artery is reported. A 69-year-old women developed a subarachnoid hemorrhage with a large intracranial hematoma. Computed tomography scans and cerebral angiography could not detect the aneurysm. The rarity of aneurysms in this position is stressed and the difficulty of diagnosis in this case is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effect of exercise training on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at constant weight.

Previous investigations have demonstrated an increase of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) and a decrease in the ratio of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-Chol/HDL-Chol (Atherogenic Index; AI) as a result of exercise training. The question of whether elevation of HDL-Chol was a consequence of weight reduction or physical training itself was unsolved. The present study was designed to prevent the weight reduction that is associated with exercise training. Five healthy and mildly active male volunteers, aged 28-31 years, participated in a 4-week training programme. They ran on a treadmill at 140-160 m/min at 0% grade for 50 min, 5 times a week, equivalent to an energy expenditure of 9 kcal/kg body weight/day. Subjects maintained their body weights by increasing calorie intake to match increased energy expenditure. No changes were observed in mean body weight, skinfold thickness, basal metabolism, and maximal oxygen uptake after the training programme. The HDL-Chol level increased from 54 to 73 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), and the reduction of AI was 30.8% (P less than 0.05) in response to the exercise training. However, the exercise training did not induce changes in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. The results of this experiment suggested that moderate physical training itself can be a potent factor for the regulation of HDL-Chol level and improvement of the AI in the absence of alterations in body weight.

Adult↗