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Biomedical subjects

I Hessov

Publications and source records attributed to I Hessov.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Nutritional studies on long-term surgical patients with special reference to the intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

A nutritional survey performed in 46 elderly long-term surgical patients in an orthopedic ward showed that, although a sufficient hospital diet was served, the intakes of vitamin B12 were borderline, while the intakes of folate were inadequate inmost patients. Low energy intake combined with a high consumption of titbits in bedridden patients was assumed to be responsible for this malnourishment.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Utilization of intravenous glucose and fructose in the postoperative period.

A comparison is made between the utilization of glucose and fructose given intravenously at the rates of 1 g kg-1 h-1 and 0.5 kg-1 h-1 to 6 and 10 patients, respectively, who had undergone stomach surgery. Each patient served as his own control. The maximum rise in the total blood sugar concentration during both the rapid and the slow glucose infusions (227 mg% and 171 mg%) was significantly larger than during the fructose infusions (86 mg% and 52 mg%). The maximum rise in blood glucose of an average 23 and 18 mg% during the administration of fructose seems to indicate that only a small percentage of fructose is converted directly to glucose. Hypoglycemia after the infusions was most pronounced after the use of glucose. During the rapid infusions the patients lost a significantly larger amount of the infused sugar in the urine when glucose was administered (12.9% vs 4.7%), and the greater loss of sugar was accompanied by a greater loss of water. During the slow infusions there was no difference in sugar excretion between the two carbohydrates. At the infusion rate of 0.5 g kg-1 h-1 6 times as much lactate was excreted during the fructose infusions as during the glucose infusions (1.8 mg as compared with 0.3 mg lactate kg-1 infusion h-1). The study seems to indicate that there is a renal threshold for lactate at blood concentrations of 10-15 mg%.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary hyperparathyroidism: iliac crest cortical thickness, structure, and remodeling evaluated by histomorphometric methods.

Iliac crest bone biopsies from 62 patients (42 women, 20 men; median age 59 years; range 17-79 years) with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) were examined. Static and structural parameters were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Eighteen sex-matched younger controls were used for evaluation of the dynamic controls. On the endocortical surface increase in extension of eroded (p < 0.01) and formative (p < 0.01) surfaces was found in PHPs compared with normals. Endocortical bone formation rate was increased in PHPs (p < 0.05), but mineral appositional rate and adjusted appositional rate were normal. On the periosteal surface very little remodeling activity was found. Although bone formation rate was found increased in PHPs (p < 0.05), more than half of the labeled biopsies were without periosteal tetracycline in patients, and only 2 of 18 biopsies from normals contained periosteal tetracycline labels. No significant decreases in cortical width or relative cortical width were found in PHPs. In both patients and controls an age-related decrease in relative cortical width cortical width were found in PHPs. In both patients and controls an age-related decrease in relative cortical width was noted for women (PHPs: r = -0.52, p < 0.01; controls: r = -0.59, p < 0.001), but not for men. Cortical porosity was about 30% increased in PHPs (p < 0.02). Only normal women showed a positive age-related increase in porosity (r = 0.61, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short chain fatty acids relax isolated resistance arteries from the human ileum by a mechanism dependent on anion-exchange.

Ileal resistance arteries (internal diameter 184-337 microns) were discussed out under microscope and mounted in a microvascular myograph for isometric tension recording. Experiments were designed to test compounds trophic to the small intestine, namely, epidermal growth factor, glutamine and the three short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic and butyric acid, for effects on vascular tone. Glutamine in concentrations up to 30 mM and epidermal growth factor in concentrations up to 1 microM had no contractile or relaxant effects on the resistance arteries. The three short chain fatty acids alone and in combination, however, caused a concentration-dependent (range 0.1-30 mM) relaxation of resistance arteries precontracted with 50 mM KCl. This relaxant effect was significantly inhibited by the presence of the anion-exchange inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid whereas it was unaffected by removal of the endothelium, presence of indomethacin, propranolol or phentolamine. These data suggest that the trophic effects of glutamine and epidermal growth factor on the small intestinal mucosa cannot be explained through actions on the resistance vasculature. In contrast, the relaxant effect of short chain fatty acid on resistance arteries in vitro suggests that these compounds may be able to improve the microcirculation in vivo. An improved microcirculation will, all things considered, facilitate the growth of the small intestinal mucosa.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Energy and protein intake and nutritional status in non-surgically treated patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung.

The spontaneous food intake and nutritional status was assessed in 23 patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung before and two times during a treatment period of 6 weeks. Radiation therapy was given for 2 weeks followed by a course of chemotherapy and another 2 weeks of radiation therapy. The energy intake decreased during the treatment from 146 to 130 per cent of basal metabolic rate (p greater than 0.10). The protein intake remained unchanged (mean 0.9 g/kg body weight). There were insignificant and small losses of weight, body fat, free body mass and arm muscle circumference, and no changes were seen in serum albumin and serum transferrin. However, 6 patients suffered a weight loss of 5 per cent or more. No correlation existed between the nutritional parameters measured before treatment and the changes during treatment. Patients who suffered a loss of body weight could therefore not be singled out before the treatment.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced function of neutrophils during routine postoperative glucose infusion.

Postoperative infusion of carbohydrate solution leads to moderate fall in the serum concentration of inorganic phosphate. The possible significance of this fall for cellular function as expressed by the neutrophils was investigated in 16 patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. On postoperative day 2 all received 1 l 10% glucose intravenously to which in eight (randomly chosen) cases 10 mmol phosphate buffer/l had been added. Blood was sampled preoperatively and before and after the infusion. The group without phosphate supplement showed the expected significant fall in serum phosphate during the glucose infusion. The phosphate supplement prevented this fall. The hypophosphatemia was associated with significant reduction of neutrophil phagocytosis, intracellular killing, consumption of oxygen and generation of superoxide during phagocytosis. No parameter expressing neutrophil function was affected in the group with phosphate supplement. The obligatory fall in serum concentration of inorganic phosphate during postoperative carbohydrate infusion was concluded to be a cause of cellular dysfunction, the clinical importance of which is unknown.

Adult↗