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Biomedical subjects

I Hirata

Publications and source records attributed to I Hirata.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of anti-acid secretory agents on various types of gastric mucus.

Total, acidic, and sulfated mucus contents in the gastric mucosa were evaluated after administration to rats of ranitidine and pirenzepine, antagonists of gastric parietal cell receptors; omeprazole, a proton-pump/inhibitor; and misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 preparation. Total gastric mucus content was significantly decreased by ranitidine, but contents of acidic mucus and sulfated mucus showed a slight increase. Total mucus and acidic mucus contents were slightly increased after administration of pirenzepine, whereas the sulfated mucus content was significantly increased. The total gastric mucus content was significantly decreased after administration of omeprazole, but acidic mucus increased slightly and sulfated mucus increased significantly. All mucus contents were unchanged after administration of anti-acid secretory dose of midoptodyol. After administration of either ranitidine or omeprazole, the neutral mucus content decreased, but the total acid and sulfated mucus contents were not decreased. Changes in various mucus contents following inhibition of acid secretion are different for different drugs, and it was suggested that production of neutral mucus and secretion of acid mucus were reduced by strong inhibition of acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels: a comparison with other fecal occult blood tests.

Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels was performed in inpatients on an unrestricted diet, including patients with colon cancer or polyps and a control group. When hemoglobin levels of 5.1 micrograms/g feces and transferrin levels of 0.4 microgram/g feces were designated as positive, 48 of the 60 fecal specimens from colon cancer patients were positive. This result was significantly superior to that for another fecal occult blood immunological test (FECA-EIA) (p less than 0.005), and similar to the results of two chemical tests (guaiac and Hemoccult). Twenty-eight of the 78 fecal specimens from patients with colonic polyps were positive, again a result superior to the FECA-EIA (p less than 0.005) and similar to the chemical tests. Three of the 99 control fecal specimens were positive, which was a similar result to that obtained with the FECA-EIA and significantly superior to the chemical tests (both p less than 0.005). Thus, combined detection of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels can be used as a fecal occult blood test in patients without dietary restriction.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Clinical study of a new fecal occult blood test using a combination assay of hemoglobin and transferrin.

The applicability of a new immunological fecal occult blood test in which hemoglobin (Hb) and transferrin (Tf) are simultaneously assayed was evaluated. The mean absorbance and standard deviation (510/630 nm) obtained by this test was 0.840 +/- 0.805 in 51 fecal samples from patients with colon cancer, 0.248 +/- 0.305 in 95 samples from patients with colon polyps, and 0.104 +/- 0.053 in 110 samples from control patients; these values differed significantly (P less than 0.005). Hb and Tf concentrations were separately determined in the same fecal samples, and qualitative evaluation was performed with a cutoff value of 5.1 micrograms/g feces for Hb and 0.4 micrograms/g feces for Tf. Hb or Tf was positive in 41 of the 51 samples in the colon cancer group, 33 of the 95 in the colon polyp group, and 3 of the 110 in the control group. Qualitative analysis of the values obtained by the combination assay of Hb and Tf with a cutoff value of 0.200 revealed positive rates of 41/51 in the colon cancer group, 33/95 in the colon polyp group, and 4/110 in the control group. These results suggest the usefulness of a combination assay of Hb and Tf as a fecal occult blood test.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The expression of IgE Fc receptors on peripheral blood monocytes in asthmatic patients].

We measured the expression of the IgE Fc receptor, Fc epsilon RII, on peripheral blood monocytes isolated from asthmatic patients and normal subjects by laser flow cytometry. After peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with monoclonal antibodies, H107, which recognize Fc epsilon RII, FITC-labeled second antibodies were reacted with them. The cells were then incubated with PE-labeled Leu M3 monoclonal antibodies and the ratios of H107 positive monocytes were measured by two color analysis. The ratio of H107 positive monocytes in atopic asthmatic patients was significantly greater than the ratio in normal subjects. But the ratio was not higher in 9 out of the 14 atopic asthmatic patients. This indicated that atopic asthmatic patients are divided into two groups by the expression of Fc epsilon RII on monocytes. Total serum IgE level was not related to the ratio of H107 positive monocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Haptoglobin prevents renal dysfunction associated with intravariceal infusion of ethanolamine oleate.

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) with ethanolamine oleate was performed in patients with esophageal varices either with (18 patients) or without (19 patients) pretreatment with haptoglobin. The serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and beta 2-microglobulin, the creatinine clearance, and the urinary levels of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and urinary beta 2-microglobulin were measured before and after EIS. Indices of the glomerular filtration rate (serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin; creatinine clearance) showed no significant changes after EIS in either the haptoglobin-treated or untreated groups. However, the increase in the urinary parameters after EIS (which are indices of renal tubular function) was suppressed in the haptoglobin-treated group (p less than 0.005 for urinary beta 2-microglobulin). Our results indicated that the administration of haptoglobin has a prophylactic effect on renal tubular dysfunction associated with the use of ethanolamine oleate in EIS.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Immunochemical detection of human blood in feces.

We have developed a new immunochemical test for fecal occult blood utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of human hemoglobin (HbAo) and transferrin (Tf) simultaneously. The ELISA had a sensitivity of about 15 ng/ml Hb, and the measurable range was 1.5-750 micrograms Hb per g feces. The stability of Tf in feces was greater than that of Hb. In 17 out of 18 patients with colon cancer, 8 out of 15 patients with colon polyps, and 11 out of 20 patients with upper-gastrointestinal disorders. The Hb and Tf values were more than 10 micrograms/g feces, in terms of Hb concentration. The ELISA for human fecal HbAo and Tf might be useful for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Correlation of gastric mucous volume with levels of five prostaglandins after gastric mucosal injuries by NSAIDs.

After administration of NSAIDs (aspirin and indomethacin), chronological changes in gastric mucous volume were determined. These mucous volume changes were evaluated in relation to the development of gastric mucosal injuries. Furthermore, quantitative changes in five kinds of prostaglandins (PGs) in the gastric mucosa were measured after administration of NSAIDs. Gastric mucus volume was measured using a video image processor (VIP), and five kinds of PGs were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitatively determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). We found that NSAIDs decrease the levels of five kinds of PGs to the same extent. Also, gastric mucous volume is decreased after administration of aspirin and increased after administration of indomethacin. Accordingly, it is possible that each NSAID has a different mechanism of producing the gastric mucosal injury and acts on gastric mucus in a different manner. There was no parallel in changes between gastric mucous volume and PG levels of the different PGs in the gastric mucosa after administration of NSAIDs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Alteration of natural killer cell subsets (two color analysis) and their activity in peripheral blood in inflammatory bowel disease.

The natural killer (NK) activity and NK cell subsets in peripheral blood were evaluated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), by using 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay and two color flowcytometry analysis. The peripheral blood NK activity was significantly lower in IBD than that in normal controls. This decrease of the NK activity was independent on the disease activity of IBD but dependent on the steroid medication. The total population of NK cells (Leu 7+ or 11c+ cells) did not change in IBD as compared with those of normal controls. However, the proportions of Leu7+11c- cells and Leu7-11c+ cells in IBD were higher and lower, respectively as compared with those of normal controls. These findings suggest that the maturation step of NK cell lineages might be impaired in IBD. The decrease of NK activity in IBD was supported by the change in the proportion of NK cell subsets described above. It was thought that such a change in NK cell subsets might be a specific finding in IBD patients, because it was not observed in patients with non-IBD colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis) with peculiar multiple colonic ulcers.

We treated a 40-yr-old Japanese woman who had Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), as diagnosed by characteristic clinical features and histological findings; in addition, peculiar multiple colonic ulcers were seen during the course of her illness. Although gastrointestinal symptoms are often seen in CSS, there are few descriptions of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. In the English literature, the gastrointestinal manifestations of CSS include eosinophilic gastroenteritis, but the mucosa is not usually ulcerated. On the other hand, Japanese cases are characterized by multiple ulcers which are considered to be caused by ischemia secondary to the vasculitis. Most of the reported cases have not been diagnosed until laparotomy or autopsy, and our case is the first with multiple ulcers throughout the entire colon as a complication of CSS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study on the usefulness of haptoglobin used on endoscopic injection sclerotherapy].

The effect of haptoglobin (Hp) used on endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) was evaluated by examining the increase of serum free hemoglobin (FHb) and the changes of renal function. In control group, the increase of serum FHb (delta FHb) was paralleled with the volume of 5% ethanolamine Oleate (EO) injected intravariceally, and free Hp (FHp) was disappered in this group soon after EIS. On the contrary, in the group treated with Hp, neither the increase of FHb nor decrease of FHp were recognized. The significant increase of urine beta 2 microglobulin and NAG was recognized in control group. Therefore, if Hp is used at initial EIS, it would be prevented that serum FHb due to intravascular hemolysis increases, consequently the possibility of renal dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-term prognosis of esophageal variceal cases treated with injection sclerotherapy.

One hundred fifty-two patients with esophageal varices underwent a total of 485 injection sclerotherapy procedures (mean, 3.2 times per each case). During 5 years of observation, 20 cases (13.2%) died following injection sclerotherapy. The 3-year survival rates, based on the Kaplan-Meier method, were 42% for emergency cases, 75% for elective cases and 90% for prophylactic cases. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) by the generalized Wilcoxon test were observed in the survival rates between emergency cases and prophylactic cases, and also between elective cases and prophylactic cases. Two cases (8.6%) of failure to control acute hemostasis were experienced. Twenty cases of bleeding after sclerotherapy were experienced, and 8 died of bleeding. The three-year bleeding rate according to the Kaplan-Meier method was 59% for emergency cases, 25% for elective cases and 7% for prophylactic cases. A significant difference (P less than 0.05) by the generalized Wilcoxon test was observed in the bleeding rate between elective cases and prophylactic cases. Non-bleeding rate (100%-bleeding rate) after sclerotherapy showed almost the same values as the survival rate. These results indicate that upper digestive tract hemorrhage influences the prognosis of patients after sclerotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A study on gastric ulcers induced by long-term fasting in rats.

The present study was performed to investigate the roles of intragastric pH and PAS positive mucus as to the incidence of gastric ulcers after long-term fasting in rats. Gastric ulcers in the forestomach and corpus were found at 4 and 6 days after fasting, respectively. The intragastric pH was significantly reduced at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 days after fasting, but tended to have returned to control levels at 8 days. PAS positive mucus was significantly increased at 2 to 7 days, but there was no significant change at 8 days. From these results, it seems that the aggressive factor is not involved, but attenuation of the defensive factor is important as to the incidence of this type of ulcer. As one of the causes of this attenuation, a decrease in the gastric mucus volume was suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Central vs peripheral nerve conduction. Before and after treatment of subacute combined degeneration.

Central and peripheral nerve conduction was studied in two patients with subacute combined degeneration by using the short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials and the peripheral nerve conduction study during treatment with cyanocobalamin. Before the treatment, somatosensory evoked potentials with median nerve stimulation were normal, but those with peroneal nerve stimulation revealed prolonged central conduction indicating dysfunction within the posterior column. Peripheral sensory and motor nerve action potentials were reduced with normal or slightly reduced conduction velocity. After treatment, marked shortening of the central conduction time (by 24% and 31%, respectively) was observed with mild or no recovery of peripheral nerve action potentials. These physiologic findings suggest that the main pathologic changes in the central nervous system may be demyelination in the posterior column in addition to axonal degeneration in the peripheral nerve. The former was responsive to treatment but the latter was poorly responsive to treatment. Sensory symptom in subacute combined degeneration appears to be, at least partially, attributed to the spinal cord lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Healing promoting effect of proamipide, a novel drug that increases gastric defense mechanisms, on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in the rat].

The healing process of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers was studied for over 180 days after ulcerogen injection, and the effect of a new antiulcer agent, proamipide, was also assessed by histological measurements. In the control group, rapid reduction in the macroscopic ulcer index and increment in histological indices such as healing, regeneration of defective mucosa and proliferation of granulation tissue were observed from the 5th day to the 60th day after the ulcer induction followed by significant aggravation on the 120th and 140th day, suggesting the recurrence or relapse of gastric ulcers may occur at about 120 to 140 days after acetic acid administration. Proamipide (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) decreased all of these indices significantly from those in the control group. This indicates that proamipide remarkably promotes the healing process in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers, the regeneration of the injured mucosa and also the formation of granulation tissue. The glandular index in the surrounding areas of the regenerated mucosa was lower than that in the central part in the control animals and this difference was decreased by proamipide intake, suggesting an imbalance in the regenerated mucosa of the scar may have significant roles in the induction of the recurrence or relapse of gastric ulcers.

Acetates↗