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Biomedical subjects

I I Dedov

Publications and source records attributed to I I Dedov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Protein-loading test, urinary albumin excretion and renal morphology in diagnosis of subclinical diabetic nephropathy.

The acute effects of protein loading (1.5 g kg-1) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were investigated in 23 type-I diabetic patients with no clinical nephropathy, and in 7 healthy subjects (controls). The results were compared with renal morphology data. In controls and in 14 diabetic patients (group 1) GFR increased by 27 and 37%, respectively, corresponding to normal renal reserve, but in 9 patients (group 2) GFR decreased by 20%, indicating the absence of a renal reserve. Microalbuminuria was found in none of the patients in group 1 and in 50% of patients in group 2. Two hours after the load UAE increased in all groups, but the increase was most marked in group 2, despite the fall in GFR. The two groups of patients did not differ with regard to the duration and control of diabetes, but differed markedly in terms of baseline GFR (131 vs. 195 ml min-1, P less than 0.01, in groups 1 and 2, respectively). Renal morphology showed minimal non-specific glomerular injury in group 1, and signs of glomerulosclerosis in group 2. We conclude that the impaired renal response to protein load precedes other subclinical manifestations of diabetic renal injury, and may be useful in the diagnosis of latent diabetic nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Regulation of hormone secretion in primary cell cultures of human somatotropinomas].

The effects of somatostatin and thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone; TRH) on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion were studied in short-term (0.5-3h) or long-term (21-24h) incubations using monolayer cell cultures of somatotropin obtained from surgical material of patients with acromegaly. High sensitivity of both GH and PRL release to inhibitory action of somatostatin (10(-11) M) was established. We could not reveal the unambiguous influence of TRH on somatotropic function in the in vivo and in vitro conditions, as compared to the action of this tripeptide on PRL secretion. The results obtained permit us to propose that cell cultures of pituitary adenomata represent adequate and convenient models for studying the pathogenesis of tumor processes in the pituitary gland and for the development of new procedures of pharmacotherapy.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1992

[Obtaining and morphological characteristics of primary monolayer cell cultures of human somatotropinomas].

This paper describes the development of method of preparing cell suspension obtained from surgical material of patients with pituitary adenomas and acromegaly as well as the procedure of subsequent long-term cultivation in monolayers of the cells isolated. As judged by visual inspection and measurement of growth hormone and prolactin secretion, tumor pituitary cells kept viability and functional activity for at least 6 days of growing in vitro. Immunocytochemical visualization of somato- and lactotrophs of the same histological preparations permitted us to show that vast majority of cultured cells is represented by somatotrophs; however, a small portion of cell population is represented by lactotrophs and lactosomatotrophs. The peculiarities of cytoarchitectonics in two types of cell cultures of human somatotropinomas were studied.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Renal functional reserve in diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy: comparisons with renal morphology.

The acute effect of a protein loading test (1.5 g kg-1) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was examined in 10 Type 1 diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy to evaluate the renal functional reserve. GFR was measured before (baseline) and after (test) ingestion of the protein load. Two groups of diabetic patients were distinguished: those who exhibited normal renal reserve equal to that in healthy individuals (change in GFR 35 +/- 17 (+/- SD)%) and those who had no renal reserve (change in GFR -20 +/- 20%). These groups did not differ in the duration and control of diabetes nor in the level of urinary albumin excretion. However baseline GFR was 120 +/- 34 and 209 +/- 46 ml min-1 in diabetic patients with and without renal reserve, respectively. Renal morphology revealed hilar glomerular lesions composed of severely expanded mesangium only in diabetic patients without renal reserve. Minimal structural nephropathy was observed in those who exhibited normal renal reserve. We suggest that the impaired response of GFR to protein loading precedes other subclinical manifestations of renal lesions in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Atherogenic properties of sera and low-density lipoproteins in patients with diabetes mellitus].

The effects of sera and low density lipoproteins (LDL) on cholesterol levels were evaluated in cultured aortic intimal cells from patients with Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. About 80% Type 1 diabetic patients' sera and 90% of Type 2 diabetic patients' sera caused a 1.5-4-fold increase in intracellular cholesterol levels. LDL isolated from atherogenic sera induced intracellular cholesterol accumulation. There was a close correlation between the atherogenic effect of the sera and LDL. The atherogenic properties of the sera and LDL from patients with diabetes mellitus were unassociated with the examinees' age. There was a relationship between the atherogenic serum effect and the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in male patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The atherogenic effect of the sera and LDL failed to increase in patients with Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus concurrent with coronary heart disease. The property of the sera to accumulate intracellular cholesterol is likely to be typical of diabetes mellitus and mainly due to disturbed LDL metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The recovery of the kidney filtration functional reserve in diabetes mellitus patients on captopril treatment].

Overall 42 normotensive patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus without proteinuria were examined for the effect of hyperfiltration on renal glomerular function and for changes in glomerular function seen during medicamentous treatment of hyperfiltration. Glomerular function was evaluated from the basal level of glomerular filtration (GF), the status of filtration reserves (i. e. according to the dynamics of the GF level in response to oral protein administration), and from the magnitude of albuminuria. Three groups of diabetes mellitus patients were distinguished: with filtration reserves, with decreased filtration reserves, and with no reserves. All the three groups did not differ in the age, diabetes standing or the degree of carbohydrate disorders compensation (HBA1c). Still, the patients with no filtration reserves significantly differ from the other groups with a high level of GF and albuminuria. In 9 patients, a study was made of the effect produced by captopril (an inhibitor of the angiotensin-transforming enzyme) on filtration reserves and albuminuria. After 3 to 6 months of the treatment five patients with no filtration reserves manifested a fall of the basal level of GF down to normal, the recovery of filtration reserves, and a decline of albuminuria. It is assumed that elimination of hyperfiltration due to the treatment with the inhibitors of the angiotensin-transforming enzyme may be an effective means of diabetic nephropathy prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Insulin-dependent complement activity in the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus].

Complement system was comparatively evaluated in 68 patients with diabetes mellitus and 104 healthy subjects. Hemolytic activity was examined for components C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5, and overall activity of the classic pathways was defined. The complement status appeared different for men and women. Females demonstrated hypofunction of the majority of the complement components, subcompensation in the absence of angiopathies, in decompensation complicated by angiopathies the activity was enhanced. In uneventful course of diabetes mellitus in males component C4 was activated remaining above normal though reduced in decompensation with angiopathies. High complement level in females could serve an aggravating factor, it depends on the dose of exogenic insulin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The functional kidney reserves of diabetics].

Ten patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not associated with any signs of diabetic nephropathy were examined for the reserves of filtration renal function and early morphological alterations in organ tissues. The reserves of filtration were detected under the conditions of acute oral administration of protein (1.5 g/kg) as difference between the initial and stimulated levels of glomerular filtration (GF). Two groups of patients were distinguished: group I included patients with preserved filtration reserves (increment of GF amounted to 35%), group II included patients with no filtration reserves (reduction of GF was 20%). Both the groups differed significantly only in the initial level of GF (120 and 209 ml/min, respectively) and in the degree of morphological changes in the glomeruli: group I manifested minimum structural changes, group II showed the commencing diabetic glomerulosclerosis characterized by pronounced injury to the manubrium of the glomeruli. Therefore, the lack of filtration reserves in diabetes mellitus patients suggests the presence of the commencing diabetic glomerulonephritis even with the lack of the clinical signs of renal injury, which does not require the resorting to organ biopsy. The primary injury to the manubrium of the glomeruli is likely to be related to a high gradient of intraglomerular hydrostatic pressure, resulting in hyperfiltration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Urinary enzymes as a marker of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy].

To identify early markers of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy, a study was made of the activity of the specific canalicular enzymes in urine: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with diabetes mellitus without (26) and with (15) proteinuria. Patients without the clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy manifested a significant rise of excretion of lysosomal enzymes of the proximal canaliculi (NAG and beta-G1). Concomitant elevation of the excretion of several enzymes (NAG, beta-Gl, GGT and AP) was observed in 50% of cases. Patients with diabetic nephropathy demonstrated an increase of the excretion of all enzymes under study. Puncture biopsy of the kidneys was made in 4 patients without proteinuria with insignificant duration of diabetes mellitus and concomitant elevation of the excretion of a number of enzymes. Light microscopy revealed minimal changes in the glomeruli, whereas electron microscopy changes both in the glomeruli and in the canaliculi. The morphological changes in renal tissue confirm the diagnostic importance of high concomitant excretion of canalicular enzymes (NAG, beta-Gl, AP) as a marker of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Functional state of the neuroendocrine system in men after myocardial infarction in the period of rehabilitation].

The paper is devoted to systemic analysis of changes of the hypophyseal hormones, sex and adrenal glands, and thyroid in men in the course of a year after MI. A stable state of the hypophyseal-gonadal system the first 2 mos after MI was followed by a significant decrease in prolactin, testosterone levels and an increase in estradiol concentration. A marked decrease in STH, cortisol, TSH and thyroid hormone levels, and monotonously decreased ("leveled") circadian rhythm of secretion of practically all hormones were revealed. Functional exercise tests have shown switching over of the neuroendocrine system of MI patients to a special sparing regimen functioning at a qualitatively new hormonal-metabolic level rather than its depletion.

Adult↗