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Biomedical subjects

I J Firestone

Publications and source records attributed to I J Firestone.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Has awareness of the alcohol warning label reached its upper limit?

Has awareness of the alcoholic beverage warning label reached its maximum? This study tracks changes in the level of awareness among a sample of 7334 inner-city African-American gravidas seeking prenatal care between May 1989 and June 1993. Previously, we found that a significant increase in awareness of the warning label occurred in March 1990. In the current analysis over a 50-month period, the level of awareness continued to increase through December 1992 and then leveled off, suggesting a negatively accelerated growth function. The logistic function fitted to the awareness curve predicts that the upper limit of awareness in this population has been reached (the predicted upper limit being 81.5%). In addition a logit regression analysis showed that women who did not know about the warning label were more likely to be over 29 years of age. Heavier drinkers were 1.25 times more likely to be aware of the label. Among those drinkers who were not aware of the label, 30% drank at both conception and antenally, thus putting their fetus at high risk for alcohol-related birth defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Heeding the alcoholic beverage warning label during pregnancy: multiparae versus nulliparae.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the impact of the Federal Alcoholic Beverage Warning Label on multiparae (women with at least one previous live birth) and nulliparae (women with no previous live births). The label, implemented on November 18, 1989, urges women not to drink during pregnancy because of the risk of birth defects. If multiparae drank during prior pregnancies, delivering apparently normal babies, we hypothesized that the warning might be less salient for them. METHOD: We studied 17,456 inner city black gravidas seen between September 1986 and September 1993 at one antenatal clinic. Time series analysis (ARIMA) examined trends in monthly means of antenatal drinking scores (alcohol consumption adjusted for weeks' gestation, age, parity and periconceptional drinking). RESULTS: For nulliparae (n = 7,349), reported drinking began to show a significant decline in June 1990, 7 months after the implementation of the warning label (t = 2.00, p < .04). In contrast, multiparae (n = 10,107) showed no change in reported drinking (t = 1.23) postlabel. CONCLUSIONS: Given previous results that multiparae drink more and that heavier drinkers are ignoring the warning label, these data are very distressing and suggests the importance of targeting multiparae for intensive prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A time series analysis of the impact of the alcohol warning label on antenatal drinking.

In a sample of over 12,000 African-American gravidas, we tested the hypothesis that the Federal Beverage Labeling Act of 1988 has decreased antenatal drinking. Results of time series analysis indicated a 7-month lag in the impact of the alcohol warning label. Controlling for population changes, antenatal drinking began to fall as of June 1990. However, this decrease was small in size and did not impact on the heaviest drinkers. Seasonal trends in drinking were also detected, with peaks around the end of the year and the summer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The alcohol beverage warning label: when did knowledge increase?

This article presents data on the awareness of the alcohol beverage warning label among a sample of 5,169 inner city African-American gravidas seeking prenatal care. While the label law was implemented in November 1989, a significant increase in knowledge of the label did not occur until March 1990. Women who predominantly consumed wine coolers and beer, and those under age 30 were more likely to know about the label than their counterparts.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Privacy and solidarity: effects of nursing home accommodation on environmental perception and sociability preferences.

This field study of nursing home accommodations examines the influence of type of living accommodation and personal characteristics upon environmental perception and interaction preferences with regard to privacy and sociability. Ward residents view their dwelling as less secure and feel less able to control social encounters occurring therein than do single room residents. In terms of preferences, however, it is the single room residents who express greater desires for isolation and disclosure restriction. These data and the absence of differences in resident satisfaction, are consistent with an adaptation model of privacy-sociability preference.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Leader effectiveness and leadership conferral as determinants of helping in a medical emergency.

This study investigated the contribution of an individual's qualification for discussion group leadership (LGD) and the method of leadership conferral, election versus appointment, upon his group's response to a medical emergency. Five-person, face-to-face groups with high LGD leaders responded more frequently and more rapidly to a confederate member's diabetic reaction than did groups with low LGD leaders. Low LGD leaders were frequently overthrown, while groups with high LGD leaders experienced continuity of leadership. Conferral process had no discernible effect on helping or overthrows. It was concluded that a victim is the more fortunate if his group's leader is assertive.

Diabetes Mellitus↗