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Biomedical subjects

I Jalenques

Publications and source records attributed to I Jalenques.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Considerations on respective roles of anxiety and depressive disorders in children].

Anxiety and depression are often clinically associated in children, but are very different in term of effect and symptoms. Family studies favor the hypothesis of a common diathesis for these disorders. Parental history of major depressive and/or anxiety disorders increase the risk of mood and anxiety disorders in children. At the present time, biological studies have not determined any biochemical conclusion for these disorders. It should be noted that although imipramine is efficient in both depressive disorder and separation anxiety, this does not implicate a common physiopathologic basis.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1990

[Anxiety disorders in children: do any risk factors exist?].

Anxiety disorders in children are currently undergoing reclassification. On the basis of a review of the literature, the authors have attempted to point out the main evidence suggesting that a number of risk factors are associated with childhood anxiety disorders. Age and sex seem to influence the risk of anxiety disorder. The child's personality is of central importance: studies of the concept of "temperament" carried out in recent years have underscored that inhibition and introversion in early childhood are associated with an increased risk for anxiety disorders in later childhood. A low socioeconomic setting also seems to be a risk factor whose incidence varies across types of anxiety disorder. Familial risk factors have a very strong effect: children of parents with current or past anxiety disorders with or without mood disorders are at increased risk for anxiety disorders; this risk varies according to the type of disorder in the parents (for instance, the respective roles of panic attacks and avoidance behaviors remain unclear). Lastly, comorbidity is also an important factor: most children with anxiety disorders also have one or several other anomalies, usually anxiety or mood disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Is an obsessive-compulsive disorder in children an anxiety disorder?].

Concerning the update reconsideration of anxiety disorders of children, should childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder be assimilated as an anxiety disorder? Authors attempted to answer to this question by taking into account various levels of consideration which lead them to position childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder in the vicinity of anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Acute paroxysmal anxiety in children].

Authors study acute anxiety disorders in children. They distinguish two clinical forms, depending on the knowledge of outer triggering factor: anxious paroxysm and panic attack.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cognitive behavior therapy versus supportive therapy in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in social phobia has been demonstrated in several controlled trials and meta-analyses, but no comparison of CBT with supportive therapy (ST) can be found in the literature. METHOD: The aim of the trial was to study the effectiveness of CBT versus ST carried out 'as usual'. Sixty-seven DSM-4 social phobic patients (89% generalized subtype, most with avoidant personality) were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 (CBT) received 8 1-hour sessions of individual cognitive therapy (CT) for 6 weeks, followed by 6 2-hour sessions of social skills training (SST) in group weekly. Group 2 received ST for 12 weeks (6 half-hour sessions), then the patients were switched to CBT. All patients agreed not to take any medication during the whole trial. In group 1, 29 patients reached week 6, 27 reached week 12, and 24 weeks 36 and 60 (endpoint). In group 2, 29 patients reached week 6, 28 reached weeks 12 and 18, 26 week 24, and 23 reached weeks 48 and 72 (endpoint). RESULTS: At week 6, after CT, group 1 was better than group 2 on the main social phobia measure. At week 12, after SST, group 1 was better than group 2 on most of the measures and demonstrated a significantly higher rate of responders. This finding was replicated after switching group 2 to CBT. Sustained improvement was observed in both groups at follow-up. Compliance with abstinence from medication increased over time. CONCLUSIONS: CBT was more effective than ST and demonstrated long-lasting effects. This may suggest that social phobia management requires more than a simple and inexpensive psychological intervention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social anxiety in patients with social phobia: validation of the Liebowitz social anxiety scale: the French version].

The Liebowitz's Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) (Liebowitz, 1987) is a rating scale of fear and avoidance in social interaction (12 items) and performance-oriented situations (12 items). This paper present the study of empirical and concurrent validation of the LSAS. Ninety-six patients suffering from social phobia according to DSM IV were included and compared with 64 non-clinical control subjects. Both patients and controls were divided into two sub-groups: the LSAS passation by hetero-evaluation or auto-evaluation. Social phobics had much higher scores on anxiety and avoidance of the LSAS than control subjects, whatever the method. There were no differencies between hetero and auto-evaluation in both groups of patients and non-clinical subjects, either on anxiety or on avoidance. The LSAS correlated better with social anxiety and negative cognition in social situations than with anxiety-depression in social phobics. The French version of the LSAS showed a good empirical and concurrent validity and the scale presents a good sensitivity to change after cognitive behavioral therapy in social phobics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anxiety disorders in children: incidence, comorbidity and risk factors].

According to epidemiological studies, prevalence of children's anxiety disorders is about 10%. Among children who suffer from anxiety disorders, a majority also presents one or more anxiety or mood disorders. The children's sex and age are likely to influence anxiety disorders. As well as the children's personality: studies about 'temperament' indeed pointed up this notion. Low socio-economic level of family could be a risk-factor, the importance of which varies according to anxiety disorders subtypes. Current and/or history of parental anxiety disorders, presenting or not with mood disorders, increase the risk for their children to suffer from anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of inhibition in academic failure].

Disorders of failing academically children represent an important part of child psychiatrists' occupation. Various reasons are responsible for these disorders. But the role of inhibition seems to be major. Authors study cases of 66 children, as outpatients, who failed academically. Incidence of inhibition is about 26.9%. Authors analyse demographic data, personal and familial history of these children, age of beginning of disorders and their symptomatic aspects, and last, clinical categories in which some of these disorders can be classified. Thus early detection of inhibition disorders occurs as an absolute necessity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clozapine and refractory schizophrenia. Long-term prospective study of 20 patients].

Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine derivative, has potent antipsychotic activity. But bone marrow suppression resulting in agranulocytosis has been associated with clozapine treatment; thus its clinical development has been delayed and the administration of this drug has been restricted to treatment-resistant schizophrenic patient. This report describes an open prospective study of the effects of clozapine on symptomatology of patients who are refractory to neuroleptics. Authors prospectively followed up until 36 months, 20 DSM III-R schizophrenic patients who had failed to respond to various neuroleptics (7.7 +/- 3.0). When clozapine treatment was initiated, the mean duration of the illness was 17 +/- 10 years. Various scales were used for evaluation: total BPRS, BPRS "positive symptoms", BPRS "negative symptoms", PANSS positive and PANSS negative were realized at days 0 and 15, months 1, 2 and 3 and then every 3 months. Significative improvements in total BPRS, BPRS positive symptoms and PANSS positive were noted at day 15 (p < 0.005, p < 0.026, p < 0.02, respectively); clozapine produced significant improvement on the BPRS negative symptoms and the PANSS negative at 1 month (p < 0.03 and p < 0.008, respectively). Side effects were studied: dry mouth was more prominent in the first month after wash-out (15%), while salivation was more and more prevalent (20% within the first month; 53% beyond). There was no agranulocytosis in this cohort; 2 cases (10%) of eosinophilia occurred during the first month; 20% of the patients experienced an increase in total white blood cell count (> 12.000/mm3). Weight gain (> 5 kg) affected 32% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗