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Biomedical subjects

I Jansson

Publications and source records attributed to I Jansson.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pulmonary granulocyte accumulation is reduced by nebulized corticosteroid in septic pigs.

Nebulized beclomethasone dipropionate was administered to 14 anesthetized and artificially ventilated pigs at 6-hourly intervals after infusion of live S. aureus (BDP group). Changes in pulmonary activity from autologous granulocytes labeled with In-111 was detected externally for 12 (n = 8) to 44 h (n = 6). The changes were compared with those in ten pigs (12 h n = 7, 44 h n = 3) subjected to the same insults but given no corticosteroid (placebo group). Serial measurements of blood radioactivity, and cardiac output were performed in animals observed for 12 h. Corticosteroid-treated pigs showed a gradual decline in decay-corrected pulmonary In-111 activity. The placebo group displayed a more varied reaction, but most animals had an increased activity compared to the corticosteroid group. The difference between the groups was significant at 8 h (BDP-group 92% (88-98), placebo-group 107% (97-121), median (lower-upper quartiles), baseline = 100%. P < 0.01, U-test). Blood radioactivity and cardiac output did not differ significantly between the two groups. Nebulized corticosteroid thus diminished pulmonary granulocyte accumulation, which may be of value in the treatment of septic respiratory distress.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1992

Methylprednisolone improves pulmonary function and hemodynamics in experimental gram-positive septicemia.

It has been suggested that the effects of high-dose corticosteroid therapy (HDC) in gram-positive (G+) and gram-negative (G-) septicemia differ. As few data are available on HDC in G+ septicemia, pulmonary and cardiovascular function was studied for 44 hr in five anesthetized pigs subjected to brief infusion of live Staphylococcus aureus (approximately 10(11) cfu) followed by intravenous methylprednisolone (MP, 30 mg/kg) administered as a bolus every 8 hr. Comparisons were made with six septic pigs given no MP but otherwise identically managed. Six control pigs received no bacteria or MP. Infusion of bacteria induced identical transient pulmonary hypertension in both septic groups (52 +/- 7 mm Hg, mean +/- SD), but MPAP remained significantly lower in the pigs with MP (18 +/- 1 mm Hg vs. 30 +/- 9 mm Hg at 8 hr, P less than 0.05). MAP was better maintained in the MP group (107 +/- 9 mm Hg vs. 80 +/- 16 mm Hg at 8 hr, P less than 0.05). Pulmonary function also was less affected in the MP group at 8 hr, with significantly better maintenance of arterial oxygenation (13.5 +/- 1.2 kPa vs. 9.4 +/- 2.2 kPa, P less than 0.05) less venous admixture (11 +/- 6% vs. 34 +/- 23%, P less than 0.05) and superior lung-thorax compliance (29 +/- 5 ml/cm H2O vs. 15 +/- 5 ml/cm H2O, P less than 0.05). Five of five with MP survived, whereas two of six without MP survived (P = 0.045). MP thus attenuated pulmonary and hemodynamic abnormalities induced by S. aureus septicemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hyaluronan: relationship to hemodynamics and survival in porcine injury and sepsis.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Hyaluronan is a polysaccharide normally present in low concentrations in the blood, and is rapidly cleared from the blood by the liver. Increased plasma hyaluronan concentrations have been found in patients with sepsis. We studied changes in serum hyaluronan concentrations and their relationship to hemodynamics and survival in a 48-hr porcine model of injury and sepsis. RESULTS: Circulating hyaluronan concentrations increased to high values after induction of experimental sepsis (from mean baseline values of 242 +/- 26 [SEM] to mean maximum concentrations of 964 +/- 255 micrograms/L [p less than .01]) compared with controls (199 +/- 38 to 303 +/- 32 micrograms/L). A weak negative correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and serum hyaluronan values was found (r2 = .47; p less than .01). Nonsurvivors had higher mean serum hyaluronan concentrations than survivors (603 +/- 147 vs. 285 +/- 43 micrograms/L [p less than .05]). CONCLUSIONS: Experimental sepsis is associated with an increase in serum hyaluronan values. The relationship between decreased MAP and increased serum hyaluronan concentrations could point to reduced liver perfusion as a cause. An association between high hyaluronan values and nonsurvival in sepsis is possible.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Preceding trauma lessens the degree of respiratory dysfunction in septicaemic pigs.

Ten anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated pigs were subjected to musculoskeletal trauma two hours before induction of septicaemia with live Staphylococcus aureus, 10(11) colony forming units (trauma/sepsis group). The effects on haemodynamic and pulmonary function were compared over a period of 44 hours with those on 11 pigs that were identically treated except that they were not subjected to the trauma (sepsis alone group). The induction of sepsis produced similar transient pulmonary hypertension in both groups (mean (SD) in the trauma/sepsis group 48 (5) mmHg compared with 51 (6) mmHg in the sepsis group). In the trauma/sepsis group the decline in lung/thorax compliance was significantly less pronounced at 8 and 20 hours; the arterial oxygen tension was significantly better maintained at 32 and 44 hours; and the haemodynamics were better preserved, with significantly lower mean pulmonary arterial pressures at 20 and 44 hours than in the sepsis group. In conclusion, musculoskeletal trauma preceding septicaemia significantly lessened the degree of ensuing pulmonary dysfunction. This effect could be the results of reduced autoinjury by immunocompetent cells responding subnormally, but these mechanisms require further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Surface ultrastructure of human arteries with special reference to the effects of smoking.

The surface ultrastructure of uterine arteries from 20 women was studied with scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were excised and fixed under pressure shortely after removal of the uterus during hysterectomy. Two groups of patients were selected: non-smokers and women who smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day. The prevalence of seven different morphological criteria was evaluated without knowledge of the smoking habits of the patients. Endothelial cells were usually well demarcated and distributed with their length axis paralledl to that of the artery. The cell nucleus was revealed by a gentle bulging into the lumen, and cell borders by the presence of rows of microvilli. Inter- and intracellular holes alon the cell borders were more common in arteries from smokers, whereas microvillie were more common on the cell surfaces of arteries from non-smokers. These differences might be related to cell injury. Previous studies indicate that holes are more frequent in injured than in non-injured cells, whereas the surface of injured cells is often smoother than that of non-injured cells. Therefore, these data may be taken to suggest that smoking can lead to endothelial injury in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The acute effect of hysterectomy on ovarian blood flow.

Ovarian stromal blood flow was measured by 133xenon-clearance technique in five women before and immediately after abdominal hysterectomy preserving the adnexae. The interval between the two measurements ranged from 35 to 76 minutes. The rate of xenon clearance was reduced by 52 to 89 percent in four of the women who were in the fertile age and by 29 percent in one postmenopausal subject. These findings indicate that acute reductions in ovarina blood flow may be responsible for the postoperative transient drop in ovarina steroid levels in peripheral plasma reported earlier.

Adult↗