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Biomedical subjects

I Joelsson

Publications and source records attributed to I Joelsson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Minimal brain dysfunction in children born in breech presentation.

The influence of delivery in breech presentation on the occurrence of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) has been studied. Parents of 8--15 year old children were asked to account for behavioral and educational deficits and needs of their children from birth until the date of investigation. It was found that among prematurely delivered children, the frequency of MBD, defined as hyperkinesia and learning disability, amounted to about 20 per cent and was similarly distributed between children , however, the average frequency of hyperkinesia and learning disability amounted to 8 per cent; in children born in breech presentation it was 14 per cent, while in those born in vertex presentation the corresponding figure was 2 per cent. MBD was more common in boys (16 per cent) than in girls (12 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone in postmenopausal women with special regard to carcinoma of the uterine corpus.

Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone were determined in 18 postmenopausal women with carcinoma of the uterine corpus (stage I, grade 1-3) and in 40 healthy postmenopausal women. Elevated levels of both steroids were found in the carcinoma group, for dehydroepiandrosterone 2010+/-195 vs. 1299+/-117 nM, p less than 0.01, and for estrone 2,38+/-0.24 vs. 1.36+/-0.11 nM, p less than 0.001. Dehydroepiandrosterone as well as the precursors of estrone are almost exclusively of adrenal origin in the postmenopausal woman. Thus these findings indicate a role of the adrenal cortex in the etiology of corpus carcinoma, either by providing increased levels of substrate for the peripheral synthesis of estrone or a direct action of adrenal androgens on the endometrial tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effect of alkoxyglycerols on the frequency of fistulas following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The incidence of injuries following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix is markedly decreased by the administration of alkoxyglycerols. This is the case for less harmful injuries as well as for the more severe ones, i.e. the fistulas. Recto-vaginal and vesico-vaginal fistulas are reduced with 47 per cent when alkoxyglycerols are administered prior to radiation treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Determination of tonicity in the non pregnant human uterus in vivo.

The method hysterometry has been designed for the study of the effect upon the uterine muscle of pharmacologically active agents. Hysterometry has earlier been used on the pregnant uterus and is now described for the non-pregnant situation. The capacity of the technique is exemplified with results achieved in a study of the effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and beta-receptor stimulating agents during dysmenorrhea.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1979

The effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in primary dysmenorrhea studied with hysterometry.

The technique called hysterometry has been used for the quantitative evaluation of effect of naproxen sodium and naproxen on myometrial tension in vivo during dysmenorrhea. It was observed that "uterine tonicity" - the datum arrived at after hysterometric recording - decreased significantly during naproxen medication in comparison with placebo treatment. Decrease in uterine tonicity was well correlated with relief of pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effects of isoproterenol on fetal oxygenation.

Infusion of isoproterenol (1 microgram/kg/min, i.v.) into the anesthetized pregnant rhesus monkey near term consistently reduced fetal oxygenation, despite diminishing myometrial activity. The decline in pO2 of fetal arterial blood (mean = 4.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg S.D.) was accompanied by an increase in pCO2 tension (mean = 4.6 +/- 2.7 mmHg) and a decline in pH (mean = 0.04 +/- 0.02 S.D.). There was an increase in heart rate and a widening of pulse pressure in the mother and also in the adequately oxygenated fetus providing evidence that the agent crosses the placenta. The poorly oxygenated fetuses developed bradycardia and hypotension. Administration of isoproterenol directly to the fetus elicited similar changes in the composition of blood, and in blood pressure and heart rate, to those observed after administration of the agent to the mother.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reversible sterilization.

The present techniques for sterilization of women consist of different methods to block the passage through the oviducts. The disadvantage of all techniques is that the possiblity of restoring fertility is very limited. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate a method of sterilization which is reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Renal hemodynamics in the perinatal period. A study in lambs.

The perinatal changes in renal hemodynamics have been studied in lambs. Eleven of the lambs were exteriorized, but maintained on placental circulation (fetal lambs). Eight of the lambs were delivered with cesarean section and studied immediately after clamping of the cord (newborn lambs). Nine lambs were delivered spontaneously and studied during the first 9 days of life. Renal blood flow (RBF) was determined by the microsphere method using a sample drawn from the iliac artery as the reference flow. The filtering capacity of the nephrons was evaluated after ferrocyanide injection and dissection of the nephrons. Total RBF did not seem to change much at birth but increased in relation to kidney weight during the first postnatal week. Clamping of the cord did, however, result in a change in intrarenal blood flow distribution, so that in the newborn lambs relatively more of the blood flow was perfusing the outer cortical region. During the first postnatal week there was a slight, but insignificant further relative increase in outer cortical blood flow. The relative increase in outer cortical blood flow at birth was accompanied by an increased frequency of filtering superficial nephrons from 22 to 77%. Practically all juxtamedullary nephrons were filtering before birth. Three days postnatally 98% of the superficial and 100% of the juxtamedullary nephrons were filtering.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of beta-receptor-stimulating agents on the utero-placental blood flow.

The influence of salbutamol, a beta-2-receptor-stimulating agent, on the blood flow through the utero-placental unit was evaluated in the human. Serial placenta scintigrams were analysed quantitatively, after injection of 0.5 mCi Indium-113m, by means of a gamma-camera connected on line to a computer. The examinations were performed in the third trimester of pregnancy. No sedation was used. Uterine contractions were not present. Salbutamol caused an increase in activity over the placental region, corresponding to a 15% increase in blood volume. The rise time of the initial phase of isotope accumulation (calculated from 5 to 95% of final activity) was prolonged by 100% during salbutamol infusion. As the rise time is proportional to the volume/flow ratio of blood in the uteroplacental region, our data indicate that salbutamol infusion causes a decrease in blood flow in the absence of uterine contractions.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1977

Effect of alkoxyglycerols on the frequency of injuries following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The incidence of injuries following intracavitary and external radiation therapy is markedly decreased in all stages of the disease by the administration of alkoxyglycerols. Complex injuries (due to radiation injury and tumour growth in combination) were reduced to about 1/3 in a group receiving alkoxyglycerols prophylactically, i.e. before, during and after radiation treatment, when compared with a control group. Using non-prophylactic administration of alkoxyglycerols, i.e. during and after radiation treatment, no effect was observed on complex injuries, while--as for the prophylactic group--the injuries due to radiation only, were significantly decreased. The use of so called "increased amount" of radium in the intracavitary irradiator was followed by an unexpectedly high incidence of radiation injuries, which was considerably reduced, however, by alkoxyglycerols, especially when administered prophylactically.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

The immediate effect of a beta-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during the third trimester of pregnancy.

The responses of plasma insulin and the C-peptide of proinsulin, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and alanine to a beta2-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) were determined in 5 patients during the last trimester of pregnancy before labor. Salbutamol was given as an infusion in the same dosage as is used to inhibit uterine contractions in cases of premature labor and in obstetric emergencies. The influsion of salbutamol was given for 45 min, accompanied by repeated sampling of arterial blood. All patients developed moderate tachycardia and exhibited metabolic effects following salbutamol infusion, implying marked increases in plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucose and lactate. An increased rate of lipolysis was evident from the rises of FFA, glycerol and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Plasma levels of alanine declined, possibly due to stimulation of gluconeogenesis. It is unlikely that these acute maternal metabolic changes would have significant adverse effects on the fetus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects upon the fetus of oxygen administration to the mother. A study in monkey.

Catheters were placed into assorted arteries and veins of 8 anaesthetized pregnant monkeys and their fetuses. Oxygen-sensitive electrodes were also inserted subcutaneously into 3 of the 8 fetuses. Periodic samples of maternal and fetal blood were analyzed for PO2, PCO2 and pH. Oxygen administration to the mothers reliably increased the PO2 of blood taken from the fetal carotid artery and less constantly augmented the PO2 of blood withdrawn from the femoral artery and vein. During 5-6 hours of study the oxygen tension of fetal blood samples of all animals progressively declined. However, the most marked declines in PO2 values at all fetal sites were regularly observed at those times as--or after--the mothers emerged from anaesthesia. At these times also the magnitudes of the increases in fetal blood PO2 brought about by administering oxygen to the mothers diminished markedly and in parallel at all sample sites. The closely similar magnitudes of these various reductions at all fetal sample sties indicate that the basic mechanisms leading to decreased oxygen delivery lie outside the fetuses and are most likely due to decreased maternal blood flow to the uterus because of increased maternal sympathetic stimulation. These reductions in oxygen delivery to the fetus are all regularly reversed by reanasthetizing the mothers. The studies carried out with oxygen-sensitive electrodes demonstrate that administering oxygen to the mothers regularly increases oxygen tension of fetal tissues but after a 50 sec delay.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Quantification of fetal heart rate variability in relation to oxygenation in the sheep fetus.

Beat-to-beat variability has been suggested as a sensitive indication of fetal well-being. The suggestion originates from case reports of observed decrease in variability preceding clinical signs of fetal asphyxia and fetal death. Against this background a study was performed to evaluate possible changes in heart rate variability in relation to changes in fetal oxygenation. Chloralose-anesthetized sheep were used. Short-term hypoxia was produced without acidosis. The FECGs were recorded on magnetic tape and later analysed by scrutinizing each QRS complex prior to the trigger of a rate meter. The differential index (DI) described by Yeh and co-workers was chosen because it is easily computed and reflects the variability of coefficient of variation for two successive R-R intervals. In contrast to the generally held view of a progressive diminution of variability during the development of asphyxia, the variability was found to increase parallel with a decrease in fetal arterial PO2 determined on blood samples withdrawn at intervals and ranging between 26 and 10 mmHg. The correlation between variability and PO2 in the range below 8-10 mmHg is still to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

In vivo determination of the stress-strain relation of the human myometrium.

Smooth muscle is capable of responding by contraction to mechanical distension. Neither the structural basis for this phenomenon nor the theories of smooth muscle behavior are completely clear. A method is now described by which the contractile response to mechanical distension of the human uterine muscle in vivo is determined. The distension is enforced sinusoidally within the frequency range 0.005-2 Hz, by filling and emptying a rubber balloon introduced into the uterine cavity. A tonometric index of the myometrium is defined using Hook's law after the approximate evaluation of a contractile modulus and the tangential stress and strain in the inner layer of the uterine wall. The regression line of indices upon frequency is calculated and intercept and regression coefficient of the equation for basic conditions are compared with those obtained during administration of pharmacologically active agents. It is suggested that the differences in intercepts and regression coefficients be used as a measure of drug effect.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1976

The use of salbutamol in obstetrics.

Sympathomimetic amines have been used with the aim of abolishing uterine contractions. On the basis of results from an in vivo technique for testing the specificity and affinity of the beta2-receptor stimulating agents, salbutamol was used for a clinical trial. Five case histories were selected in order to illustrate the possibility of utilizing salbutamol in emergency cases with the aim of achieving uterine relaxation during the period of time between the admission of the patient and the commencement of delivery by, for example, caesarean section.

Adult↗