Biomedical subjects

I K Krauss

Publications and source records attributed to I K Krauss.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Spatial cognition and neighborhood use: the relationship in older adults.

Measures of spatial cognition, neighborhood knowledge, and neighborhood use from the research described by Walsh, Krauss, and Regnier (1981) were examined to determine if laboratory tests of spatial cognition were significant predictors of older adults' use of their neighborhoods. The overall results show that laboratory-based measures of spatial cognition and subjects' knowledge of their neighborhoods are both significant predictors of their use of neighborhood goods and services. The ability to learn and remember the location and orientation of objects, when contextual cues were not provided at test, was more predictive of the participants' neighborhood use than either the participants' number of years in the neighborhood or their mobility. Spatial memory as measured by the Educational Testing Service Building Memory task predicted neighborhood knowledge, which was predictive of neighborhood use.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1984

The structure of post-retirement adaptation for recent and longer-term women retirees.

A review of the literature on adjustment to retirement reveals that many investigators have studied retirees together as a group, regardless of the amount of time they have been retired. The present study questions the validity of that approach. The post-retirement adaptation of a group of 59 relatively recent (3-6 years) and 122 longer-term (7 + years) retirees was compared via canonical correlation analyses. The results showed that the structure of post-retirement adaptation differed for the two groups. The relatively recent retirees' adaptational variate emphasized satisfaction with retirement (.990) and showed weaker loadings on self-esteem (.475) and happiness (.374). Corresponding factor loadings for the longer-term retirees were -.340, .827 and .494, respectively. Thus, retirement satisfaction (or job deprivation) was a more salient aspect of the recent retirees' adaptation while longer-term adaptation was a more general phenomenon. These results suggest that the inclusion of longer-term retirees in retirement research may obscure the important correlates of adaptation to this life change.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1984

On subject selection in cognitive aging research.

This paper surveys the recent practices of subject selection in cognitive aging research and provides examples of how the magnitude of age differences in the overall population could be under- or over-estimated given different sample distributions of gender, health, education and intellectual functioning. Some guidelines are suggested for consideration in future research.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly adults.

Three experiments investigated spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly women. The three experiments differed with regard to the method by which subjects were initially familiarized with the experimental stimuli. Subjects were required to make decisions about the correctness of each of several types of slides presented to them. The amount of time required by subjects to make their responses was also obtained. The results show a smaller age difference in accuracy of performance when individual components of the stimulus array were examined in isolation (Experiment 2) than when the array was actually previewed from the perspective-taking positions (Experiment 1). Furthermore, a combination of the two methods of familiarization (Experiment 3) did not reduce the age difference in accuracy of performance beyond that obtained by the examination of individual components alone. Age differences in reaction time for correct responses, however, steadily decreased between Experiments 1, 2, and 3. These results raise the possibility that cognitive systems associated with storing and retrieving spatial information may decline more rapidly across the adult life span than cognitive systems involved in the construction of unviewed spatial information.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Spatial rotation in the elderly: performance factors.

Male and female adults age 64 to 76 were tested on several measures of spatial rotation ability. Memory for the test stimulus was an important factor in the performance of those who generally performed at a high level and not for those performing poorly. Changing the test format to reduce test-taking mechanical barriers resulted in an increase in the absolute number of correct responses but not in the ratio of correct responses to the number of items attempted. Practice on some measures led to better performance on subsequent tasks.

Aged↗