Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Kaito.
A 63-year-old female case of cancer of the colon who developed posttransfusion hepatitis A was presented. She became ill 49 days after receiving a single unit of concentrated red cells from a donor who also developed hepatitis A 10 days after donation.
To evaluate the usefulness of antithrombin III (AT III) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) in early differential diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis from the severe form of acute hepatitis, the activities of AT III and alpha 2PI were measured in plasma of 15 patients with fulminant hepatitis and 6 patients with severe form of acute hepatitis. The activities of prothrombin time (PT), hepaplastintest (HPT) and thrombotest (TT) were also evaluated. The mean values and the standard errors (SE) for PT, HPT and TT were 21.1 +/- 2.6%, 14.0 +/- 1.6% and 10.3 +/- 1.7%, respectively, in the early stage of fulminant hepatitis and 25.3 +/- 2.4%, 21.6 +/- 4.6% and 15.8 +/- 3.6%, respectively, in the severe form of acute hepatitis. No significant difference in the tests between these two diseases was noted. On the other hand, the mean values +/- SE for AT III and alpha 2PI were 13.7 +/- 4.6% and 25.6 +/- 8.6% in fulminant hepatitis and 70.2 +/- 28.5% and 98.7 +/- 9.7% in the severe form of acute hepatitis. A significant difference between the two diseases was observed. From the above, it is concluded that measuring AT III and alpha 2PI along with PT, HPT and TT is useful for early diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis.
The important function of sialic acids in glycoproteins is to prolong the half life of the glycoproteins in the circulation. In this study, the sialic acid content of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apoproteins (predominantly B-100 apoprotein, a sialoglycoprotein) was analyzed together with relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL in 46 hypercholesterolemic and normo-cholesterolemic diabetics and non-diabetics. There was a significant positive correlation between the LDL-sialic acid content and LDL mobility either in the non-diabetics (r = 0.534, p less than 0.01) or in the diabetics (r = 0.482, p less than 0.02). Thus, the effect of the LDL-sialic acids upon the LDL electric charge was apparent. However, the LDL-sialic acids in the hypercholesterolemic diabetics were significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased to 9.64 +/- 0.63 micrograms/mg LDL protein (mean +/- S.E.) as compared with that in the normocholesterolemic diabetics (12.85 +/- 0.62 micrograms/mg LDL protein). Since the relatively sialic acid-poor LDL particles are rather accumulated in plasma of diabetic patients, the grade of sialylation of glycoprotein seems to have no role in the interaction with peripheral cells and therefore, the glycoprotein turnover, as far as the LDL apoproteins are concerned.
A randomized study of 5-FU + adriamycin (the control group) vs 5-FU + adriamycin + levamisole (LMS group) was conducted by an envelope method in 167 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer for clinical evaluation of LMS against advanced gastrointestinal cancer. There was a significant increase in survival with the LMS group (p less than 0.05). Median survivals were 3.7 months for the control group and 6.1 months for the LMS group of all patients with gastrointestinal cancer and patients with gastric cancer, respectively. There were no differences in response rate and duration of response between both groups, but the number of PD (progressive disease) cases was significantly smaller in the LMS group than in the control group (p = 0.001). Adverse reactions occurred more frequently in the LMS group, but there was no significant difference in incidence between both groups.
The efficacy of tiopronin (2-mercaptopropionyl glycine) 600 mg daily in the treatment of chronic active or chronic persistent hepatitis has been assessed in a double-blind controlled clinical trial of 12 weeks involving 165 Japanese patients with histologically proven disease. Treatment with the drug was associated with a significant improvement in abnormalities of serum transaminase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, with reversion towards baseline values on stopping the drug. Improvement was independent of the histological classification of the disease, or HBsAg status. The drug was well tolerated with few side-effects. The results of this short-term study indicate that tiopronin may be of value in the treatment of chronic hepatitis.
In order to see if there is a latent metabolic disorder of plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in uncontrolled diabetic patients without hyperlipoproteinemia, 28 diabetic patients and 13 matched normal subjects were analyzed for the compositions of fasting plasma VLDL. Although the lipid profiles and total apoproteins were similar among the normals, normolipoproteinemic well-controlled diabetics and normolipoproteinemic poorly-controlled diabetics, VLDL apoprotein B content tended to be decreased in poorly-controlled diabetics. Consequently, triglyceride/apoprotein B ratio was found to be increased significantly (p less than 0.02) to 12.5 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- S.E.) in the normolipoproteinemic poorly-controlled diabetics as compared with that in the normals (8.1 +/- 0.7). Since plasma VLDL is known to become relatively enriched with apoprotein B as the VLDL delipidation proceeds, the apoprotein B-poor VLDL in the normolipoproteinemic poorly-controlled diabetics seems to reflect a latent delayed turnover of circulating VLDL and this might be the disorder characteristic to diabetes mellitus.
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Serum LDH isoenzymes were comparatively evaluated in experimental and human liver carcinoma. In our experimental studies, LDH4 increased in AH 66 F metastatic hepatic cancer, but DAB hepatic cancer showed a significant increase of LDH5. In clinical studies, LDH4 and LDH5 increased significantly in metastatic liver carcinoma, and 15 (79%) out of 19 cases showed higher values of LDH4. In primary liver carcinoma LDH5 increased significantly, and 12 (92%) out of 13 cases showed a higher LDH5. Therefore, analyses of serum LDH isoenzymes would aid in differential diagnosis of metastatic and primary liver carcinoma.
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