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Biomedical subjects

I Kiefer

Publications and source records attributed to I Kiefer.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine craving: a newly described symptom of extreme nicotine dependence.

In our research on smoking and nicotine dependence we have noticed a sleep disturbance, which is a further symptom of extreme nicotine dependence. We call this symptom "nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine craving" (NSDNC). NSDNC is characterised by craving for cigarettes during the individual sleep times. The smoker awakes (one or several times per week) during his regular sleep time, and has to smoke a cigarette before he/she continues sleeping. This symptom can be explained by the decreasing nicotine levels during the sleep time, which results in nicotine craving. However, NSDNC should be carefully separated from other sleep disturbances, or sleep disturbing events (nycturia, medication side effects), when nicotine craving is not the main reason for awakening.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Primary prevention from the viewpoint of social medicine--examples of prevention projects].

Life style factors play an essential role in etiology and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, from a public health point of view, primary preventive measures are of especial importance. Health reports in the form of specific health reports (such as the Viennese Men's Health Report, the Lower Austrian Public Health Report) represent an important foundation for the matter of health promoting projects. In Austria, various preventive projects were suggested and successfully carried out because of these reports. Furthermore, the introduction of the WEBS organisation (scientific dietary counselling service) has shown that professional dietary counselling can indeed induce a change for the better in dietary behaviour and selection of foodstuffs. By the establishment of the first Austrian Institute for the Treatment of Tobacco and Nicotine Addiction (Nicotine Institute Vienna) not only is the diagnosis and treatment of tobacco addiction ensured, but it also provides information for the populace and those active in the health sector. These social public projects provide a valuable contribution to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2000

Body weight: the male and female perception.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between actual body weight, characterization of one's weight, and satisfaction with it. 246 students of medicine in the third (clinical) stage of their studies at the University of Vienna responded to a questionnaire asking about their weight and attitudes regarding their personal body weight. The results indicate that many young women and men are either unable to characterize their weight (as normal, underweight, overweight, or obese) or guess incorrectly. The results point to the fact that a lot of women and men do not estimate their body weight in correspondence to the valid definition of the BMI. Women in particular seem to model themselves more on the current beauty ideal than men. Women seem to be more influenced by the current ideal of slenderness than their male counterparts. Women are more frequently dissatisfied with their weight, and see themselves as considerably heavier than they actually are. Because of this perception, women attempt to reduce weight more often than men. This type of dissatisfaction with one's body weight and excessive attention paid to body image, particularly weight, are considered as risk factors for the development of eating disorders. Not surprisingly, women are significantly more prone to these conditions than are men.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Obesity in Austria: epidemiologic and social medicine aspects].

The importance of overweight not only for individual health and life expectancy but also for resulting health economics is stressed considering data from Austria. Epidemiology of overweight in Austria shows 8.5% of the population to be morbidly obese (Body Mass Index [BMI] higher than 30) and 14.5% overweight (BMI between 27 and 29.9). Prevalence of overweight in Austria shows a very masked decrease from eastern to the western districts of the country. As in other countries correlation of overweight with cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and systolic blood pressure) was found to be highly significant also in Austrian health screening programs. As far as treatment of overweight and its prevention is concerned not only short term weight loss, but it maintenance is important. Not only a realistic change in feeding behaviour and dieting but also a change in life style including regular physical activity is recommended requiring repeated and long-term controlling by qualified persons of the health profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Cancer preventive value of natural, non-nutritive food constituents].

Numerous epidemiologic studies have shown that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits and fiber is associated with a decreased risk of cancer, particularly of epithelial tumors. Especially this association is evident for various citrus fruits, carrots, leafy green vegetables, as well as cruciferous-(sorts of cabbage, broccoli) and leak vegetables (garlic, onions, etc.). In the course of investigation of the protective mechanisms exerted by vegetable foodstuffs, a great number of secondary plant products such as carotenoids, sulfides, glucosinolates, plant sterols saponins, terpens, phytoestrogens, flavones, protease inhibitors, or phenolic acids, which are substantial constituents of our daily food, have changed their meaning from a non-nutritive constituent to a probably cancer preventive biological-active substance. But also fermentable, soluble fibers and substances in fermented foods can exert protective effects on development of cancer. Mostly the anticarcinogenic action of biological-active substances is limited to an early stage of carcinogenesis. Therefore it seems to be important to start prevention of cancer by nutrition as early as possible and adhere to it over a long period.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Food service in Austrian hospitals: results of a survey].

130 medical and 130 administrative heads were asked to fill in a structured questionnaire to obtain an assessment of meals provided in Austrian hospitals. 62 questionnaires in each group were returned fully completed. Meals: öS 46,--are available per patient and day; whereby the costs of special diets are öS 11,--higher on average per day. Diets on offer: 96.8% of the questioned hospitals offered a diabetes diet; 95.2% a weight-reducing diet, 93.5% a light balanced diet and diet for patients with hyperlipidaemia and 90.3% a reduced salt diet (the worst accepted by the patients). 90.3% of these hospitals would consider dietary recommendations as a preventive measure. In fact, preventive dietary measure are implemented in 75.5% of the hospitals questioned. It was apparent that the staff in charge are aware of the influence of correct-nutrition in hospitals. It is recommended that nutritional advice should be offered more often in all wards (this is at present available in only 8.0% of the hospitals). It should be mentioned that financial resources concerning hospital meals should be increased for the more widespread establishment of "healthy food", too.

Austria↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of a weight reduction program: slender without diets].

"Schlank ohne Diät" ("Weight-Reduction Without Diet") is a strategy to normalize body weight, by influencing multiple factors that appear to influence and promote obesity. The base line of therapy is the modification of nutritional habits. Self-control, especially monitoring and recording of calorie intake and the loss of energy by physical activities is the key that trains every client to change his nutritional habits and helps to reduce body weight and keep normal body weight stable. In a retrospective study, including 134 persons, 84 clients (62,69%) were able to reduce body weight, 9 clients (6,72%) reached starting point of weight and in 30,60% (41 clients) during the participation in this methods an increase of body weight was seen. On an average 120 clients achieved a weight reduction of 5.98 kg during the participation in this method. The loss of weight ranged from 1 to 31 kg per person.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the weight reduction program "Reducing without Diet"].

"Schlank ohne Diät" ("Weight-Reduction Without Diet") is a strategy to normalize body weight, by influencing multiple factors that appear to influence and promote obesity. The base line of therapy is the modification of nutritional habits. Self-control, especially monitoring and recording of caloric intake and the loss of energy by physical activities is the key that trains every client to change his nutritional habits and helps to reduce body weight and keep normal body weight stable. In a retrospective study, including 134 persons, 84 clients (62.69%) were able to reduce body weight, 9 clients (6.72%) reached starting point of weight and in 30, 60% (41 clients) during the participation in this methods an increase of body weight was seen. On an average 120 clients achieved a weight reduction of 5.98 kg during the participation in this methode. The loss of weight ranged from 1 to 31 kg per person.

Adult↗