Self-desensitization and meditation in the reduction of public speaking anxiety.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Kirsch.
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By the end of the nineteenth century, psychology had become a mature scientific discipline unified around a common paradigm. Although the underlying unity of the field was recognized at the time, it has generally been obscured in later historical writings. In this article, the first "mentalist" paradigm of scientific psychology is examined. The mentalists shared a common definition of the field, two accepted modes of observation, and a common conception of the relationship between modes of observation and data thus observed. Rival schools advanced competing articulations of this shared paradigmatic structure.
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In the nineteenth century, the personal equation, which concerned individual differences in the accuracy of astronomical observations, provided an impetus to the development of experimental psychology. During the first decade of Wundt's laboratory, the measurement of the duration of mental acts received more experimental attention than any other subject. Twentieth century developments in the theoretical physics have stimulated interest in the nature of mental operations and conceptual transformations, a topic which is currently receiving increased attention in psychology. It is suggested that the history of psychology may provide a useful data source for additional work in this area.