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Biomedical subjects

I Koprowska

Publications and source records attributed to I Koprowska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Women in the early days of cytology: a personal recollection.

The fight for the acceptance of the validity of cytopathology has been fought by a group of individuals associated with George N. Papanicolaou. The common effort to convince the skeptics that Papanicolaou's method of diagnosing cancer was the best way to detect its presence at an early stage became a bond linking all of us. When we taught cytology, we felt more like preaching a gospel than like teaching a subject. Those of us who became involved in original research experienced an additional excitement from expanding the frontiers of our new specialty. This uniquely stimulating experience has been shared by women and men in most of the early cytology teaching centers throughout the world. This was different from the enthusiasm with which people enter the field of cytopathology today. All of us had to constantly prove the validity of what we were doing, whereas now the value of cytologic diagnosis is fully recognized and taken for granted.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed1985

Common antigenic sites on exfoliated cells derived from cervical carcinoma and in tumor cells of nonuterine origin as demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies in immunoperoxidase assay.

The binding characteristics of monoclonal antibodies produced against a variety of human tumor cells were studied on cervical carcinoma cell lines and on exfoliated cells of cervical smears. The latter included normal epithelial cells, cells derived from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cells from squamous cell carcinoma. Monoclonal antibodies that bound in immunoperoxidase assays to ethanol-fixed smears of cultured human tumor cells but not to normal cervical smears were screened on cervical smears containing malignant cells. Of the six antibodies selected for detailed studies, two each had been produced against bladder carcinoma and melanoma and one each against cervical and gastric carcinoma. Antibody 99-57 stained malignant cells from invasive carcinoma but not normal cervical cells. In cells from intraepithelial neoplasia, staining intensity was highest in severely dysplastic cells. Thus monoclonal antibodies are potentially useful in the detection of malignant cervical cells within a large number of nonmalignant cells, in conjunction with other diagnostic procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The role of cytology in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach.

Cytology is an invaluable adjunct in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach. It should be included in the initial diagnostic studies of every patient suspected of having a malignant lesion of the stomach. The yield and accuracy rates of brush cytology are superior to those of endoscopic biopsy. Early or superficial carcinoma can be detected by cytology. Common use of cytology should improve the resectability and the survival rates of the patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Flow cytometric prescreening of cervical smears.

One-parameter (nuclear DNA) and two-parameter (nuclear DNA and protein or cellular light scatter) measurements of cervical smears were performed using an ICP 11 and a cytofluorograf 4800 respectively. A total of about 1000 cases was analyzed. For the estimation of nuclear DNA alone two fluorochromes were tested (ethidium bromide (EB) and mithramycin (MMC)) combined with three different methods of cell preparation. For the two-parameter measurements cells were double stained with EB and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Red fluorescence (EB) versus green fluorescence (FITC) or red fluorescence versus scatter were recorded. A computer analysis of the one-parameter histograms was performed using discriminant analysis and the results were compared with the cytodiagnosis of microscopic specimens stained with the Papanicolaou technique. The error rates of the flow cytometric (FCM) data were as follows: (a) standard EB staining, 11% false negative, 26% false positive, 6% unsatisfactory results; (b) pepsination of vital cells and EB staining, 12% false negative, 14% false positive and 4% unsatisfactory results; (c) MMC staining, 10% false negative, 65% false positive and 5% unsatisfactory results. Our two-parameter measurements prove that, as confirmed by cell sorting, red fluorescence versus scatter allows separation of at least three subpopulations in most analyzed samples: (a) anucleated cells; (b) leukocytes; and (c) intermediate and superficial cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1975

Different agglutinability of fibroblasts underlying various precursor lesions of human uterine cervical carcinoma.

Fibroblasts underlying human uterine cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma are agglutinable by concanavalin A (Con A) but not by wheat germ agglutinin, except at very high concentration. Studies with low levels of Con A show that maximal agglutination is obtained with fibroblasts from invasive carcinoma, while the fibroblasts underlying dysplasia give minimal agglutination reactions. Fibroblasts underlying carcinoma in situ give agglutination reactions halfway between those obtained with fibroblasts underlying dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. An epithelial-like cell line obtained from a case of dysplasia shows agglutinability by Con A very similar to that obtained with fibroblasts underlying dysplasia. These epithelial-like cells are also not agglutinable by wheat germ agglutinin. Treatment of the cervical cells, both epithelial and fibroblasts, with neuraminidase leads to slight increase in agglutination by both Con A and wheat germ agglutinin. Marked increase in agglutination is not obtained even after treatment with high concentration of neuraminidase (10 units/10(6) cells). Marked agglutinability, however, is observed after trypsin treatment. The results suggest that, while the fibroblasts obtained from normal cervix are not agglutinable by Con A, surface alterations necessary for Con A-specific agglutination exist in fibroblasts during the early stage of development of uterine cervical epithelial neoplasia (dysplasia) and increase with the progression through carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. Loss of cell surface sialic acids may result in a slight increase in agglutinability, but some other mechanism(s) is likely to be involved in alteration of surface properties that lead to marked agglutinability of the human uterine cervical cells obtained from cancer precursor lesions.

Agglutination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concurrent discoveries of the value of vaginal smears for diagnosis of uterine cancer.

The history of clinical cytology is analyzed in light of the dependence of discoveries upon their cultural environment and past contributions. Simultaneous reports of George N. Papanicolaou and Aurel Babes and their respective originality are compared. Although glorified for saving countless women from death due to uterine cancer, Papanicolaou tried in vain to convey to his peers the importance of a distinct cellular pattern corresponding to cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. The value of this pattern expressing evolutionary steps in the development of cancer at individual cell levels was not appreciated. His terminology was ignored and replaced by histologic diagnoses already familiar to pathologists as well as clinicians. Papanicolaou was the first to describe this pattern, whereas malignant cells in vaginal smears were recognized and used for cancer diagnosis by others before Papanicolaou's work. It is therefore no wonder that the Nobel Prize Committee was at a loss to identify what he discovered.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loss of blood isoantigens in exfoliated cells during the progression of CIN demonstrated by monoclonal antibody staining.

The presence of isoantigens A, B and H in exfoliated cervical epithelial cells was readily demonstrable in cervical smears using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase staining technique. The progressive decrease in the percentage of immunoperoxidase-positive dysplastic cells and in the proportion of cytologically normal squamous cells associated with these dysplastic cells reflected the loss of isoantigen expression that paralleled increasingly severe stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The loss of isoantigen expression in morphologically normal epithelial cells and in dysplastic cells may indicate that a particular patient is at greater risk of disease progression and that close follow-up is warranted.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A monoclonal antibody that binds to tumor-associated antigens of exfoliated cells in the smears of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The reactivity of CE 407, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) known to bind to the cells of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, was tested by the immunoperoxidase technique in samples from precursor lesions with and without associated condylomatous atypia. Antibody CE 407 bound with a high frequency to cells from cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to cells showing condylomatous changes. Antibody CE 407 gave a positive reaction in 16 (64%) of 25 patients with CIN only. When the morphologic characteristics of human papillomavirus infection were present along with CIN, there was a higher frequency of positivity, with 27 (93%) of 29 such cases positive for CE 407. Reactivity of this MAb with normal exfoliated cervical epithelial cells was not observed.

Animals↗