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Biomedical subjects

I Krantz

Publications and source records attributed to I Krantz.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Toxin-neutralizing antibodies in patients with pertussis, as determined by an assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Antibodies to pertussis toxin were measured by a neutralization test (Chinese hamster ovary cell assay) in paired serum samples from 122 patients with whooping cough. The results were compared with previously published titers of IgG, IgM, and IgA measured by ELISA. Significant (fourfold or more) increases in neutralizing antibodies developed in 69 patients. Sixty-eight of them also had significant increases in at least one antibody class as measured by ELISA. Seventeen patients had significant increases in at least one antibody class without increases in neutralizing antibodies. All 163 serum samples with neutralizing antibodies also had detectable IgG, whereas 14 samples with IgG and 18 with IgM were negative by neutralization test. Thus, toxin-neutralizing serum antibodies develop in most patients with pertussis. Our ELISA, however, was more sensitive in detecting low levels of antibodies and in demonstrating significant increases between acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The carrier state in pertussis.

In order to determine whether healthy adults can be of importance for the spread of pertussis the nasopharyngeal flora of 391 healthy individuals working in close contact with children was investigated during the height of a pertussis epidemic. Only 1 carrier of Bordetella pertussis was found, even though all individuals were exposed to the organism during the study period through their work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

In-vitro sensitivity of Bordetella pertussis.

The in-vitro effect of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole against 152 strains of Bordetella pertussis was investigated. When tested against erythromycin, 96% of the isolated strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 mg/l. The other antibiotics did not inhibit the growth of Bord. pertussis at concentrations judged achievable in-vivo.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

Quantitative nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in nontoxic doses.

The effect of gentamicin on the renal function of 36 patients was studied by means of several techniques. After normal or even subnormal doses of gentamicin, progressively decreasing rates of glomerular filtration, as measured by clearance of [51Cr]ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, were observed in a majority of the patients, although trough and peak concentrations in serum were well below accepted levels of gentamicin toxocity. Correspondingly, the serum half-lives of gentamicin tended to increase during the courses of treatment. Changes in levels of serum creatinine were not pronounced enough to demonstrate the decreasing rates of glomerular filtration. Studies on serum and urinary levels of a low-molecular-weight protein, beta2-microglobulin, indicated that gentamicin affects the kidney both on the glomerular and the tubular level. The results emphasized the need for monitoring of gentamicin dosages as well as the need for alternative antibiotics to treat patients with preexisting renal impairment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salbutamol vs. placebo for treatment of pertussis.

The efficacy of salbutamol was assessed in a double blind placebo controlled crossover study in nine hospitalized children with whooping cough in the convulsive stage verified by culture or serology. The children were 1.5 to 27 months old (median, 4 months). The dosage of salbutamol was the one normally used and supplementary treatment was standardized. Salbutamol was found to give no significant effects on the course or severity of whooping cough in the children treated.

Albuterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical and psychological effects of anogenital warts on female patients.

Symptoms and psychological reactions of 82 patients with anogenital warts were recorded in a descriptive study at the beginning and after treatment. A majority of the patients had substantial and longstanding symptoms like local pain, tenderness, and discharge. Anxieties about cancer and cure were common. With a mood adjective checklist, the patients were compared to 58 referents, matched for background variables. There were significant differences in experiences of pleasantness, activation, and social orientation, which suggest a conspicuous emotional effect of the disease. The clinical picture and pathology of anogenital warts are well known, but the profound impact, hitherto unknown, of the disease on women's physical and psychological well-being should also be taken into account when designing health care and prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Female genital schistosomiasis as a risk-factor for the transmission of HIV.

Sexually transmitted diseases increase the probability for HIV transmission, presumably through lesions in the genital mucosa. Female genital schistosomiasis, a special form of urinary schistosomiasis due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium, may be another risk-factor for transmission of HIV. From published data there seem to be pathophysiological, immunological and epidemiological evidence for an association between genital ulcer disease due to S. haematobium and HIV-infection in women. Female genital schistosomiasis could be seen as an example of how an interaction between a parasitic disease and HIV facilitates the propagation of the latter. As long as the prevalence of HIV is low in the general population, interventions targeted to high risk groups will significantly delay, or even prevent, widespread dissemination of the HIV infection in the rest of the population. If female genital schistosomiasis is a risk factor for the spread of HIV like other genital ulcer diseases, there should be interesting ways to intervene from the public health point of view.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Individual counseling of patients with sexually transmitted diseases. A way to improve partner notification in a Zambian setting?

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a major health problem in Zambia. Partner notification, which is a recommended strategy to decrease STD, must be improved. GOAL: To assess whether individual counseling of patients with STD, combined with contact slip(s), had any impact on the proportion of sex partners traced in an urban setting in Zambia. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial comprised of 94 women and 302 men with STD. RESULTS: Women and men in the intervention group informed more partners than did those in the control group. In the intervention group, 1.8 partners per man was treated compared to 1.2 in the control group (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups of women. There was a gradual decline from numbers of partners informed to numbers of partners treated according to the patient to number of contact slips filed. CONCLUSIONS: Individual counseling of men with STD improved partner notification.

Adolescent↗