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I L Graves

Publications and source records attributed to I L Graves.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus inhibited in the elution-inhibition reaction.

The neuraminidase (NA) on strain 575 of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was inhibited with elution-inhibition (EI) antibodies causing permanent agglutination patterns of red blood cells (RBC). Detection of EI antibody was unaffected by passage through sephadex, centrifugation or plaque purification of NDV. The haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and EI reactions as well as the NA inhibition test all showed an increase in titre as immunization progressed. Fluorescent-stained IgG on RBC from the EI reaction appeared as foci but as a halo if NDV was disrupted with ether suggesting NDV aggregation. The haemagglutinin (HA) on "sensitized' RBC from the EI reaction was not neutralized and agglutinated newly added RBC. The NA cleaved fetuin at 49 to 88% of the maximum values while bound to RBC by EI antibody. Added NA substrates failed to block the EI reaction. The order of inactivation at 53 or 56 degrees C but not 50 degrees C was: the putative EI antibody determinant > NA > HA. The term elution inhibition is suggested for the antibody responsible for the EI reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Newcastle disease viruses in birds in the Atlantic flyway: isolations, haemagglutination-inhibition and elution-inhibition antibody profiles.

The study involved 15 avian species with 5,012 attempts to isolate Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) from their faeces over a three-year period (1977-1979). NDV were isolated from asymptomatic adult Canada geese, nestling Royal terms, a juvenile European Mute swan, and adult Tundra swans on the Eastern flyway. Ring-billed gulls were negative for haemagglutination-inhibition (HI), elution-inhibition (EI) (anti-neuraminidase) antibodies, and NDV despite 3,403 isolation attempts. The EI antibody assay used a strain isolated from a Mute swan. The prevalence of EI antibodies in the swan and geese ranged from 3-41%, while the geometric mean titre (GMT) varied from 20-36. The prevalence of HI antibodies in the swans and geese ranged from 4-62%, while the GMT varied from 16-42. In each of three years (1977-1979), the adult Mute swans had a higher HI antibody prevalence than the juveniles (P < 0.01). Among the Mute swans the HI and EI assays detected serologic conversions and persistent antibodies over the three-year period. The HI and EI assays were effective in showing differences in antibody prevalences in populations of feral birds of different species and age. The EI assay is applicable for population studies of the anti-neuraminidase antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hematologic observations on the yak.

The uak has two hemoglobins sharing a common globin chain. Hb slow appears unique to the yak among the ruminants studied. It is not known if Hb slow is important in high altitude adaptation, but physilogic rather than hematolgoic adjustments may be more important agter acute blood loss, as 2,3-DPG remains nit and no disproportionate hemolgoin production occurs.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1975

Recurring hemolytic anemia, babesiasis, and influenza A viruses in a yak at low altitude in Nepal.

Episodes of hemolysis and leukocytosis which were associated with Babesia bigemina followed each of 3 challenge exposures to influenza A viruses. It is possible that viral infection altered the immunologic host-parasite equilibrium. Acute thrombocytopenia and rouleaux formation were also observed. Death, attributed to liver flukes, occurred 168 days after the yak was transferred from high to low altitude. A 2nd yak died of foot-and-mouth disease, thus supporting the Nepali belief that yaks will not survive at the lower altitudes of Kathmandu.

Altitude↗
PubMed1974

Spread of influenzaviruses A/ENGLAND/42/72 AND A/Hong Kong/1/68.

Seroconversion for A/England/42/72 (H3N2) virus occurred in a child in Calcutta in August 1971, one month after the virus was first isolated in India. During the following 5 months a small increase was observed in the geometric mean titres (GMT). In mid-1972 the virus was in Kathmandu, Nepal, where the children had a higher GMT than the adults. The GMT increased sharply during 1972 and early 1973 and this increase was accompanied by an increased number of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. Among the people in the isolated village of Lang Tang (3 500 m elevation), the GMT and prevalence for both A/England/42/72 and A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) were less than 50% of the Kathmandu values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Susceptibility of a yak to influenza A viruses and presence of H3N2 antibodies in animals in Nepal and India.

Naturally acquired antibody to H3N2 human influenza antigens was found in a yak-zebu crossbred in Nepal. Serial inoculation of a yak, negative for antibody, produced a response to A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2), A/England/42/72 (H3N2), and A/Prague/1/56 (Heq1 Neq1) influenzavirus strains. Single radial diffusion tests showed that cattle and goats in West Bengal, India, and water buffaloes and cattle in Kathmandu, Nepal, also had antibodies against the H3N2 antigens. Haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to equine influenzaviruses were not found in human, goat, cattle, chicken, and dog sera, nor were antibodies to avian viruses found in human or equine serum.

Animals↗