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Biomedical subjects

I M Borish

Publications and source records attributed to I M Borish.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Adaptability of a broad spectrum of randomly selected patients to a variable design progressive lens: report of a nationwide clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Through continuously improved design, progressive lenses have become the presbyopic lens style of choice by some practitioners. Studies have shown them to be preferred by patients but growth has been modest over the last 35 years. Many practitioners may remember early problems now eliminated. This stigma may prevent many patients from benefiting from improved technology. METHODS: An invitation to be involved in a study was sent to practitioners nationally. Each was asked to induct ten patients; obtaining personal and prescription information as well as preferences, adaptive experience, age and occupation. Practitioners were asked to target current presbyopes so that conversion success could be better evaluated. RESULTS: The 1,713 patients in the study had an average age of 49.4 years, 28 percent of whom were currently wearing bifocals or trifocals. Of these, 85 percent preferred the study PAL over their current multifocal. Most adapted in less than two weeks. A similar percentage was also seen across the variety of occupations in the study. CONCLUSIONS: With a confidence level of 95 percent, the findings of this large scale study regarding acceptance of the study PAL were extremely positive. Success is apparently influenced by fitting skills as most failures were recorded in a few isolated practices where acceptance level dropped to less than 40 percent. Without these, the balance of practitioners averaged over a 90 percent acceptance level in patients converting from a wide range of lens styles, as well as patients of a wide variety of ages and occupations.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Teaching the traditional optometry with the new optometry.

This paper addresses the problem of integrating new technology into the preclinical and clinical teaching programs. The use of senior students to teach their juniors is advocated. A team approach to patient care is discussed.

Optometry↗
PubMed1991

Physiology of aging and its influence on the contact lens prescription.

The normal progressive physiological and visual effects of aging and its influence on the ability of contact lenses to provide ametropic correction is examined in this article. Of primary significance is the aging eye's perceptual ability especially in the mesopic range of vision. In addition, a recap of current available techniques is included for correction of presbyopia with contact lenses from the perspective of prescribing for an aging patient--not merely a patient who has lost only the ability to accommodate. One of the hallmarks of the profession of optometry has been its traditional support of the premise that patients should be provided with the best possible optical correction. While there are presbyopic patients who can achieve satisfactory vision via the contact lens modalities now in use, the physiological influences discussed here have been generally ignored by the profession. A redefinition of the criteria indicating patient "success" has evolved from achieving satisfaction through excellent vision derived from the optimum optical correction, to satisfaction obtained through patient selection and indoctrination to wear an optically inferior device. Unless the physiological, visual, and psychological effects of aging are adequately compensated by future contact lens designs, most elderly patients will remain likely to return to spectacles as the deficiencies of contact lens correction become progressively more apparent to them.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Pupil dependency of bifocal contact lenses.

The advantages and the problems associated with use of alternating vision and simultaneous vision bifocal contact lenses are analyzed. The changes in pupil diameter associated with changes in illumination and in the distance of the task make the selection of the best bifocal design complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Optics of progressive addition lenses.

The optical characteristics of the major progressive addition lenses were measured using an automated lensometer with a specially designed lens holder to simulate eye rotation. Measurements were made every 3 degrees (about 1.5 mm) and graphs of isospherical equivalent lines and isocylinder lines were developed. Generally the near zone of these lenses is narrower and lower than in bifocal or trifocal lenses. Distinct differences exist between the various progressive lenses. The width of the near zone, rate of power progression, amount of unwanted cylinder (level with the distance center), and clarity of the distance zone are compared for the various lenses. The optical measurements demonstrate an apparent trade-off between the size of the cylinder-free area of the lens and the amount of the cylinder.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Relative movement of lower lid and line of sight from distant to near fixation.

The difference in extent of movement of the lower lid and of the line of fixation of 107 subjects when the eyes were lowered from the primary plane to the reading position were measured using a stroboscopic camera. The difference in the extent of movement between the two is assumed to indicate the amount by which the lower lid would raise a bifocal contact lens before the pupil. The mean difference was found to be 0.8 +/- 0.347 mm. The area of the pupil occupied by the segment based upon each individual pupil size and difference of lid/fixation movement was also calculated. The mean for the above subjects was found to be 16.9 +/- 14.4%. Both the above values are much less than the amounts heretofore predicated for efficient bifocal vision. Other factors, particularly the upper lid's role in the movement of the contact lens translating bifocal, are noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the acceptance of progressive addition multifocals with blended bifocals.

An evaluation of the relative influence of the optical features of two forms of invisible addition lenses, one of progressive power form and one in blended bifocal form, is made upon a number of subjects. One group consisted of previous progressive lens wearers and served not only the above purpose but also as an analysis of patient preference after the initial novelty had worn off. The second group consisted of subjects unacquainted with either type presented in a double-masked procedure. Progressive forms of invisible lenses were overwhelmingly preferred over blended forms in both groups. The first group also showed a preponderant inclination for retention of progressive lenses after some span of wear even among subjects previously accustomed to the usual visible bifocal forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Aphakia: perceptual and refractive problems of spectacle correction.

The perceptual variations due to removal of the crystalline lens and the employment of powerful plus spectacle lenses are described. These include refractive change, distortion, magnification, limitation of the visual field, peripheral vision, sensitivity of light and changes in the required convergence. The technique for satisfactory refraction of the aphakic eye is discussed and the elements leading to error such as vertex distance and pantoscopic tilt are considered. Other factors necessary for understanding the refraction such as the apparent accommodative range and the limitations affecting field charting are also covered. Method of securing binocularity via contact lens-spectacle combinations for monocular cases, and the need for rehabilitative procedures conclude this treatment.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1982

Bifocal contact lenses.

A brief description of the construction and optical behavior of three general forms of hard contact lens bifocals are described. Each is considered from the standpoint of essential fitting criteria and brief techniques and qualifications affecting potential success are noted. The authors' technique utilized over many years of fitting segmented forms of contact lens bifocals is described in detail. Applications of principles affecting positioning and rotation of such lenses associated with edge design and lid action are noted. A simple clinical technique for determining appropriate segment height and position and viability of segment translation a priori to ordering contact lenses is described. Summarization indicates that common principles apply to all forms varied only by aspects of the individual constructions, and that these principles may also apply to the newly presented soft contact lens versions of bifocals.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1980

Double masked study of progressive addition lenses.

Fifty-four patients, selected to encompass the full range of bifocal additions were involved in a double masked study of Varilux II and Ultravue progressive addition lenses in which neither patient in or examiner knew the type of lens prescribed at a given trial. Measurements of width of near field were taken with each type prior to and following wearing periods of one month each. Subjects had complete freedom to select or substitute a form of bifocal of their own choice without extra costs. The paper indicates the selections made, and considers the variables influencing these choices. The final results imply that acceptance of variable focus lenses may rest more with the bias of the practitioner than the readiness of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Erickson goniolens system.

The Optometric Research Institute has clinically evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of the Erickson Goniolens System. Operational procedures and interpreting the results are discussed. Advantages, disadvantages and conclusions are expressed.

Contact Lenses↗