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Biomedical subjects

I M Murray-Lyon

Publications and source records attributed to I M Murray-Lyon.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

High lipid parenteral feeds raise plasma branched chain amino acid concentrations--a possible therapeutic approach to portasystemic encephalopathy?

The effect of varying the calorie source of parenteral feeding from an all glucose source to a high fat source has been studied in seven patients with normal liver function by randomised crossover trial. 'Intralipid' used as the major non-nitrogen calorie source (except for 400 kcal as glucose) was associated with significantly lower plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose, significantly higher plasma concentrations of the three branched chain amino acids, and a significantly higher urinary excretion of sodium. If these effects of a high fat parenteral feed were repeatable in patients with liver failure and portasystemic encephalopathy they might be of therapeutic benefit.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis B virus DNA in the hepatocyte. A series of 160 biopsies.

DNA-DNA hybridisation was used to examine 160 liver biopsies for the presence of the hepatitis B virus genome. HBeAg-positive HBsAg carriers were found to have replicating viral DNA in the hepatocytes and, very occasionally, HBV DNA was also integrated into the chromosomes. A high proportion of the anti-HBe-positive HBsAg carriers also have replicating HBV DNA and in the remainder integrated sequences are often, but not always, seen. No evidence was found, however, to implicate HBV in HBsAg-negative patients with alcoholic liver disease, nor in patients with a variety of other liver diseases including non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Randomised controlled trial of lymphoblastoid interferon for chronic active hepatitis B.

Thirty male patients (28 homosexual or bisexual) with biopsy proven chronic active hepatitis B were randomised to receive lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) or no treatment. All patients were HBeAg-positive and had continuing viral replication. Interferon was given as a single daily i.m. injection for 28 days at a starting dose of 2.5 megaunits/m2 increasing to a maximum of 7.5 megaunits/m2/day. Transient side-effects occurred in all patients. Hepatitis B viral replication was suppressed during interferon treatment in all patients but the effect was limited to the period of therapy. After 1 year there was no appreciable difference in viral markers between the two groups of patients and this treatment schedule appears less effective than the thrice weekly, 3-month regimes reported from other centres.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Early warning skin signs in AIDS and persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.

Distinctive patterns of skin disease other than Kaposi's sarcoma have been in patients with AIDS, in others with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and in a group at high risk of developing AIDS. We found a chronic acneiform folliculitis on the face, back, chest and buttocks, extensive cutaneous fungal infections and a striking neck and beard impetigo. These skin diseases were not present in asymptomatic male homosexual control subjects, 32% of whom were found to have antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). We regard these dermatoses as early warning signs of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Trial of (+)-cyanidanol-3 in patients with hepatitis B chronic liver disease.

A double-blind controlled trial of 12 months' treatment with (+)-cyanidanol-3 was carried out in 26 patients with chronic hepatitis B liver disease. Treatment did not improve liver blood tests nor histological appearances of the liver, but there was a trend towards reduction of serum titres of hepatitis B surface antigen.

Catechin↗
PubMed1985

Altered natural history of hepatitis B in homosexual males--a reflection of altered immune responsiveness?

We suggest that subtle alterations in T-cell functions in male homosexuals makes them more likely to have silent anicteric hepatitis B infection, and perhaps more likely to become chronic carriers with significant chronic liver disease. This immunodeficiency might also explain why they respond less favourably to antiviral therapy. In future trials of antiviral therapy homosexual males should be randomised separately. Further studies of the immunomodulatory effects of new and existing agents will be of value in designing drug regimes particularly suited to the treatment of homosexual HBV carriers.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

Imported epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Qatar.

During one year, 198 patients were admitted to the Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, with acute viral hepatitis. Sera from 126 of these were tested for HBsAg, IgM anti-HBc, IgG anti-HAV, IgM anti-HAV, and delta antibody in those positive for HBsAg. Only 6% of the patients were Qatari nationals and the remainder were immigrants. Of the 126 patients tested, 7 had acute hepatitis A, 29 had acute hepatitis B (none were positive for delta antibody), and the remaining 91 were regarded as having had acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Of this latter group, 75% were Indian immigrants of whom 59% presented within six weeks of arrival in Qatar and only 2 patients presented later than eight weeks. These patients were thought to have contracted the infection in transit camps in India before immigration to Qatar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Alcohol and foetal damage.

Heavy alcohol consumption (more than 80 g per day) in pregnancy is associated with the foetal alcohol syndrome. More moderate consumption is reported to result in increased rates of spontaneous abortion, still birth and congenital malformation as well as growth retardation. There may be functional deficits in early childhood. In the light of current knowledge abstinence from alcohol before and during pregnancy is advisable.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1984

Prediction of early death after therapeutic hepatic arterial embolisation.

A consecutive series of 14 patients with hepatic malignant disease treated by palliative hepatic arterial embolisation was reviewed. Twelve patients had hepatic pain from their tumour and two were suffering from the carcinoid syndrome. Six patients died within four weeks of the procedure (group 1) and eight survived for at least 10 weeks (group 2). Factors were sought that might permit prediction of a high risk of early death (group 1). The pre-embolisation angiograms reviewed by a "blind" observer showed no differences in vascularity or tumour size between the groups and no difference in the extent of arterial occlusion after embolisation. The portal vein was patent in all patients. No significant difference was seen between the groups in the pre-embolisation biochemical values, with the exception of lower serum albumin concentrations and higher alkaline phosphatase activities in group 1. All those who died early had serum alkaline phosphatase activities of 45 KAU or above, while six of the eight who survived longer had activities below this value (p less than 0.02). These findings suggest that serum alkaline phosphatase activity of 45 KAU or more (normal range 3-13) might alone be a useful predictor of early death. Stepwise discriminant analysis using a weighted combination of serum alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin concentration predicted the outcome in all but one of the patients studied (p less than 0.002).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Persistent lymphadenopathy in homosexual men: a clinical and ultrastructural study.

Ultrastructural changes (tubuloreticular structures and tube and ring shaped forms) previously described in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described for the first time in the lymph nodes and circulating lymphocytes of patients with persistent lymphadenopathy. These observations support the view that the persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome and AIDS are caused by the same transmissible agent(s).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Intracytoplasmic inclusions in human hepatocytes in non-A, non-B hepatitis: an ultrastructural study.

An ultrastructural study was carried out on 114 liver biopsies obtained for diagnostic purposes from patients with various pathological disorders of the liver including hepatitis B-related liver disease, non-A, non-B hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty change, and cryptogenic cirrhosis. The opportunity was taken to evaluate the significance of intracytoplasmic crystalline structures found in the hepatocytes of nine patients with a variety of liver disorders. The cytoplasmic inclusions varied in size up to 2 microns in length and shape and were not limited by membranes. The presence of these inclusions cannot, however, be correlated either specifically with non-A, non-B hepatitis or with other known nonviral liver disease. The functional, physiological, and pathological significance of the crystalline structures remain to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Platelet prostaglandin production in alcoholic liver disease.

Impaired platelet aggregation is a common finding in patients with alcoholic liver disease. This may be due to impairment of prostaglandin synthesis and alterations in the proportions of platelet membrane lipids secondary to changes in circulating lipids. Platelet prostaglandin synthesis was measured by the production of malonaldehyde (MDA), and was increased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared with normal controls. Mean MDA production in cirrhotics was 3.37 nmoles MDA/10(9) platelets, and in controls 1.01 nmoles MDA/10(9) platelets (p less than 0.01). Platelet prostaglandin synthesis was significantly related to the serum cholesterol:triglyceride ratio (r = 0.73, p less than 0.005). Platelet aggregation was impaired in 12/14 cirrhotics. Five of the cirrhotics had a factor in their plasma which appeared to enhance the aggregation of normal platelets. Impaired platelet aggregation in patients with alcoholic liver disease appears to be due to a defect in intraplatelet metabolism.

Adult↗