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Biomedical subjects

I M Penttilä

Publications and source records attributed to I M Penttilä.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The nutritional status of Finnish home-living elderly people and the relationship between energy intake and chronic diseases.

The nutritional status and the impact of non-progressive chronic diseases on energy intake were determined in 90 home-living people aged from 73 to 94 years. The nutritional status was assessed by dietary, anthropometric, biochemical and haematological methods. Energy intake (6.0, SD 1.7 MJ) in women was low compared with the Nordic Nutrient Recommendation but in men it (8.0, SD 2.1 MJ) was in keeping with this recommendation. Despite the low energy intake the mean BMI value of women was moderately high (27, SD 5.3 kg/m2). In men the mean was 26, SD 4.0 kg/m2. The intakes of vitamins and minerals met the recommendation, except for those of folic acid and zinc. The blood levels of both these two nutrients were within reference limits. Men suffering from chronic diseases received less (p < 0.015) energy (7.5, SD 1.76 MJ) than other men (8.9, SD 2.0 MJ). This relationship was not found in women. In conclusion, the nutritional status of people aged over 70 years old living at home was good. The presence of chronic diseases affected the energy intake in men but not in women.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Inverse relation of physical activity and apolipoprotein AI to blood pressure in elderly women.

To study the relation of habitual physical activity, diet, and serum lipoproteins to blood pressure, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 202 women, age 60-69 yr. Sitting, supine, and standing blood pressure was measured with a standard sphygmomanometer. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, diet by food records, serum lipoprotein cholesterol enzymatically, and apolipoprotein AI turbidimetrically. Among the women not taking antihypertensive medication (N = 127), the physically most active (physical activity 5 times per week or more) had sitting diastolic blood pressure of 86 mm Hg (adjusted for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and cardiovascular health status), which was 8 mm Hg lower (P = 0.007) than in the least active (physical activity twice per week or less) women. Subjects in the highest tertile of apolipoprotein AI (> 1.46 g.l-1) had a mean sitting systolic blood pressure of 147 mm Hg (adjusted for age, body mass index, and cardiovascular health status), which was 16 and 13 mm Hg lower (P = 0.001) than in women in the middle and lowest tertiles (< 1.32 g.l-1), respectively. The present data suggest that, in elderly women, regular physical activity is associated with a clinically significant lowering of diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, a higher level of serum apolipoprotein AI, the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein particles, is inversely associated with systolic blood pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Flow cytometric method to measure urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase from blood neutrophils for use in the prenatal screening of Down's syndrome.

The histochemical measurement of urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase from maternal blood neutrophils is known to have a high detection rate for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome pregnancies. However, because the histochemical method is laborious and subjective to use, it has not gained widespread acceptance in prenatal screening programmes. We present a simple and objective method for the measurement of urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase by flow cytometry. The method should allow the design of larger studies aimed at evaluating the role of neutrophil urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase in the prenatal screening for Down's syndrome.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors.

The relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to plasma fibrinogen concentration, Factor VII activity (F VIIc), Factor X activity (F X), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) concentrations, anti-thrombin III (AT III) and apolipoprotein(a) (Apo[a]) was analyzed in 111 normolipidemic men aged 51-53 years. Diet was evaluated by seven day food records. Maximal oxygen consumption and aerobic threshold were determined in maximal bicycle ergospirometry test based on breath-by-breath analysis of expired respiratory gas. Plasma fibrinogen was measured by thrombin method, F VIIc by one-stage coagulation method, AT III and F X colorimetrically, t-PA and PAI-1 antigens by ELISA and Apo(a) concentration radioimmunologically. Carbohydrate intake was negatively (r = -0.31, p < 0.001; r = -0.24, p < 0.01; r = -0.36, p < 0.001) and fat intake positively (r = 0.24, p < 0.01; r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.32, p < 0.001) related to F X, PAI-1, and t-PA, respectively. Aerobic threshold correlated negatively with fibrinogen (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) and F X (r = -0.30, p < 0.001). Fasting insulin was the strongest determinant for PAI-1 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and a significant positive correlate to F VIIc (r = 0.30, p < 0.001), F X (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) and t-PA (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). These data emphasize the importance that carbohydrate rich diet and cardiorespiratory fitness may have against thrombogenesis.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1993

Quality specifications for S-AFP and S-HCG-beta determinations for screening of fetal abnormalities.

High levels of maternal serum alpha-1-fetoprotein (S-AFP) are associated with fetal structural abnormalities like neutral tube defects and congenital nephrosis. It has a very high detection rate when used for screening of these diseases. On the other hand, the low levels of maternal S-AFP act as a marker of many fetal chromosomal aberrations. The detection rate of S-AFP alone for the screening of Down's syndrome is low. Wald et al. have shown that the addition of the determination of maternal serum chorionic gonadotrophin (S-HCG-beta) to S-AFP analysis, and using a computer program for risk estimation increases the detection rate for Down's syndrome to about 57% with a false positive rate of 5%. In this study we present the results of our screening program for structural fetal defects and chromosomal aberrations in Eastern Finland, and describe the standardization and quality control of maternal serum AFP and HCG-beta analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Quality specifications for glycated hemoglobin A1c.

Berne has suggested that a change in the measured value (in per cent) of GHbA1c that is smaller than 1.0% does not lead to any therapeutic action from the clinician. Since the meeting of the "Friibergh Herrgård Seminar", April 23-24, 1990 on the "Medical Need for Quality Specifications in Laboratory Medicine" we have discussed this with our specialists at the Kuopio University Hospital and they share Berne's opinion. Keeping this in mind we have standardized our method so that the total analytical variation of the GHbA1c is small as compared to the measured biological variation of GHbA1c in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. In this report we describe how we have succeeded in keeping the coefficient of variation of our routine method for GHbA1c analyses small enough for clinical purposes.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Low serum vitamin D metabolites in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

The etiology of osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. We studied the calcium and vitamin D metabolism in 143 women with RA (mean age 50.7 years). Albumin corrected serum calcium was normal. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased in 29 percent of cases. Serum vitamin D levels were frequently very low. In 16 percent of the RA patients serum 25(OH)D concentration was below 12.5 nmol/L, which is arbitrarily considered as the limit of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia. In the winter season 73 percent of the patients had serum 1,25(OH)2D levels below the seasonally adjusted normal range. The lowest values were found in patients with high disease activity. We suggest that there is a disturbance in vitamin D metabolism in RA. This might play a role in osteoporosis associated with RA.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of poly- and monoclonal antibodies for determination of B-cell clonal excess in an routine clinical laboratory.

Flow cytometry (FCM) has gained wide use in the determination of clonality in B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases and many methodological variations exist. We have compared the suitability of a) dual fluorochrome (FITC/PE)-labelled monoclonal antibodies, b) single fluorochrome (FITC)-labelled monoclonal antibodies and c) F(ab')2 fragments of FITC-labelled polyclonal antibodies for flow cytometric determination of clonality using commercially available software and a short sample preparation protocol. The FCM method was validated by analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain gene rearrangements. We recommend the use of FITC-labelled monoclonals to obtain three parameters, the kappa/lambda ratio, D and D/S(n) values (Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics) instead of the commonly used kappa/lambda ratio and D values only. This allows the use of a rapid sample preparation protocol to blood and bone marrow aspirates without sacrificing sensitivity or specificity obtained by the usual FCM method.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

The European Stroke Prevention Study: results according to sex.

The European Stroke Prevention Study was a multicenter trial comparing the effect of a combination of 75 mg dipyridamole and 330 mg acetylsalicylic acid tid with placebo in the prevention of stroke or death after one or more attacks of recent transient ischemic attacks or stroke of atherothrombotic origin. From the 2,500 patients in the intention-to-treat analysis, the proportion of women was 42%, and from the 1,861 patients in the explanatory analysis it was 44%. The endpoint incidence was significantly higher in men than in women. The endpoint reduction was statistically significant only in the intention-to-treat analysis with total endpoints. However, there was a marked percentage reduction of endpoints in both men and women in explanatory analysis. The risk reduction of strokes was 49% for men and 41% for women, and the reduction of total endpoints was 39% in men and 30% in women. Thus, antiplatelet therapy is effective in the prevention of stroke or death in both sexes.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1991

Use of quality control standards in clinical flow cytometry.

Flow cytometry is important in the clinical laboratory, especially in hematology and cancer diagnosis. With newer applications being continuously developed clinicians who will use the results and laboratory staff who produce them should be aware of the instrumental quality control procedures required. This will allow evaluation of the reliability as well as the comparison of results between different laboratories. While information about sample preparation as well as staining procedures is easily available, information about instrumental quality control procedures is less so. Various standards and controls are available commercially and their correct choice and usage requires an understanding of the methodology of instrumental quality control. Methods to evaluate the precision, sensitivity and accuracy of measurements are discussed. Most laboratories report immunophenotyping data as the percentage of antibody positive cells and make no attempt to quantitate the amount of antibody binding per cell. Methods for quantitating the number of bound antibody molecules per cell along with a simple technique to compare results between laboratories are discussed. These techniques should encourage laboratory staff and clinicians to standardise methodology and to exchange patient data between laboratories.

Flow Cytometry↗
PubMed1989

Effect of drugs on histamine radio-enzyme assay.

The effect of over 200 drugs and other compounds on histamine radio-enzyme assay was studied. Some muscle relaxants (e.g. alcuronium), some sympathomimetics (e.g. dopamine, isoxsuprine, tyramine and possibly phenylethylamine), antimalarial drugs, procaine, procainamide, Berenil and serotonin were potent compounds to interfere with this assay. In some special cases still potentially inhibitory drugs seemed to be some muscle relaxants (e.g. vecuronium, pancuronium and tubocurarine), antidepressants, antihistamines (e.g. cimetidine, ranitidine and diphenhydramine), chinidin, disopyramide, tolazoline and salazosulfapyridine.

Histamine↗
PubMed1989

Effect of handling of plasma samples on histamine radio-enzyme assay.

1. Freeze-thawing of plasma samples increased the histamine level at physiological histamine concentrations as analyzed by radio-enzyme assay, but not by high performance liquid chromatography. 2. Heating of plasma samples decreased the histamine levels. 3. Enzymatic or non-enzymatic formation of histamine during handling of plasma samples was not detected. 4. Some albumin preparations contain histamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of human mast cell tryptase on human plasma proenzymes.

The effect of human skin mast cell tryptase on human plasma proenzymes (prothrombin, coagulation factor XII, complement C1s, protein C and plasminogen) was investigated. Tryptase had no effect on these proenzymes, when incubated with them at 37 degrees C for up to 90 min, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the ability to hydrolyze specific peptide p-nitroanilide substrates. After prolonged treatment with tryptase, proenzymes could be fully activated with their specific activators. The results indicate that tryptase neither activates these plasma proenzymes nor inactivates the corresponding active enzymes. As a positive control, the tryptase preparation was also incubated with human fibrinogen and rat thymus histones. Prolonged treatment with tryptase increased the thrombin-induced clotting time of fibrinogen. Tryptase also efficiently hydrolyzed histone H1 from rat thymus. Histones H3/H2B and H2A were hydrolyzed less efficiently than H1, and no hydrolysis of histone H4 by tryptase was detected under the experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dose-response relationships in blood lipids during moderate freshwater fish diet.

Fish and fish oils are known to counteract coronary heart disease risk factors. We have previously showed that eating moderate amounts of freshwater fish modifies lipid and prostanoid metabolism in healthy students. In this study, the dose response relationship was clarified. One hundred male students took part and were randomly divided into control and four fish diet groups with different fish diets. Hematological, serum lipid and vitamin E and A analyses were performed. Already 1.5 fish containing meals per week increased n-3 to n-6 ratio of fatty acids in erythrocyte ghost phosphatidylethanolamine. The serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein B concentration fell significantly in the group eating 3.8 fish containing meals a week for 12 weeks. At two lower doses (1.5 and 2.3 meals/week) the tendency to lower values was already seen. No significant changes were observed in the serum cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and vitamin E and A concentrations. The hematological variables also remained unchanged. The results show that moderate amounts of fish as a constituent of normal diet have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma haemoglobin determination using chlorpromazine as a non-carcinogenic reagent.

Plasma haemoglobin was assayed with the non-carcinogenic reagent phenothiazine. This method is sensitive and allows the measurement of plasma haemoglobin concentrations in the range 4-500 mg/l with a within-run CV of 2.1%, and a between-run CV of 4.3%. A spectrophotometric scanning method (x) based on the determination of haemoglobin as haemiglobin cyanide using the Soret band at 419 nm correlated well with the phenothiazine method (y): y = 1.07x + 15.8, r = 0.995, n = 31. It was found that the absorbances in the phenothiazine method were markedly dependent on the concentration of phosphoric acid.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of branched-chain alpha-keto-acids and lipids in sera of hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

According to the present study, in hyperlipidemias where triglyceride values in serum are raised, the triglyceride values are associated with increased amounts of branched-chain alpha-keto-acids (BCKA) in the serum. In particular, the concentration of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KICA), which in the control sera was 34.4 mumol/l, was in type IIB hyperlipidemia 40.4% and in type IV 49.4% higher than in controls with normal serum lipid values. In type IV hyperlipidemia, values for alpha-ketoisovaleric acid (KIVA) and alpha-keto-beta-methyl-n-valeric acid (KMVA) were also high when compared to the corresponding mean values of the controls, 7.1 and 18.8 mumol/l. The respective differences were 57.7 and 44.1 per cent. In type IIB hyperlipidemia, KIVA was significantly and KMVA insignificantly increased compared to the control group. In type IIA hyperlipidemia with normal triglyceride values, none of the three BCKA differed significantly from the controls. These results also indicate that the increased amounts of individual BCKA somehow depend on the concentration of triglycerides in serum, while no relationship was found between BCKA values and cholesterol concentration.

Cholesterol↗