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Biomedical subjects

I M Roslyĭ

Publications and source records attributed to I M Roslyĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Enzymemia: an adaptive mechanism of a marker of cytolysis?].

The data available in the literature and the authors' own findings on possible causes, mechanisms, and modes of enzyme appearance in the blood are analyzed. Blood enzymes has been ascertained to play a major role in maintaining the body's metabolism. Clinical and experimental findings make it possible to conclude that it is biologically expedient for enzymemia to develop both in pathology and that blood enzymes are in the normal range.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical and instrumental diagnosis of cardiac affection in patients with toxic diphtheria].

AIM: To specify myocardial affection in adult patients with toxic diphtheria (TD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Along with routine clinical examination 150 patients with toxic diphtheria underwent ECG, echo-CG and biochemical tests. 22, 81, 26, 14 and 7 patients had subtoxic TD, toxic form of the first degree, second degree, third degree and hemorrhagic TD, respectively. RESULTS: Myocardial impairment in TD develops very early, but is diagnosed in different time depending on the diagnostic technique. Early signs of myocardial involvement are activation of cardiospecific enzymes and echo-CG changes. Poor myocardial prognosis in TD is predetermined by progressive cardiac failure (primarily right ventricular), marked conduction disorders, diminished contractility, hyper- or hypoactivity of cardiospecific enzymes. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of myocardial affection variants in TD enables the clinician not only to predict the disease course but to conduct more adequate therapy resultant in less numerous lethal outcomes of toxic TD.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Clinico-laboratory characteristics of acute viral hepatitis C in parenteral drug addicts].

AIM: To study clinical and laboratory manifestations of acute viral hepatitis C in parenteral drug addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute viral hepatitis C (AVHC) was diagnosed in 114 patients included in the trial by serological evidence and virus RNA determination at polymerase chain reaction. Among the examinees there were 63 addicts and 51 non-addicts. RESULTS: In addicts, AVHC manifests with pain in the liver, anorexia, moderate intoxication, hepatomegalia, abstinence syndrome. At admission most the addicts had a moderate rise in bilirubin concentration with prolonged normalization. 25% of the addicts had ALT < 1400 micromol/l/h, its lowering was slow. In convalescence, the addicts' liver long remained enlarged, concentrations of ALT, alkaline phosphatase, GGT remained high. CONCLUSION: VHC runs a moderate course in parenteral drug addicts, shows polymorphic symptomatology, hepatomegalia, high blood levels of ALT. Convalescence is long, hepatic functions recover slowly.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Functional heterogeneity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes population in peripheral blood of patients with acute dysentery].

AIM: To study chemiluminescence (CL) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNL) in peripheral blood of patients with acute mild and moderate dysentery caused by Shig. Flexneri in response to Re- and S-chemotype lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Sh. Flexneri and agonists fMLP, PMA and OZ. RESULTS: PMNL population proved functionally heterogeneic, correlating with acute dysentery severity. Subgroups of PMNL varied by CL amplitude, reserve ability to additional stimulation. LPS rather modulated CL of PMNL than stimulated it. CL intensity depended on LPS structure and concentration. Mild acute dysentery was characterized by pool of primed PMNL which had higher functional reserves. CONCLUSION: CL analysis can be used for raising accuracy of dysentery prognosis and severity, assessment of implications of functional state of neutrophil granulocytes for support of antiendotoxin immunity in acute dysentery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[The etiological structure and characteristics of liver involvement in patients with HIV infection].

Hepatic lesions were analyzed in 33 patients with HIV-infection. The patients were divided into two groups by the disease stage: early (stage IIB, IIIA, n = 12) and late (stage IIIB and IIIC, n = 21). Markers of hepatitis A, B and C were found in 42.4% of patients. Patients of group 1 had acute and chronic viral hepatitides (75%), hepatic alcoholic damage. Patients of group 2 developed combined hepatic lesions resultant from generalized bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections (66.7%), chronic hepatitides and viral cirrhoses (33.3%), alcohol abuse (33.3%). Elevated levels of the enzymes (AsAT, AlAT, LDG) at early stages of HIV-infection were brought about by hepatic involvement while at late stages by polyorganic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The enzyme activity and pyruvate, lactate and 2,3-DPG levels in the erythrocytes of patients with severe forms of meningococcal infection and suppurative meningitis].

Red cell metabolism (RCM) was examined in 63 patients with severe and complicated meningococcal infection and purulent meningitis of another etiology. There were complex pathobiochemical shifts with changes in glycolysis (in activity of lactate dehydrogenase, piruvatkinase, in the amount of piruvate, lactate and 2,3-DPG), antioxidant status (in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase), Mg+2, Na+, K(+)-dependent ATPase. Primary depression of red cell metabolism changed for compensatory activation for hypoxia adaptation in clinical improvement. RCM disturbance coincided with emergence of early complications and reached maximum in lethal outcome. Pathogenetic and clinical implications of RCM in meningococcal infection and purulent meningitis are described.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1996

[Mechanism of action of electromagnetic fields biologically adequate to man].

The paper analyzes 10-year experience in making experimental observations and clinically using electromagnetic fields (EMF) biologically adequate to man. Basic investigations of the electromechanical process that lead to the occurrence of currents in the bone tissue and blood vascular walls in their functional deformation were conducted. They showed that the piezoelectric effect is the most marked in the intact bone tissue. Experimental studies determined the amplitude and shape of impulses of currents emerging in the intact bone tissue of the extremities and in the walls of blood vessels during pulse blood filling. The bioelectric tissue metabolism changes in various human locomotor abnormalities. The lost part in the diseased area can be restored by means of external EMF. On this basis, devices for human biologically adequate electromagnetic therapy were designed. The efficiency of each session of electromagnetic therapy was evaluated from the normalization of blood circulation in the diseased area. The efficiency of this therapy in vascular disease was noted to depend on the synchronization of the generated electromagnetic pulse with the pulse wave of a patient and its phases. An experiment on 13 intact mongrel dogs was made to reveal the impact of EMF biologically adequate to man on bone marrow hemopoiesis. EMF 2 was found to have a stimulating effect on granulocytopoiesis. Platelet counts were elevated in the peripheral blood of animals. Analysing 2000 clinical cases and canine experimental findings provided evidence for the following mechanism of action of the electromagnetic fields biologically adequate to man. The fields exert a primary initial and virtually rapid action on the active areas of nerve structures and smooth muscle of blood vascular walls. They show a primary, but slower action on blood cells and on the vascular endothelial structure. There may be a secondary impact of EMF on some endocrine glands, which causes changes in the protein metabolism of a biological object and appears as stimulation of granulocytopoiesis and depot platelet release into the peripheral blood stream.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism in severe forms of meningococcal infection and suppurative meningitis in children].

In 63 children with severe meningococcal infection (MI) and meningitides of another origin red cell metabolism was studied: levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, ATP/ADP, ATP/AMP, energetic charge, 2,3-DPG, FAD, piruvate, lactate, activity of lactate dehydrogenase, piruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutatione reductase, Mg2+, Na+, K(+)-dependent ATPase. All the disease periods were characterized by combined pathobiochemical shifts of different degree typical for varying metabolic systems and correlating with the infection severity. The discussion covers pathogenetic and clinical significance of red cell metabolism shifts in patients with MI and purulent meningitides.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection].

Within 1987-1995 the authors observed 16 cases of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients which accounted for 26.7% of AIDS patients treated by them. 14 cases were diagnosed intravitally, 2 postmortem. Infiltrative, generalized, cavernous, intrathoracic lymph node, intraabdominal lymph node tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy were identified in 5, 6, 2, 1, 1 and 1 patients, respectively. 6 patients from the above are still alive and are receiving treatment (5 of them with infiltrative tuberculosis), 10 died. Tuberculosis course and outcomes in HIV-infected subjects depended on the stage of their immunodeficiency. In moderate immunodeficiency (CD4-lymphocyte > 200/mm3) tuberculosis ran, as a rule, as local and infiltrative, sensitive to specific therapy. In severe damage to immune system (CD4 < 100/mm3) tuberculosis acquired a generalized course, sometimes fulminant, resistant to treatment. It is inferred that HIV-infected subjects with immunodeficiency need tuberculosis prophylaxis with isoniazide or rifampicin.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[The clinical manifestations of HIV infection during seroconversion].

21 seroconversion HIV-infected subjects have been examined. 16 of them presented with acute symptoms. The disease in the period of seroconversion manifested with fever, weakness, headache, pain in the throat, enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, polymorphous eruption. Typical mononucleosis-like syndrome occurred in 3 patients only. Half of the patients had subclinical disease, no eruption was seen. Because of clinical indications only 8 of 21 patients were examined for HIV infection. One-third of the patients in seroconversion had moderate thrombocytopenia, probably of autoimmune nature. Autoimmune disorder of the thyroid was registered in 1 patient. The diagnosis of acute HIV infection is not easy in view of rare occurrence of immunodeficiency typical for this infection. Candidiasis of the mucosa was seen in 37.5%, low levels of CD4-lymphocytes in 66.7% of the cases.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

[The prognostic significance of the clinical manifestations of HIV infection during seroconversion].

For the period 1990-1993, HIV infection in seroconversion was diagnosed in Russia in 21 cases. Of them, 16 patients had acute symptoms. Follow-up results are available for 12 patients in seroconversion who had either typical or obscure symptoms (6 and 6 patients, respectively). It is found that the disease progresses more rapidly in patients with the history of acute HIV infection in seroconversion manifesting with clear-cut typical symptoms of 4-week duration, at least. One patient from this group 3 years and 7 months after seroconversion developed Kaposi's sarcoma and candidiasis esophagitis which indicates the occurrence of AIDS stage IIIB.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[The dynamics of the liver and myocardial enzymes in different forms of diphtheria in adults].

The authors studied changes in the levels of hepatic and myocardial enzymes in 89 patients with oropharyngeal diphtheria. The forms of the disease were different: carriage of the bacteria, local oropharyngeal diphtheria, toxic and subtoxic disease. Biochemical tests were also performed in 21 patients with lacunar angina. A correlation has been revealed between the intensity of fermentemia, its standing and the severity of the local lesions. Possible usage of biochemical markers is discussed for characterizing toxic diphtheria severity and prognosis of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Functional activity of leukocytes and enzyme indicators in acute intestinal infections].

To assess functional activity of leukocytes, lipid peroxidation and enzymes indicating the severity of organ lesion in food poisoning and acute dysentery, the investigators employed the techniques of luminol- and biacridine-activated chemiluminescence of pure granulocyte population and whole blood, plasma chemiluminescence, assays of AAT, AsAT, AP, LDG. A relationship was established between chemiluminescence of leukocytes and whole blood, between leukocytic functional activity and the disease duration and severity. Indomethacin treatment of the patients reduced intoxication, did not affect leukocytic function, diminished plasma chemiluminescence. Functional activity of leukocytes and the enzymes levels were prognostically significant. Low response of leukocytes to the stimulus, i.e. a small rise of functional activity, served an unfavourable prognostic sign. A role of active oxygen forms produced by leukocytes is suggested in pathogenesis of alimentary toxo-infection.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

[Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (normal values, function tests and results)].

During an examination of 60 healthy subjects (from 5 to 75 years) and 195 patients with cerebrovascular diseases, the authors have established the age-associated values of blood velocity in the basal cerebral arteries and specified the role of the compression tests in evaluating collateral cerebral circulation. The data obtained permitted one to assess the diagnostic potentialities of transcranial dopplerosonography in cerebrovascular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid in the evaluation of possible mechanism of brain lesions in suppurative meningitis of meningococcal and pneumococcal etiologies].

The enzymological parameters of the CSF were studied and compared in patients with purulent meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis in addition to the detection of the CSF levels characteristic of the dead patients. The level of enzymorachia was shown to depend on the degree of leukocyte degradation as well as on the lipid peroxidation intensity in the CSF. These data were obtained on the basis of measuring the content of cerebral and leukocytic enzymes in the acute period and on days 7-10 of the disease. It has been also noted that evident signs of meningoencephalitis are detectable even on days 7-10 according to the enzymic levels. As compared to pneumococcal infection, the lysis of leukocytes in patients with meningococcal infection turned out more noticeable, being maximal in the dead.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[The chemiluminescence of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes in food poisoning].

Luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) induced by zymosan, opsonized autoserum was used to study the oxygen-dependent bactericidal system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) in patients with food toxico-infections, at different disease periods. Different modifications of CL were established to have analogous dynamics on days 1 and 2 of the disease and differences as to the period of convalescence. A correlation was revealed between the amplitude of CL and the intensity of the intoxication syndrome. The conclusion is made about the role played by granulocytes in the disease pathogenesis. The authors review potential mechanisms of participation of PNL free radicals in the pathophysiological shifts responsible for the development, course and outcome of food toxico-infections.

Acridines↗
PubMed1990

[Caused of intensified lipid peroxidation in the blood of patients with viral hepatitis B].

The tissue oxygen concentration, the serum antioxidant system state and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were studied in patients with hepatitis B. The good correlations were studied in patients with hepatitis B. The good correlations between MDA concentration in patients serum and the oxygen concentration in tissues (R-0.79), and the cytoplasmic enzymes activity (R-0.75 for lactate dehydrogenase; R-0.75 for alanine transferase) were found. On the other hand, it was shown an antioxidant activity decrease of ceruloplasmin-transferrin system in patients serum. It is proposed, that the tissue hypoxia and the decrease of the serum antioxidant activity are the general factors leading to the MDA accumulation in the serum of patients with hepatitis B.

Adolescent↗