[The vaiability of the cell generation time of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in reference to ploidy, heterozygosity and environment].
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Agar↗
Biomedical subjects
I Müller
Publications and source records attributed to I Müller.
Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in military personnel by urine testing.
In order to determine the infection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis in young males in Austria an epidemiological study was performed on 335 male Austrian soldiers attending the military hospital for a health check-up procedure. Three hundred twenty-nine (98.2%) of the screened males were clinically asymptomatic. Chlamydial diagnosis was established by testing first catch urine (FCU). Urine sediment was tested by an enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) and by a direct immunofluorescent test (DIF test). Positive results in both tests were defined "true positives." In 41 (12.2%) of all the 335 soldiers a genital chlamydial infection could be demonstrated by a positive result of the sediment of the FCU in both tests. 93% of the positive results in the DIF test could be confirmed by the EIA whereas only 77% of the positive EIA tests were also positive in the DIF test. Data on genital symptoms and the history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as well as information about sexual relationships were available from all persons included in the study and did not differ between chlamydia positive and negative ones. The study demonstrates a high infection rate with C. trachomatis in mostly asymptomatic young males when using FCU for chlamydial diagnosis. Due to the discrepancy between the EIA and the DIF test, positive results of the sediment of FCU in the EIA test should be confirmed by the DIF test to eliminate false positive cases.
Adult↗
Associations of peak shifts in age--prevalence for human malarias with bednet coverage.
Effects of bednet coverage (C) on prevalence of malaria were analysed using data from 1990-92 from 9 Papua New Guinean villages. Effects of coverage varied by age, resulting in a shift in age of peak prevalence from 4.7 (C = 0%) to 11.6 (C = 100%) years for Plasmodium falciparum, from 3.4 to 4.9 years for P. vivax and from 11.0 to 16.8 years for P. malariae. In small areas with no bednets the age distribution of P. falciparum parasitaemia was like that of a holoendemic area. Where coverage was complete the pattern corresponded to mesoendemicity. Thus, protracted use of bednets can result in profound changes in the endemicity of malaria even when coverage is incomplete and without insecticide treatment. Average entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) estimated from indoor landing rates on individuals without bednets were 35, 12 and 10 infectious bites per person per annum for P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae, respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the EIR estimate for P. falciparum was related to prevalence of this species independently of effects of bednet coverage. However, the recent EIR still accounted for much less variation than did the bednets. A similar pattern was seen for P. malariae, while there were no significant relationships between the recent EIR and the parasite positivity for P. vivax. It is concluded that short-term variations in inoculation rate are not important determinants of parasite prevalence in this population.
Adolescent↗
[2 benign bone lesions in a tubular bone: misinterpretation of clinical and radiological findings].
INTRODUCTION: Bone lesions are common at puberty. Most of them are detected by chance at examination for other reasons. The nonossifying fibroma does not produce any clinical symptoms and normally is diagnosed by chance. A spontaneous healing is discussed. The osteoid osteoma is characterized by its nocturnal pain and relief of pain at therapy with salicylates. Operative procedures are indicated for healing. CASE: A 12-year-old girl presented with radiological signs of a nonossifying fibroma. Because of local radionuclid uptake and clinical symptoms an operative procedure was carried out. Postoperative remaining pain resulted in radiological detection of a nearby osteoid osteoma and local operative therapy. CONCLUSION: Two benign bone lesions at one tubular bone are an extremely rare situation. The clinical symptoms and the radionuclid uptake are misinterpretated and falsely assigned to the nonossifying fibroma. All clinical symptoms and radiological signs have to be correlate correctly with the diagnosis and consecutive therapy in order to avoid a misinterpretation of obvious clear radiological results.
Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
A comparison between three graft manipulation methods for haploidentical stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients: preliminary results of a pilot study.
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from mismatched related donors makes a potential donor available for every child in need of stem cell transplantation. Here, we compare three different graft manipulation methods in patients with leukemias and lymphomas: positive selection of stem cells with either CD34 (n = 39) or CD133-coated magnetic microbeads (n = 14) and a new strategy which depletes T- and B-cells through the use of CD3- and CD19-coated microbeads (n = 11). Median purity of stem cells was comparable after CD34 (+)-selection and CD133 (+)-selection, whereas stem cells were only slightly enriched after CD3 (+)/CD19 (+)-depletion (97.5 %, 93.4 % and 1.02 %). Indirect depletion of T-cells by positive selection resulted in 1 x 10 (4) (median) residual CD3 (+)-cells/kg (0.7-3 x 10 (4)). Patients with CD3/CD19-depleted grafts received 3.2 x 10 (4) (median) (0.7-16 x 10 (4)) residual T-cells/kg. Those grafts also comprised NK-cells (median number: 86 x 10 (6)/kg), dendritic cells and monocytes/granulocytes. Primary engraftment of the stem cell products was comparable after CD34- and CD133-selection (85 and 72 %). In the CD3/CD19 group, 91 % had a primary engraftment. After reconditioning, all patients (64/64) were finally engrafted. Patients with CD34-selected or CD133-selected grafts had similar incidences of a GvHD II-IV (3 and 7 %), whereas a GvHD was slightly increased in patients receiving CD3/CD19-depleted cells (27 %). Reconstitution of CD3 (+) T-cells was faster in the CD3/CD19 group than in the CD34 or CD133 group. These preliminary results indicate, that CD3/CD19-selected grafts may be advantageous regarding engraftment and immunoreconstitution. Since effector cell with potential antileukemic activity are cotransfused, such grafts may be suited in particular for patients with insufficient remission.
AC133 Antigen↗
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation in patients with pediatric solid tumors: preliminary results of a pilot study and analysis of graft versus tumor effects.
Pediatric patients with relapsed metastatic tumors have a poor prognosis and new treatment strategies are warranted. We present preliminary results of a pilot study, evaluating the feasibility and toxicity of transplantation of haploidentical T and B cell depleted grafts with high numbers of NK cells. 6 patients with relapsed metastatic neuroblastomas (n = 4), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 1) or Ewing's sarcoma (n = 1) after previous autologous transplantation received CD3/CD19 depleted grafts from mismatched family donors with a median number of 16 x 10 (6)/kg stem cells, 167 x 10 (6)/kg Natural Killer cells and only 5.4 x 10 (4)/kg residual T cells. A melphalan-based, reduced intensity conditioning was used. Despite pretransplant chemotherapy, patients entered transplantation with significant tumor burden. Primary engraftment occurred in 6/6 patients. One patient had secondary graft failure. Hematopoietic recovery was rapid (ANC > 0.5 x 10 (9)/L: 11 days (9-12); independence from platelet substitution: 8 days (7-11)). Four patients had acute GvHD grade II, limited chronic GvHD was observed in 2 patients. No transplant-related mortality and only low toxicity occurred. Four patients died from progression, two patients are alive. Overall median survival time is 6 months (2-11) to date. Analysis of posttransplant NK cell function revealed stable cytotoxic activity against K562 targets, whereas activity against neuroblastoma targets was low. Stimulation with cytokines and use of appropriate antibodies clearly enhanced specific lysis in vitro. In summary, these preliminary results indicate the feasibility and low toxicity even in intensively pre-treated patients with neuroblastomas/sarcomas. This approach may form the basis for posttransplant immunomodulation and other therapeutic strategies. Further experience is warranted to evaluate the method.
Acute Disease↗
Regional patterns of birthweights in Papua New Guinea in relation to diet, environment and socio-economic factors.
Regional differences in mean birthweight in rural Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the importance of differences in family diet and maternal education and socio-economic status on such patterns were explored using birthweight data collected by the 1982/83 PNG National Nutrition Survey. A total of 6137 birthweight measurements from 85 PNG districts were available, representing 22% of all children included in the survey. The nature of possible selection biases are assessed and their implications discussed. Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models based on conditional autoregressive (CAR) priors were used to model spatial patterns in birthweights and their relation to different sets of covariates. Birthweights were found to exhibit striking geographical differences. Children from the central PNG highlands and from affluent lowland areas had the highest birthweights, while they were lowest in the (largely lowland) Sepik, Western, Madang and Milne Bay Provinces and in remote highland fringe areas. Maternal education, socio-economic status and diet were all important predictors, but only differences in family diet were correlated with the observed spatial patterns. The results of the present study highlight the importance of nutrition and socio-economic status in explaining differences in birthweights in PNG. Besides improving maternal health, interventions for improving birthweights in PNG should therefore aim at strengthening the economic base of rural populations and promote the cultivation and consumption of high quality foods.
Birth Weight↗
Factors influencing Leishmania major infection in IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice.
The outcome of Leishmania major infection in IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice has been a controversial subject. We have shown that IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major developed progressive lesions and could not contain the replication of the parasites, whereas other studies have reported that IL-4-deficient mice were able to resist infection. Therefore, we examined different factors that can influence the course of Leishmania major infection. We tested different lines of IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice and show that the reported differences in the outcome of infection were not due to the different genetic origin of the embryonic stem cells used to disrupt the IL-4 gene. In addition, we infected IL-4-deficient mice with different isolates of L. major parasites and show that none of the parasite strains tested were cleared, although some of them caused milder pathology. Interestingly, this milder pathology was paralleled by a reduced arginase activity of the parasites. We also tested the influence of age on the course of Leishmania major infection in IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice and show that older mice express a transient resistance. Thus, we conclude that differences in the age of the mice and in the arginase activity of the different isolates of parasites are factors that can influence the non-healing phenotype of IL-4-/- BALB/c mice.
Aging↗
Trichophyton rubrum as the causative agent of tinea capitis in three children.
Tinea capitis, which is caused by Trichophyton rubrum, is only rarely described in medical literature. Incidence of this disease appears to lie well below 1% in Europe. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton tonsurans are the predominant causative agents discussed here. In April 1993 T. rubrum was isolated from typical pathological changes to the capillitium area in three children from a Nigerian family, who had been living in Germany for 3 years. All three children revealed multiple, round or irregularly formed, partially infiltrated, partially pustular, hairless areas measuring up to 2 cm in diameter and covered with tightly clinging scales. The children's parents did not suffer from any dermatological complaints. The oldest child had had these pathological changes for about 5 months, the other two for a shorter length of time. Therapy with 10 mg kg(-1) body weight of griseofulvin led to rapid recovery over a period of 4 weeks.
Child, Preschool↗
Ceftriaxone for the treatment of febrile episodes in nonneutropenic patients with hematooncological disease or HIV infection: comparison of outpatient and inpatient care.
BACKGROUND: Patients with hematooncological disease or HIV infection and febrile episodes are usually treated in hospital with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this observational study was to assess the feasibility of ambulatory parenteral antibiotic therapy in hematooncological or HIV-infected patients with confirmed or suspected infection. METHODS: The results in an outpatient treatment group were compared with those obtained in a group initially treated in hospital. Data were gathered on 90 outpatients and 72 inpatients. The inclusion criteria were fever > or =37.5 degrees C with an identified focus of infection, fever > or =38.0 degrees C of suspected bacterial origin with no identified focus of infection, leukocytosis > or =9,000/microl or C-reactive protein elevation > or =10 mg/l. RESULTS: Eighty outpatients and 69 inpatients were evaluable. Treatment in the outpatient group was begun with ceftriaxone. This led to defervescence in 87.5% of cases. The mean treatment duration was 7.1 days. Comparison of results in the outpatients with those initially hospitalized for treatment showed similar success rates. The mean hospital stay in the latter group was 12.9 days. CONCLUSIONS: Ceftriaxone represents an effective treatment for outpatient management of febrile episodes in patients with hematooncological disease or HIV infection. Outpatient treatment is more cost-effective than inpatient care.
Adolescent↗
[Animal experimental studies on subtotal ureter replacement using a bladder flap].
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Animals↗