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Biomedical subjects

I Mackenzie

Publications and source records attributed to I Mackenzie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Comparison of rubber band ligation and sclerosant injection for first and second degree haemorrhoids-- a prospective clinical trial.

Fifty patients with first or mild second degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to sclerosant injection (26) or rubber band ligation (24). One year after treatment 24 injection and 22 rubber band ligation patients were assessed. All patients presented with rectal bleeding; injection relieved 14 and rubber band ligation relieved 17 of this symptom (N.S.). Three of seven patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids who had sclerosant injections and five of seven who had rubber band ligation were relieved of this prolapse. However, a further six patients in the injection group developed prolapse for the first time during the one year follow-up period (p less than 0.05). Rubber band ligation relieved anal pain in 10 out of 14 patients whereas injection relieved only one patient of this symptom (p less than 0.05). Neither treatment influenced pruritus ani or faecal soiling. Although rubber band ligation caused more treatment discomfort, it is an effective management for first and mild second degree haemorrhoids and it should be considered as the procedure of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evidence against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide being the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory transmitter released from nerves supplying the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), located within intrinsic neurones of the guinea-pig taenia coli, has been proposed as a neurotransmitter which may mediate certain non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic effects within the gastrointestinal tract. The relaxation of the taenia coli produced by exogenous VIP has a longer latency and time to maximum than the relaxation which is obtained during electrical stimulation of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves. The responses to exogenous VIP (0.03-1 microM) were abolished by the proteolytic enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin (1 U/ml), whereas there were no statistically significant changes in the inhibitory responses to intramural nerve stimulation (0.1-5 Hz) or exogenous ATP (0.03-100 microM), which closely mimics the nerve-mediated response. Apamin is a neurotoxin which prevents the increase in K+ conductance associated with the inhibitory junction potential produced by stimulation of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves. In the presence of apamin (0.005-1 microM) the responses to intramural nerve stimulation and exogenous ATP were significantly antagonised, and often converted to contractile responses. The VIP-induced relaxations during apamin treatment were not significantly decreased. These results suggest that VIP is unlikely to be the transmitter released from the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves of the guinea-pig taenia coli, and are consistent with the view that these nerves are purinergic in nature.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of rubber band ligation and haemorrhoidectomy for second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial.

One hundred patients with second- or third-degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to haemorrhoidectomy (50) or rubber band ligation (50). Forty-two in each group presented with rectal bleeding; haemorrhoidectomy relieved 36 and rubber band ligation relieved 31 of this symptom. All patients had prolapsing haemorrhoids at presentation. One year after treatment 45 haemorrhoidectomy and 43 rubber band ligation patients were assessed. Haemorrhoidectomy relieved 44 of 45 patients and rubber band ligation relieved 34 of 43 (P < 0.05). Haemorrhoidectomy caused pain in all cases, lasting for more than 48 h in 35. Rubber band ligation was painless in 5 and produced pain for more than 48 h in 15. Mean time off work was 32 days for haemorrhoidectomy and 3 days for rubber band ligation (P < 0.001). Rubber band ligation as an outpatient procedure is an effective treatment for second- and third-degree haemorrhoids and should be considered before recourse to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of actin in oral epithelial cells.

Two human sera with antibodies against smooth muscle were used to investigate the distribution of actin in moving oral epithelial cells by immunocytochemical methods. Epithelial outgrowths from explants of rat and human oral mucosa showed a constant positive staining in the peripheral parts of the marginal cells but not in the more central parts of the epithelial sheet. This is in agreement with theories of the importance of the marginal cells in the migratory behavior of the epithelial outgrowth. Subcultured epithelial cells from the human explants showed positive staining of fine fibers in the cytoplasm. During healing of experimental oral wounds from humans and monkeys actin fibers could be demonstrated in only one of 18 cases in the epithelial cells adjacent to the wound, though positive staining of various cells was seen in the underlying tissue. This is in contrast to the evidence presented in previous studies of cells taking part in the re-epithelialization process.

Actins↗
PubMed1978

Long term cimetidine in the management of severe duodenal ulcer dyspepsia.

Sixty patients who had been referred for elective ulcer surgery, and in whom a remission had been induced, entered a prospective double blind controlled trial of a single daily dose of 400 mg of cimetidine given at bedtime, or placebo. Eighty per cent of patients receiving placebo suffered symptomatic relapse and recurrence of duodenal ulceration at endoscopy within 6 months. The mean interval to relapse was 10 weeks. On the other hand, only 27 percent of patients had a recurrence during the 6-month period on low dose cimetidine therapy. No significant toxic or other side effects which could be attributed to the drug were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Structural deterioration in Celestin tubes.

Two cases are described where, after 2 years, a nylon-latex Celestin tube which was left in situ to bypass a benign stricture underwent structural deterioration and produced complications requiring tube replacement. It is recommended that an alternative endo-oesophageal tube should be considered where a lifespan of this order is contemplated.

Esophageal Stenosis↗
PubMed1976

Selective loss of blood group antigens during wound healing.

Frozen sections of healing wounds of the oral mucosa of 3 rhesus monkeys were examined by a double layer immunofluorescent technic for the presence of blood B-like antigens. Antigen activity was present in normal epithelium and in the epithelial outgrowth into the wounds but was absent from the outgrowth following treatment with lipid solvents. This finding suggests that glycoprotein but not glycolipid associated antigen is lost from the surface of epithelial cells during wound healing, a pattern of selective loss which may reflect a difference between regenerative and neoplastic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Condylotomy. A clinical and experimental appraisal of a surgical technique.

211 cases of temporomandibular joint pain/dysfunction syndrome treated by condylotomy were traced. 172 operations were investigated by questionnaire and 119 patients examined clinically and radiographically. Operated patients constituted less than 3% of all patients with the syndrome. 91% were cured or improved by surgery. The anatomical structure involved in the technique and operative complications, are discussed. Principal effects of surgery were to produce an increase in radiographic joint space and shortening of the ramus with minimal long term change in the position of the condylar head from its postoperative position. The clinical findings as regards remodelling were confirmed and investigated histologically in a primate model. The mechanisms of pain production in the temporomandibular joint pain/dysfunction syndrome are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparative trials of live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines.

Comparative clinical trials of live attenuated and detergent-split subunit influenza virus vaccines were undertaken with 1048 volunteers in Western Australia. Volunteers were divided into three main groups, each of which received either live virus vaccine or a saline control administered intranasally, or subunit vaccine injected subcutaneously. No differences were recorded between the three groups in their post-vaccination symptoms. Serum samples were collected at various times up to 50 weeks after vaccination, and antibody titres were measured by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests and, for 231 volunteers, by virus neutralization tests. The two vaccines were almost equivalent in inducing seroconversion in vaccinees with pre-trial HI titres of 96 or less, but the subunit vaccine stimulated a higher geometric mean HI antibody titre. The longevity of the HI antibody response was greater for the live virus vaccine. The height of the response and the longevity of neutralizing antibody were the same for both vaccines. Both vaccines provided a high degree of protection against epidemic A/England/42/72 influenza, and some protection against A/Port Chalmers/1/73 influenza.

Adolescent↗