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Biomedical subjects

I Mackie

Publications and source records attributed to I Mackie.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

The in-vitro and ex-vivo effects of chloroquine sulphate on platelet function: implications for malaria prophylaxis in patients with impaired haemostasis.

Platelet aggregation responses were studied in platelet-rich plasma from six healthy volunteers before and 2 and 6 h after ingestion of 600 mg chloroquine sulphate. Apart from a mild reduction in height of aggregation response to 1 microgram ml-1 collagen 2 h post-drug ingestion (mean percentage of pre-drug values +/- s.e.m. = 87.8% +/- 4.0%; P = 0.04), no significant differences were observed in platelet responses to ADP (1 and 5 microM) or collagen (1 and 4 micrograms ml-1) at 2 or 6 h post-chloroquine compared to the pre-drug values. In vitro, drug concentrations approximately 1000 times greater than those used therapeutically were required for 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to 5 microM ADP, 1 microgram ml-1 collagen and 4 micrograms ml-1 collagen (IC50 concentrations +/- s.e.m. for inhibition of aggregation = 98.5 +/- 3.7, 53.5 +/- 56.4 and 113.0 +/- 6.2 mg l-1 respectively; IC50s +/- s.e.m. for inhibition of ATP release = 0.9 +/- 0.2, 14.7 +/- 4.0 and 23.0 +/- 5.3 mg l-1 respectively). These data provide no cause for concern in using chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis in patients with impaired haemostasis.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Drowning and near-drowning on Australian beaches patrolled by life-savers: a 10-year study, 1973-1983.

Resuscitation report-forms of the Surf Life-Saving Association of Australia, for the period 1973-1983, were analysed. During this period there were 262 immersion victims at beaches that were patrolled by life-savers. Of these, 162 victims survived, some of whom received expired-air resuscitation (n = 61) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 29). Among those who drowned, none was younger than five years of age. Vomiting and regurgitation were major problems during resuscitation. Respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrest occurred after apparently-successful rescue; this highlights the necessity for the close observation of victims and the early administration of oxygen to all immersion victims. Resuscitation in deep water has been shown to be effective, and instruction in these techniques is now standard teaching within the Surf Life-Saving Association of Australia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The prevention of wound contamination by skin organisms by the pre-operative application of an iodophor impregnated plastic adhesive drape.

Prior to preparing the skin for surgery, samples for bacterial growth were taken from 107 patients. The same site was sampled after preparation with povidone-iodine and at the end of surgical procedure the deep part of the wound was also sampled. This demonstrated that the wounds of 15% of patients became contaminated by organisms present on the skin prior to disinfection. A comparison was made with a further 122 patients undergoing hip surgery in whom an iodophor impregnated plastic adhesive drape ('Ioban') was applied to the operation site 24 hours prior to surgery. Bacterial sampling of the wound at the end of the procedure showed that wound contamination was reduced from 15% to 1.6% by this method. When patients are to have implant surgery, the protection from contamination by skin organisms afforded by 'Ioban' drape is likely to prove a valuable tool in the fight to prevent infection.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1985

Vibration analysis in the assessment of conservatively managed tibial fractures.

A simple and quantitative method for the assessment of fracture healing has been developed. this method depends on a technique of vibration analysis evolved from a study of 30 intact human tibiae and has been applied to the study of 22 tibial fractures. Real time vibration analysis will allow quantitative comparisons of different methods of non-operative fracture management, and, in addition to providing a uniquely powerful research tool, may have value in aiding clinical management decisions.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1985

Factors affecting the incidence of hip dislocation in cerebral palsy.

We have studied the natural history of spontaneous dislocation of the hip in cerebral palsy, with particular reference to the pattern of neurological involvement. In patients with bilateral hemiplegia and severe involvement of the upper limbs the incidence of dislocation was very high (59%), while in those with diplegia and little involvement of the upper limbs, only 6.5% were affected. There was no evidence of dysplasia or instability of the hip in any of the patients with unilateral hemiplegia. A strong correlation was found between the stability of the hip and the patients' ability to walk. These findings have a bearing on clinical surveillance and also on the indications for prophylactic surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Changes in haemostatic system after application of a tourniquet.

In 35 patients undergoing routine orthopaedic operations in which occlusive tourniquets were used there was a pronounced rise in fibrinolytic activity in the systemic circulation which lasted for at least 15 minutes after the release of the tourniquet; this response was seen after operations on both arms and legs. In contrast there was no increase in fibrinolytic activity in the systemic circulation associated with venous occlusion. Neither the application of a tourniquet nor venous occlusion resulted in changes in factors V or VIII, fibrinogen, or platelet-count. The application of a completely occlusive tourniquet might be a simple form of prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis and would avoid the disadvantages of using heparin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A milieu approach to dementia day care.

Applying the principles of therapeutic milieu, in which individual needs can be recognised within those of a group, can help people with dementia to realise their potential. The implementation of a system of care based on such an approach in a day unit is described, focusing on the need to acknowledge the essential worth of attenders and providing adequate support for staff.

Aged↗