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Biomedical subjects

I Makaiová

Publications and source records attributed to I Makaiová.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Octreotide in the treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas].

The authors detected in a 30-year-old patient a very rare type of hyperthyroidism caused by a thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenoma. Scintigraphic examination of the pituitary by means of 111In radiolabelled octreotide revealed an increased accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical preparation in the tumour, which confirmed the high density of somatostatin receptors. After onset of octreotide treatment (Sandostatin, Sandoz, Switzerland) 3 x 100 ug/day by the s.c. route a brisk decline and normalization of thyrotropin already after the first dose was recorded. The thyroxine concentration declined slowly to the upper range of normal values. After 5 months treatment despite the positive response to receptor scintigraphy diminution of the adenoma was not recorded. Again an increase of thyrotropin above the upper limit of the reference range and a marked rise of thyroxinaemia were observed. Six months after radical selective trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy normal pituitary function was confirmed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[Thyrotropin-secreting adenomas of the hypophysis].

Thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenomas are scarce. They may cause an extremely rare form of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is often delayed because the clinical symptoms are attributed to common types of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis involves detection of elevated or normal (unsuppressed) thyrotropin levels in hyperthyroid patients and evidence of a pituitary adenoma by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The thyrotropin response in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test is either absent or insufficient. When the pituitary microadenoma appears to be undetectable, the familiar syndrome of selective pituitary resistance to thyroid hormones has to be excluded. Treatment involves extirpation of the tumour. If the macroadenoma is not removed completely, external radiotherapy of the pituitary follows. If this conventional treatment does not produce an adequate effect, treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogues is recommended.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

The status of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis of bone metastases in breast cancer.

In this article, the authors present their experience with the diagnosis of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer using bone scintigraphy with 99mTc phosphonate and radioimmunological determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptic antigen (TPA). In a group of 395 patients, there was agreement between tumour markers (CEA, TPA) and the results of bone scintigraphy in 331 cases (84%)--negative in 193 cases (49%) and positive (i.e. in terms of bone scintigraphy results and the presence of at least one tumour marker) in 138 cases (35%). On the basis of this good agreement of the results between bone scintigraphy and CEA and TPA levels, the authors recommend the following algorithm in monitoring patients with breast cancer: follow-up of tumour markers at several-month intervals and, any increase in their levels will refer the patient to further examination using imaging techniques including bone scintigraphy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1989

[Gammagraphic imaging of pheochromocytoma using 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine].

The authors present their first experiences with scintigraphic examination of pheochromocytoma by means of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). In two of the eight patients examined, the already established diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma was confirmed, in two the examination yielded confirmation of the presumed diagnosis, and in the remaining four patients presence of the tumor was excluded. In conformity with literary data, the authors found the given examination to be suitable for: 1. confirming the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in cases with unequivocal CT findings, 2. excluding extraadrenal activity, 3. detecting relapses or the occurrence of an extraadrenal tumor, 4. detecting not suspect manifold endocrine neoplasias, 5. establishing the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma, and 6. for examining patients presenting with a family history of pheochromocytoma.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1989

[Arteriography, lymphography, gammagraphy and computer tomography in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumors].

The authors emphasize the importance of early and exact diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumours of the extremities and spine. This aim cannot be achieved by common biochemical, haematological and X-ray examinations. Therefore the authors recommend to use already during the initial examination of the patient a combination of classical roentgenography, arteriography, possibly lymphography, gammagraphy and computed tomography. The authors present a detailed account of experience with the application of the above diagnostic methods in 146 patients. On arteriograms of 37 patients dislocated main arteries were found 16 times, blood lakes 20 times. Lymphography revealed metastatic affection of regional lymph nodes in 21% of all patients, most frequently in bone reticulosarcoma and in synovial sarcoma. All-body gammagraphy helped to make the localization and assessment of size of the tumour more accurate, in two-thirds of the patients it was larger when visualized by this method than on native roentgenograms. In 3 of 14 Ewing sarcomas all-body gammagraphy revealed a polyostotic localization of the tumour. Computed tomography revealed the extent of infiltration and destruction of bone and soft tissues in pelvic and spinal tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Radioimmunoscintigraphy of human malignant melanoma. I. Pharmacokinetics and localization of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody RG-12 in thymectomized mice bearing renal melanoma xenotransplants.

The novel RG-12 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a high-molecular-weight antigen of human melanoma cells was radioiodinated and its biodistribution and tumor imaging was determined in immunosuppressed mice bearing xenografted human malignant melanoma HMB-2. Control and tumor-bearing mice were injected with 6 micrograms of 125I-labeled RG-12 IgG (8.9 MBq 125I-IgG/animal). Clearance of the MoAb from plasma had a mean half life of 20.6 hours. At day 2 after injection, radiolabeled RG-12 IgG localized in the tumor was 1.43% of the injected dose bound per gram tissue (ID/g), whereas the localization in the healthy kidney was below 0.5%. Tumor to tissue ratio of MoAb accumulation was low for hepatic tissue (1.25) but high for spleen (3.30) and kidney (3.25), respectively. Scanning with a gamma camera localized tumor mass in the right kidney and implanted peritoneal metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Significance of carcinoembryonic and tissue polypeptide antigen determination in the diagnosis of metastases in breast cancer.

A radioimmunological assay of CEA and TPA levels in breast cancer patients revealed a 93.7% concordance of negative and 93.4% of positive values with the clinical activity of the disease. In 26 out of a group of 38 patients (68.4%) with progressive breast carcinoma, an enhanced CEA and TPA level was the first indicator of the presence of metastases. In view of the results obtained, the authors consider this procedure to be a suitable method for monitoring and early detection of metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Experiences with bone scanning in differential diagnosis of local bone lesions.

Because some primary tumours often metastasize to the skeleton, their early detection is essential for further therapy and prognosis. Radiographic examination is not sufficiently sensitive for early detection of bone metastases, because it can reveal the typical sign of metastases--decalcification--only after loss of 30-50% of the original amount of calcium from bone tissue (18). Bone scanning with bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals represents a viable technique for early detection of bone lesions, especially early metastatic disease. The indication for this examination is undoubtedly in breast cancer, cancer of prostate, lung, thyroid gland, hypernephroma, melanoma, plasmocytoma and malignant lymphomas. After good clinical experience of the authors with bone scanning in detection of secondary bone tumours in known primary localisations (9, 14, 15, 10), they tried to elaborate in this paper indicative criteria for bone scanning in patients with suspicious secondary tumourous lesions by unknown primary localisations.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1981

The value of combination of bone scanning and measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen in diagnosis of breast cancer metastases.

The authors compared the results of bone scintigraphy and determination of CEA levels in a group consisting of 167 patients suffering from breast cancer with suspect distant metastases. The high agreement (79%) in results of both of examinations increase the diagnostic reliability of distant metastases. In the case of disagreement the bone scanning should be considered as a more sensitive method. The elevated CEA levels at negative or only uncertain bone scintigraphy results most often prove the present of distant metastases outside the skeleton.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical trial with long-term therapy of generalized plasmacytoma].

The authors report on findings in long-term therapy made by means of a combination of cyclophosphamide as attack dosis (partially also with polychemotherapy--COP, COPP-scheme) and double plasmapheresis. Since 1967 33 patients have been treated in this way. A group (6 patients) only received cyclophosphamide in a attack therapy of 15...25 mg/5g per body weight; a second group of 14 patients received the same dosis in combination with a double plasmapheresis. The third group of 13 patients in an advanced stage of the illness was treated polychemotherapeutically according to various schemes (COP-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone; COPP with Natulan) likewise in combination with double plasmapheresis. The observations made for 4 years in the two groups first mentioned showed favourable results in the second group with an average survival time of 35 months. In the third group only experiences of two years can be reported and thus a final answer cannot be given. However, it can already be stated that a clinical success requires the cytostatic therapy to be continued for a long time in combination with plasmapheresis.

Cyclophosphamide↗