PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I Marcus

Publications and source records attributed to I Marcus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Long-term humoral and cellular immunity after vaccination with cell culture rabies vaccines in man.

To determine the duration of anti-rabies immunity, peripheral blood of 18 vaccinees was obtained between 2 and 14 years after immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum were tested for the presence of either rabies virus-specific antibodies or rabies antigen-specific proliferation. Neutralizing immunoglobulin class G anti-rabies virus antibodies could be detected in sera of all vaccinees, but not in 18 age- and sex-matched controls. Rabies antigen-induced proliferation of PBMCs from vaccinees was significantly higher than that of controls. The anti-rabies T and B cell response showed no time-dependent pattern. These results suggest the induction of a long-term immunity after rabies immunization according to pre- and post-exposure schedules with inactivated cell culture vaccines against rabies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the newly developed purified chick embryo cell (PCEC)-rabies vaccine in man.

Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) rabies vaccine was given to 88 healthy adults according to six different vaccination schedules. Local side effects were reported on reactivity forms after 16.4% of PCECV injections, general symptoms were recorded after 15.1% of the 292 doses administered. IgE antibodies specific for chicken proteins determined by the Radio Allergo Sorbens Test (RAST) could not be shown before and after the vaccinations. With no exception, all 88 vaccinees developed high titres of complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies as determined by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test and Serum Mouse Neutralization Test. For the first time, induction of serum interferon by PCEC rabies vaccine has been shown in man. In rabies vaccination, PCEC vaccine seems to be as effective as Human Diploid Cell Strain (HDCS) vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical manifestations of rabies in the human. Case report and review].

Clinical symptoms and course in a 28 year old woman who suffered from rabies are reported. Neurophysiological and neuropathological findings in this patient, who died 21 days after developing initial symptoms, are presented in more detail. This disease appears to be rare in Central Europe. It can be treated effectively only by means of early detection and a special vaccination programme. Late recognition of lyssa specific symptoms in non-vaccinated patients is invariably associated with a fatal outcome. A review of current knowledge concerning rabies research is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Immunity against influenza virus types A and B in the Ruhr region].

Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza virus types A and B were determined in the sera of 733 healthy persons among the population of the Ruhr region. The receptivity rate for the total population to strains A/Philippines 2/82 (H3N2) and A/Brazil 1/78 (H1N1) was 60% and 80%, respectively. It was as high as greater than 95% with respect to type B (Hongkong). These findings support the call for more widespread anti-influenza vaccination during the winter half-year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Comparative study on antibody determination by different methods in sera of persons vaccinated with HDCS rabies vaccine.

The comparative studies undertaken by 7 laboratories in 6 countries show that the calculation of I.U.'s did not, as anticipated, minimize but actually enhanced the variability of results of rabies antibody estimations in the sera of HDCS vaccinees. The high biological variance in the method(s) may not have been considered by individual laboratories and any neglect of fundamental biostatistical laws unfortunately diminishes the theoretical advantage of using the "International Standard (I.S.)" as a "tertium comparationis". Perhaps the intrinsic variability of the I.S. should be re-evaluated and it is conceivable that a pure IgG fraction of rabies antiserum would show less variability. Intralaboratory variation might be reduced by agreeing that only a geometric mean of the I.S., and not a single value obtained in an individual test, should be used for calculation of I.U.'s. Application of the principles of biochemical and pharmacological methods, such as test-to-test control of the I.S. and its analytical variances might well enhance the reproducibility of the results. MNT, RFFIT, PRT and CFT were unable to detect antibodies in HDCS vaccinees until 7 days after the first vaccination. The establishment of methods for detecting early antibody requires further investigation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1978

Serovaccination by human immune globulin and HDCS-vaccine against rabies.

A serological study was performed in 16 volunteer subjects and 3 patients to determine the active antibody response after vaccination with HDCS vaccine alone and in conjunction with rabies immunglobulin of human origin (RIGH). When heterologous antiserum from horse or mule and any rabies vaccine is used for passive-active immunization, a pronounced interfering effect is observed, depending upon the relative concentrations of preformed rabies antibodies given and rabies virus antigen of the vaccines. When 20 IU/kg bwt of RIGH were applied simultaneously with vaccine on day 0 followed by a full series of post-exposure anti-rabies treatment, i.e. 6 doses of vaccine at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90, no interference phenomenon was observed, as indicated by an additive effect between passive antibody and actively produced antibody. This was reflected by the observed increase of rabies antibody titre on day 7 post-vaccination and could be demonstrated in three different assays (MNT, CFT and HIT). From day 14 to day 90, no significant difference as to logarithmic increase, plateau formation and persistence of neutralizing and HI antibodies was observed between the serovaccinated and the control group. Serum samples obtained on day 455 from 12 individuals representing both study groups revealed comparable antibody values as assayed in the MNT or HIT respectively. Thus persistence and quantity of vaccine induced antibody to rabies virus, whether produced after plain vaccination or under sero-vaccination conditions, actually show no difference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Antigenicity of low concentrated HDCS vaccine with and without adjuvant as compared to the standard fluid formulation.

It can be shown that 0.1% aluminum hydroxide is able to compensate a 90% difference in antigen content of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine in man. This conclusion, however, is drawn only from the formation of neutralizing antibodies (kinetics and antibody concentration). Further experiments should be performed to compare also the protective capacity of HDCS vaccines varying in antigen content and adjuvant. A sole reduction of viral antigen is reflected by a corresponding reduction in antibody formation provided the different doses fall within the logarithmic part of the dose-response curve.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Some experiences with human diploid cell strain-(HDCS) rabies vaccine in pre- and post-exposure vaccinated humans.

HDCS vaccine has been in official use in the F.R.G. for pre- and post-exposure vaccination of man, after having shown its superiority to the Hempt and duck embryo vaccine--as far as compatibility, antigenicity and protective capacity is concerned--since February 1977. HDCS vaccines of both manufacturers, Mérieux/Lyon and Behring/Marburg, did not produce any severe side effects in about 5000 vaccinees in West Germany when conditions of vaccine production were properly observed. The lack of neuropathogenicity of vaccines is stressed. Contamination by bacterial lipopolysaccharides, however, resulted in endotoxin shock in 32 out of 35 vaccinees with one vaccine lot. Testing for pyrogenicity of every vaccine lot should be carefully observed in future. When comparing antigenicity of different vaccine lots of both manufacturers, individual titers of complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies were correlated with the antigenic values of the vaccines. Duration of immunity after one course of vaccination is approximately 2 years and can be extended by only 1 booster injection for an additional 3 years. Protective capacity of HDCS vaccine (using Essen scheme, 6 applications) seems to be very pronounced. So far, between 1973-1977, 68 individuals under severe risk were vaccinated post-exposure in West Germany and 45 individuals in Iran from 1975-76. No cases of rabies occurred in the vaccinees. HDCS vaccine in man induces a very early antibody response with appearance of IgM rabies specific antibodies on day 3, and IgG rabies specific antibodies on day 7 and an early IgM/IgG antibody conversion at that time.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1978

Comparative study on antibody determination by different methods in sera of persons vaccinated with HDCS-vaccine.

The comparative studies undertaken by 7 laboratories in 6 countries show that the calculation I.U.s did not as anticipated minimize but actually enhanced the variability of results of Rabies antibody estaminations in the sera of HDCS vaccines. The high biological variance in the method(s) may not have been considered by individual laboratories and any neglect of fundamental biostatistical laws, unfortunately, diminishes the theoretical advantage of using the "International Standard (I.S.)" as a "tertium comparationis". Perhaps the intrinsic variability of the I.S. should be re-evaluated and it is conceivable that a pure IgG fraction of Rabies antiserum would show less variability. Intralaboratory variation might be reduced by agreeing that only a geometric mean of the I.S., and not a single value obtained in an individual test, should be used for calculation of I.U.s. Application of the principles of biochemical and pharmacological methods, such as test-to-test control of the I.S. and its analytical variances might well enhance the reproducibility of the results. MNT, RFFIT, PRT and CFT were unable to detect antibodies in HDCS vaccinees until 7 days after the first vaccination. The establishment of methods for detecting early antibody requires further investigation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

[Immunogenicity, efficacy and reactogenicity of a human diploid cell strain (HDCS) rabies vaccine in man; recommendations for pre- and post-exposure application (vaccination scheme) (author's transl)].

Since 1973 a total of 365 individuals between 4 and 74 years of age were vaccinated with the HDCS-rabies-vaccine produced by Mérieux/Lyon. Only minor local side reactions were observed in some patients. No adverse systemic reactions due to the vaccine occurred in any of the vaccinees. Seroconversion was observed in 100% of the vaccinated subjects. Neutralizing antibodies could be demonstrated in all 365 vaccinees in titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:2238 (0.35 to 72.5 I.U) employing 200 LD 50 of rabies virus in the mouse neutralization test. The persistence of antibodies has been followed up for 2 years. The efficacy of the HDCS-vaccine in post-exposure treatment proved to be reliable. Sixteen patients suffered bites, scratches, cuts und abrasions by proven rabid animals. Another 8 patients had come into close contact with saliva of confirmed rabid animals. None of these patients developed clinical rabies during an observation period now covering 1-3 years. The HDCS-rabies-vaccine, thus, proved to be well tolerated, innocuous and highly protective. Under those aspects, this vaccine must be considered superior to the duck-embryo-vaccine currently licensed in Germany and should be preferred for propylactic and post-exposure vaccination as well. The postexposure schedule elaborated in our laboratory has been adopted and recommended by a WHO expert group on rabies. The data presented here constitute the first report on post-exposure application of HDCS-rabies-vaccine in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Postinfectious antirabic vaccination of children with duck embryo vaccine and heterologous rabies hyperimmunity serum (author's transl)].

After contact with a rabies-infected rabbit, 31 Persons were submitted to complete vaccination treatment with duck embryo vaccine, comprising of injections of 1.0 ml each every fast night and two booster injections of 1.0 ml each, which were administered 10 and 20 days, respectively, after the end of the 14 days' vaccination series. After performance of intracutaneous and ophthalmic tests, 18 children received heterologous rabies immunserum (Behring) in a dose of 0.2 ml per kg of body weight before the beginning of the vaccination series. Six weeks after the start of the vaccination series neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies (rate of conversion 100 per cent) were detected in all patients. The mean titre of neutralizing antibodies (mouse test 200 LD 50 Fixed virus, strain CVS) amounted to 1:140, that of complement-fixing antibodies to 1:41. Severe incompatibility reactions were not observed. Outpatient treatment with duck embryo vaccine therefore seems to be fully justified.

Adolescent↗